Varidase, a enzymatic drug containing streptokinase and streptodornase, originates from nonpathogenic hemolytic streptococci and is widely used as an antiphlogistic. It was given by the author in combination with TC to bacillary dysentery patients admitted to the municipal Ebara Hospital in order to investigate effects of Varidase on the rectum ulcer caused by dysentery bacilli. Varidase was administered in the following methods:
I. One tablet each of Varidase Buccal was given perorally 4 times a day in timeinterval of 6 hours.
II. One tablet each of Varidase Buccal was given intrarectally 4 times a day in time interval of 6 hours.
III. One vial of Varidase Topical was dissolved in l0ml of distilled water, 2m1 of which was again diluted with luke warm saline solution to 100m1 and this was very slowly infused once a day into the rectum.
Just before and after the treatmnt and prior to the discharge from the hospital, rectoscopy was performed in order to compare the effects of the 3 methods on rectum ulcer with those of antibiotica or chemical drugs in alone use. Out of 5 cases treated with the latter, antibiotica or chemical drugs were effective in 2 cases and non-effective in 3 cases. The above mentioned method I, however, was effective in 2 out of 3 cases, method II excellently effective in 1, and effective in 4 out of 5 cases, method III excellently effective in 6, effective in 6 out of 12 cases.
Consequently, every of the 3 methods, especially method III was evidently more effective on rectum ulcer as compared with the other methods (antibiotica or chemical drugs), though a larger number of cases are required to obtain more accurate results.

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Combined therapy of Matromycine and Panfran S in equal dosis (50 mg each for children, 4 times a day for five days) was carried out against 58 cases of bacillary dysentery.
The results were as follows:
i) Reappearance of the bacilli was observed in 8 out of the 58 cases (13.8%) and in 6 out of 38 dysentery cases (15.8%) caused by resistant bacilli.
ii) Reappearance of dysentery bacilli, whenitreated with a single antibiotic, occurred in 59.6% of infant cases caused by resistant bacilli, whereas in the combined therapy only 5 out of 18 infant cases (27.8%) due to resistant bacilli demonstrated the reappearance.
iii) Clinical effects such as disappearance of bacilli, recover of stool nature, decrease of the number of stools etc. were remarkable in this combined therapy.
iv) Any of the side effects such as nausea, vomitting, abdominal pain, epigastrial uncomfortableness, anorexia and headache was scarcely noticed in all the cases treated with the combined therapy.

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In this communication a report is made on the effect of the diet on dysentery infection in sucklings. The results are summarized as follows.
I. Experiments on suckling rabbbits
1) Suckling rabbits fed with nonsugared condensed milk were compared in body weight, blood constituents, etc. with breast-fed suckling rabbits. The former were found to be slightly below the latter in body weight, but there was little or no difference between the two groups in the value of serum proteins, in serum protein fractions or in the anti-bacterial action of whole blood.
2) Suckling rabbits' fed with nonsugared condensed milk for 10 days were given dysentery bacilli per os. The dysentery bacillus was separable from the bloody, watery and muciform feces excreted 24 hours later by those rabbits.
3) To the gastric juice, the juice of the small and the large intestine, each obtained from the above described bottle-fed and breast-fed rabbits, were added a number of dysentery bacilli to observe their proliferation in each of the juices.
The bacilli survived for 4 hours in the gastric juice from the bottle-fed and only for a few minutes in that from the breast-fed, though the former juice was not different in the value of pH from the latter.
The two groups of suckling rabbits were on the same level in the antibacterial action on the juice of the small intestine. The bacilli multiplied to a several times as large number in 4 hours in the large intestinal juice from the bottle-fed rabbits and did not observably multiply in that from the breast-fed, the former juice being alkalin and the latter acid. It was thus demonstrated that infection with dysentery bacilli depends largely on the nature of the contents of the alimental canal.
II. Influence of diet on Dysentery infection of human sucklings.
1) There was no difference in the antibacterial action of whole blood between the breast-fed and the bottle-fed infants.
2) The value of pH in the rectum was 4.9±0.6 in the breast-fed infants and a little higher 6.6±0.8 in the bottle-fed infants.
3) The dysentery bacilli added to the rectal juice from the breast-fed infants became reduced in number in the juice and those added to the rectal juice from the bottle-fed infants tended to increase in the juice.

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