An epidemic of Asian influenza was noted twice in Morioka City in the year of 1957, the first wave breaking out in June, and the second in October.
The incidence among the pupils was in June 38.19%, in October 51.9%, and that among their families in both occasions were 58.08% and 63.65%, respectively. As to sex, there were no significant differences among the pupils. Serological tests in the convalescent sera showed no rise of antibody titer to either A-type or B-type of the virus, however, demonstrated high agglutinin titer to Asian virus. Two influenza viruses were isolated by amniotic inoculation of fertile eggs and they were both revealed to be antigenically similar to A/Asia/57 strains isolated in Shingapore or in Tokyo.

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Recently much attention has been payed to the increase of candidiasis, due to the doral changes following the use of antibiotics. Candida, a common saprophite in human body, does not directly cause candidiasis. Therefore, fundamental investigations on the distribution of the microorganisms in the human body as well as the studies on the developmental mechanisms of this disease are requested.
In a series of investigations, candida was isolated 3, 187 times in total from 92 pregnant women and their 93 newborns. The first section is devoted to the isolation of candida from vagina before and after the labor pains as well as before and after the delivery. The second section deals with the occurrence of candida in the mucous membrane of the eye-lid, oral cavity, vagina and rectum in germ free fetus after passing through the maternal vagina.
These obsevations were made during 10 days after the birth. The studies in the third section were designated to secure the histopathological evidences following the experimental infection by intravenous or intraperitoneal inoculation of C. albicans into the mucous membrane of the eye-lid, oral cavity and vagina of rabbits, fragile to mechanical force. In these studies, the primary appearance and distribution of candida in the organs of newborn was investigated with respect to the conditions of maternal vagina, and secondarily the factors related to the fluctuation of the number of candida were studied, i.e. the findings of amniotic fluid, blood pictures in pregnancy and changes of pH in the respective mucus membrane, and finally, an attempt was made to decide wether 2 or 3 kinds of the factors actually cause the infection. The results were as follows:
The first section:
1. The isolation rate of candida from vagina of pregnant women was 29.35% in the later period of pregnancy, began to decrease (14.20%) from about the beginning of labour pains, and was as low as 8.15% during the puerperal period, about 10, days after the birth of child. C. albicans predominated among the other organisms.
2. i, acteriophagy of leucocytes in blood of pregnant women increased remarkably after the occurrence of labour pains and is considered to be one of the factors causing candidiasis.
3. None of Candida was found in vagina of pregnant women within 9 hours immediately after the delivery.
4. The growth of candida was not inhibited by amniotic fluid nor affected by changes of pH in vagina.
The second section:
1. Candida in the respective mucous membrane of newborns began to appear from about 10 hours after birth.
2. As for the incidence of fungi in newborns the isolation rate from eyelid and rectum was similar to the rate from normal mucous membrane, that from oral cavity lowest 4.66% and that from vagina highest 65.23%. Among the species of Candida, C. albicans predominated in the respective mucous membrane.
3. C. albicans in oral cavity of newborns was considered as pathogenic, and especially the infants with continuous isolation of the fungus from the third day after birth, demonstrated a great danger of occurrence of thrush (80%).
4. Candida in maternal vagina was found to affect the occurrence of candida in the newborns until about the fifth day after birth.
The third section:
1. Inoculation of C. albicans into rabbit mucous membrane fragile to mechanical force caused metastasis of the fungus into remote organs without respect to the development of local condidiasis at the site of inoculation.
2. Histological findings such as hemorrhage, degeneration, necrosis and granuomatous infiammotion associated with abscess were demonstrated in rabbit organs which developed experimental candidiasis.

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The Dick toxin of hemolytic streptococci S 8 strain with the potency of 20, 000 STD/ml, was prepared from the culture filtrate of Stock's diffusate medium. The medium was composed only of low-molecular diffusable components so as to avoid the allergic reactions cauded by the medium itself.
As for the experimental animals for the titrations of Dick toxin, New Zealand white strain of rabbits were found to be excellent, since the edemateous erythema was clearly detected.
In preparing the Dick toxin for human use, 0.2 % lactose solution was used as the diluent for the original preparations, which was found to form a thin white film in the ampules after lyophilization. This lactose method seemd to give excellent results in recovering uniform lyophilized products applicable to other biological products.
In comparative studies in school children with this type of toxin prepared with S 8 and the American standard NY 5 strains, different reactions were seen in few cases.

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A strain, probably a causative agent, was isolated from slices of tuna fishs which presumably caused the food poisoning of 11 peasons on the 20th and 21th, August, 1955 in Tanumamachi, Aso-gun, Tochigi Prefecture. The morbidity was 100%, and the mortality being 0%. The signs and symptoms were those of acute gastroenteritis, i.e. fever of about 39°C, watery, mucus diarrhea (the most frequent: 10 times), vomiting (the most frequent: 12 times), headache, abdominal pain and tenesm.
The biological characteristics of the strain isolated from 5 out of 11 patients wereas follows: fermentation of glucose, retarded fermentation of lactose and saccharose, fermentation of trehalose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, sorbite and sulcite, no fermentation of salicin, inosite and adonite, indolnegative, sulfuric-hydrogen-positive, M.R.-test-positive, V. P.-test-positive, citrate-positive, no fermentation of urea, motile.
Regarding the serological characteristics, the O-antigen proved to be the same as the Arizona 0-13 antigen according to the cross-absorption-test, however, the H-antigen demonstrated no coincidence with that of the Salmonella-, Arizona- and Citrobacter (1-88). The serum antibody titer of the patients (both O- and H-antibody) showed a fairlygreat rise against the strain isolated.
The strain isolated demonstrated sensitivity against streptomycin, chlorarnphenicol, oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline 6.25-12.5γ/cc, 6.25γ/cc, 3.13γ/cc and 3.13γ/cc, respectively.

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In recent years an increasing attention has been payed to the appearance and shift of reactive substances in the acute stage as indicators for the process of infectious diseases which are of prognostic and also therapeutic value by serving for the decision of therapeutic methods. Serum-muco-protein was mesured by the author together with CRP and blood sedimentation rate with 44 scarlet fever patients.
Material of investigation:
Scarlet fever patients admitted to our hospital from October 1958 to March 1959 were divided into two groups; non-treated (26 cases) and treated group (18 cases).
Technics:
For serum-MP, tyrosine was measured by Winzler method, CRP by Anderson-McCarty method and blood sedimentation rate by Westergren method.
Results:
1. MP of all the 26 cases of non-treated group rose over the nomal value in the initial stage of the disease, increased still more until the middle of the 2nd week and decreased gradually until the end of the 4th week.
2. MP of all the 18 cases of the treated group rose over the normal value in the initial stage of the disease, increased until the 5th day, decreased from the 6th day, and approached again to the normal value in the 2nd week, but demonstrated a similar shift as the non-treated group from the 3rd week on.
3. The shift of serum-MP showed a remarkable difference between the treated and non-treated group, indicating an effect of the therapy.
4. In the cases which still demonstrated a high serum-MP value, persistence of pharyngeal streptococcus hemolyticus and a complication might be considered.
5. In the initial stage CRP was positve in all the cases of both groups. Thereafter it turned gradually to negative from the 11th to 26th bap in the non-treated group, but became abruptly negative in the treated group.
6. The positive rate of CRP and the grade of its reaction became higher with the increase of serum-MP value.
7. The blood sedimentation rate of both groups accelerated by 40-60% in the initial stage, increased still more until the end of the 1st week and gradually came down to the normal value. In the trated group, however, it tended to become normal earlier than in the non-treated group.

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Streptococcus hemolyticus was investigated from June, 1957 to December, 1958 with healthy persons and patients suffering from nephritis, upper respiratory tract and dermal diseases. The total isolation rate and that according to it's group, type monthly distribution and age were studied. Furthermore, the sensitivity test against various antibiotics was carried out.
The results obtained were as follows:
1) The isolation rate of the microorganism from the pharinx of healthy persons was 20.2% and 8.6% respectively in children and adults. Consequently, the children play a great role as carrier.
2) The monthly distribution of isolation rate demonstrated a curve with two peaks in May-June and in November.
3) According to the age, the rate was highest in the age of 5-9.
4) According to the group, the A and G group predominated among the other groups. In adults, however, the C group followed these groups in the isolation rate.
5) As for the type, 5 types (1, 3, 6, 9, 12) were most frequently encountered. An increasing tendency was observed with type 13 and type 44.
6) Among various diseases, nephritis and angina demonstrated a high isolation rate.
7) In epidemics of scarlet fever, the number of carriers who demonstrated the same type of streptococcus as that causing the epidemic increased.
8) The isolation rate from the nephritis patients was higher in children than in adults.
9) The type 12 was isolated more frequently in the initial stage of nephritis (within the 7th day) than in the later stages, coinciding with the results of Rammelkamp.
However, the rate was different according to the age. It was assumed that the other types also might cause nephritis.
10) No aggravation was observed in the course of nephritis, when a upper respiratory tract infection due to the other types occurred.
11) The isolation rate was 32.1% from the pyodermal patients.
12) No coincidence of type was found between the streptococci isolated from the pharynx and the pyodermal foci.
13) No decrease of sensitivity against various antibiotics was noticed in the majority of the streptococci isolated. However, 2 strains of the A group demonstrated a low sensitivity against Bacitracine, a strain of the C group against tetracycline and a strain of the K group against penicillin, respectively.

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