Juntendo Medical Journal
Online ISSN : 2188-2134
Print ISSN : 0022-6769
ISSN-L : 0022-6769
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Volume 27, Issue 2
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Contents
  • The Histopathological Study of Halothane Induced Liver Injury in Rats
    HIROSHI ISHIKAWA
    1981 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 133-146
    Published: June 10, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.27.133
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    It is well known that carbon tetrachloride and chloroform, (halogenated hydrocarbons) induce liver injury, clinically and experimentally. Halothane, one of halogenated hydrocarbons, and the most frequently used volatile anesthetic drug, has been reported in mony countries (including Japan) to induce fatal liver injuries sometime clnically. Since reported a first lethal case due to hepatic injury by halothane anesthesia, the clinical study has been progressed. In the experimental pathological fields, there are still several difficulties to overcome including such as reproducibility and the histopathological resemblance to the human cases. In this report, the latter two points were investigated as follows : halothane was mixed with olive oil and administered of female rats, 200-260g to body weight, via two routes for oral (p. o.) and subcutaneous (s. c.) administration, rather than inhalation, for periods of 6, 8, 12 and 15 consecusecutive days. After sacrifice, histological examinations and serum chemistry analysis were conducted. Macroscopically, the livers of the 12 and 15 day groups were slightly pale and swollen. Micoscopically, clear cytoplasms were observed, partly in the 8 and 12 day group showed atrophy of the liver and the degeneration, disappearance of hepatocytes, in the central zone of the liver. In the 15 day group, the hepatocytes degenerated and disappeared in the central zone of the liver and eosinophilic body-like degenerated hepatocytes, small hemorrhage and the infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells were observed. These histological pattern in the 15 day group rats are quite similar to that of human cases. As for the other findings, fatty degeneration and slight mitosis were observed and fatty infiltrations spread from the control zone to the mid zone in the course of time. Serum GOT activity of the 8 and 15 day groups increased significantly in comparison with control. In previous reports the main change was the fatty degeneration but only slight transient hepatocyte-degeneration was observed. In those papers, the reproducibility remains qustionable. The reproducibility of our finding was confirmed by another experiment which was conducted six months after the first experiment and the almost same histological pattern was observed in rats. It is considered that the liver swelling in rats, in contrast to human liver atrophy, was due to adaptive reaction by still healthy rats. The reasons for the choice of p.o. and s.c. routes for halothane are : 1. quantitative and quick administration, 2. neither p.o. or s.c. alone could induce liver injury in rats, 3. to avoid inhalation of halothane by researchers.
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  • A Clinicopathological Analysis of 200 Cases of Meningioma
    KUNIO MIZUGUCHI
    1981 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 147-158
    Published: June 10, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.27.147
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    A clinicopathological analysis of 200 meningiomas was performed. The clinical aspects of these tumors were not remarkable except for two cases of cutaneous meningioma and three cases of direct extension to the skin. The overall malignant cases were 15 (7.7%) including 10 (5.2%) cases of so-called malignant meningioma. A new attempt for determining the histological atypism was pursued. This is a grading system which was besed on scoring estimated by four histologic parameters, such as mitotic figures, necrosis, nuclear pleomorphism and invasion. Histological grade was devided into four Grades (Grade I to Grade IV). The incidence of re-operation in each Grade were : Grade I 10.1%, Grade II 21.1%, Grade III 23.3 %, Grade IV 75.0 %. The cases coexistent with psammoma bodies and/or lipomyxomatous change were mainly seen in the lower Grade. Neither necrosis, whorls nor intranuclear bodies were considered less important for the grading. The electronmicroscopic studies included seven cases of Grade I, one Grade III and two Grade IV cases. The case of Grade III showed decreased interdigitation and desmosomes with prominent invagination of nulei resulting in frequent intranuclear bodies. One of Grade IV cases disclosed angioblastic character, and another Grade IV was composed of undifferentiated cells with mesenchymal nature.
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  • A Study on Carcinogenesis of Degraded Carrageenan, a Polysaccharide-sulfate, Derived from Seaweeds
    KAZUO WAKABAYASHI
    1981 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 159-171
    Published: June 10, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.27.159
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    It is known that oral administration of degraded carrageenan, a sulfated polysaccharide obtained by extraction with hot water from the red seaweeds, induces ulcerative lesions of the large intestine in various laboratory animals. The effects of oral administraion of degraded carrageenan-in particular, the possibility of colorectal carcinogenesis, and its early lesions-were studied in rats. Concomitantly, the mutagenicity in the Ames Salmonella assay system and V 79 cell line, or transformation assay with cryopreserved primary hamster embryo cells were also investigated. Degraded carrageenan was given to Sprague-Dawley rats through the diet (10, 5 or 1%), in drinking water (5%), or by stomach tube (5 or 1 g/kg body weight) for up to 24 months. Carrageenan-induced ulcerative lesions, squamous metaplasia, and tumors such as squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and adenoma were found in the colorectum. Some rats had metastases of squamous cell carcinomas to the regional lymph nodes. Final incidences of tumors in rats given 10 % diet and 5% diet were 31.7 % and 20 %, respectively. However, the rats surviving more than 18 months showed higher tumor incidences of 64.3 % and 33.3 %, respectively. In rats given a 5% aqueous solution as drinking water and rats given 5 g/ kg by stomach tube, the incidences were 27.5% and 27.6%, respectively. Although degraded carrageenan was deposited in reticuloendothelial cells, no reticuloendothelial tumor was observed. These results show that degraded carrageenan is carcinogenic to the colorectum of the rat. In the study on the early lesions with rats given 10% diet of degraded carrageenan, carrageenan-induced epithelial degeneration or occasional superficial erosions were present 1 day after administration. Such lesions were located in columnar epithelium of the anorectal junction in all rats. By 2 weeks after administration, overt multiple hemorrhagic erosions, edema, and squamous metaplasia occured in the rectal mucosa, and extended proximally thereafter. Degraded carrageenan did not show any mutagenic activity in the Ames Salmonella assay system and V 79 cells, and showed no transformation of hamster embryo cells. Degraded carrageenan also was not cytotoxic to V 79 cells and hamster embryo cells.
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  • Study of the Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Nasopharyngeal EEG
    KEN SEKI, REIICHI INOUE, SHOUHEI YAMAGUCHI
    1981 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 172-182
    Published: June 10, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.27.172
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In electroencephalogarphic study nasopharyngeal (Np) leads have been used during past 40 years. But this method is not popular in Japan, : though the technique is easy and devoid of complications. Np EEG is paticularly useful in detecting temporal spikes of patients with psychomotor epilepsy. Since 1978, in Juntendo University Hospital and in its affiliated hospitals, Np combined with scalp EEGs have been recorded at 56 times for 44 patients who had (1) epilepsy, (2) intracranial mass lesion, (3) psychotic or neurotic disorders and (4) inflammatory or metabolic diseases of central nervous system. In 9 of 20 patients with psychomotor epilepsy (45%) spikes or sharp waves were detected from both Np leads and scalp temporal leads. In 7 of them spikes were mainly localized in the Np lead (“medial type”). Spikes and sharp waves were recorded during sleep in the Np lead as well as in the scalp lead. It is found in our study that 14 & 6 positive bursts in the scalp lead spread to the Np lead as 14 & 6 “negative” bursts. It is our opinion that Np lead seems not sensetive enough to detect slow components, except for cases with brain tumor or abscess localized unilaterally. This difficulty in detecting slow components with Np lead is based on difficulty in distinguishing slow componets from respiration.
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