On September 4th, 1964, drug-resistant salmonella strain was isolated from a patient (Hibino) suffering from slight fever and several diarrhoeae.
The bacilli were identified morphologically, biologically and serologically as salmonella give. The resistance of the strain for usual antibiotics was for streptomycin 250 mcg/ml, for chloramphenicol 3.13 mcg/ml, for tetracycline 25 mcg/ml, whereas for sulfonamide that was 100 mg/di sensitive.
By mixed culture method after Ochiai and Akiba only streptomycin resistance was transfered to sensitive E. coli K-12. And the transmissed resistance of E. coli K-12 was furthermore transfered to the sensitive standard strain of salmonella give.
It may be said that the isolation of drug-resistant salmonella from a human being without foregoing medication of any antibiotics is the first cace in Japan.

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In order to study the roll of chemotherapy in biliary and urinary tract infection, the shift of the pathogens and of their sensitivity to antibiotic drugs for last ten years was investigated.
Comparative studies were also performed between direct and indirect method of sensi tivity test to antibiotics with reference to their clinical effects.
Following results were obtained:
1) In biliary tract infection, following differences were observed as compared with the data in 1957;
(1) Higher percentage of cases caused by gram positive strains and lower percentage of cases by gram negative strains.
(2) Decreased number of cases caused by E. coli and increased number of cases by Klebsiella in the gram negative strains.
2) Number of sensitive organisms to Streptomycin, Tetracycline, and Chloramphenicol isolated from B-bile in biliary tract infections decreased in this study as compared with the data in 1957.
Most of gram negative strains were revealed to be sensitive to Aminobentyl penicillin, Demetylchlor tetracycline and Kanamycin.
3) Significant differences were noted in the kind and the sensitivity of the organisms isolated depending on the districts and the hospitals. As an interesting fact, the investigation revealed the drug sensitivity of the same strain to differ depending on the site of isolation, namely bile or urine. Generally the organisms isolated from urine were less sensitive than those of bile.
4) Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the isolated organism to the various kinds of antibiotics seemed to be slightly lower by indirect method than by direct one.
5) No close relationship between MIC and cinical effect of the drugs was observed in biliary tract infection by either direct or indirect method. However, in urinary infection, direct method seemed to be somewhat better than indirect method concerning to the clinical effect.
6) Following administration of antibiotics, the causative organism disappeard in 1/3, persisted in 1/3 and altered in 1/3 of all cases.
7) In only one out of four cases of cholecystectomy, the same strain with the same sensitivity was isolated from B-bile using duodenal tube and gall bladder puncture.

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