Juntendo Medical Journal
Online ISSN : 2188-2134
Print ISSN : 0022-6769
ISSN-L : 0022-6769
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Volume 5, Issue 3
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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  • Experimental Studies on Arsenic Poisoning
    Report 3. On the Effect of Mono-and Dithiols to Arsenious Acid Poisoning of Mice
    Kazuteru NITTA
    1959 Volume 5 Issue 3 Pages 175-184
    Published: 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: November 22, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.5.175
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The present paper deals with a part of the series of the author's studies on experimental arsenious poisoning. Experiments were made by injecting Thiols (3% Sodium mercaptoacetate and BAL) intramuscularly into the thigh of mice, inbred strain ddY, which were given 1% arsenious acid solution into the stomach. Author studied on concentration of erythrocytes, leukocytes, hemoglobin, and blood pictures of mice. After mice were killed by ether, their specimens were stained by Hematoxylin and partly Sudan III and Scharlachrot. For histochemical studies, Schumacher's method was used. The following results were obtained. (1) On findings of blood, Thiols were seemed to be effective in treatment of arsenious poisoning. (2) On histological findings, 3% Sodium mercaptoacetate, monothiol, did not show so remarkable changes, but 12mg/kg.day of BAL, dithiol, showed slight damage of the liver and the kidneys. (3) Arseic granule was not detected in any organs of almost all experimental animals after injection of Thiols. (4) 0.04cc/kg.day of 3% Sodium mercaptoacetate and 6mg/kg.day of BAL were seemed to be effective in treatment of arsenious poisoning, but high doses f BAL should be used cautiously.
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  • Cytological Studies on the Nuclear Division of Yeasts
    2. Nuclear Configuration of the Yeast Cell and its Relation to the Vacuole
    Mitsuru TAKAHASHI
    1959 Volume 5 Issue 3 Pages 185-192
    Published: 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: November 22, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.5.185
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    Nuclear configurations of twelve strains of yeasts were observed by DeLamater's stain. Organisms used were S. cerevisiae 0209,. S. cerevisiae 0635, S. cerevisiae 0637, S. fragilis 0541, S. rouxii 0494, H. anomala 0122, H. saturnus 0117, H. schneggii 0135, Sc. ludwigii 0339, C. a'bicans 10259, C robusta 0718 and C. robusta 0735, among which strains 0635 and 0637 had been determined as haploid ones by Lindegren and strains 0718 and 0735 were suggested as haploid strains of S. cerevisiae by Sato et al. So- called chromosome counts of the strains were summarized in table 1. Many investigators.reported that a yeast cell has several chromosomes and that the chromosome divides into daughter nuclei by mitosis or mitosis-like mechanism. However, two to five chromosoems were observed independently of the species or ploidy in my study. The chromosomal counts of the two strains of S. cerevisiae 0635 and 0637 were the same to that of the diploid strain of S. cerevisiae, although the formers were haploid. As to the mode of the nuclear division of the organimsms, metaphase-, anaphase-, and telophaselike configurations were often seen in the stained preparations but such a figure could not be observed in situ in all strains even by the vital staining preparations or with the phase contrast microscope. When vital staining or ribonuclease-digestion were performed in wetting state throughout the processes deeply stained areas were seen around the vacuole. Therefore, the author considers that the nuclear material, exists perivacuolarily. Furthermore, it was obseved that the vacuoles were schrunken into chromosome-like configurations under the microscope by the addition of alcohol. Moreover, since no nuclear division was observed prior to the bud formation, budding itself seemed to be discrepant for the sense of mitosis. Because mitotic division should occur prior to the cell division and the cell divides into two daughter cells after the formation of the two daughter nuclei. Mother cell swelled at one portion of the cell wall in the budding process and a bud was gradually formed and then nuclear material poured into the but after the bud formation. The author considers that the phenomenon is contradictory to the mitosis. From these experiments the author concluded that the staining procedure might give rise to some changes upon the nuclei and that the perivacuolar nuclear material would change into chromosome-like configurations by the staining procedure. Therfore, the true form of the perivacuolar structures must be investigated in the living state.
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  • Cytological Studies on the Nuclear Division of Yeasts
    3. Nuclear Configuration and Ploidy of S. cerevisiae and C. robusta
    Mitsuru TAKAHASHI
    1959 Volume 5 Issue 3 Pages 193-198
    Published: 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: November 22, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.5.193
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    Determination of the ploidy of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 0209, 0635 and 0637, and Candida robusta 0718 and 0735 were performed by the estimations of the dry weight per cell and of cell size and also by the observation of the survivals after the X ray irradiation. Results obtained were as follows : 1. S. cerevisiae 0209 was seemed to be diploid strain, and S. cerevisiae 0635 and 0637 were in the haploid state. C. robusta 0718 and 0735 were seemed to be triploid strains of S. cerevisiae. 2. From the view point of the ploidy, chromosomal counts previously discribed must increase parallely to the ploidy increases. But chromosomal counts of the strains were almost the same independently of their ploidy. 3. The author considered that the stained chromosomes were not true forms of the nuclear material. Therefore, the author venture to propose together with the previous report that the nuclear material in the living state of the yeast cell exists perivacuolarily.
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  • A social psychiatric Study on the Shermanism in Tohoku District in Japan.
    On Distribution of Sherman in Aomori Prefecture
    Katumi KAKETA, Yuriko SHIBUYA, Yoshinobu MAEDA, Tamio NAKAMURA, Shinko ...
    1959 Volume 5 Issue 3 Pages 199-210
    Published: 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: November 22, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.5.199
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    The results of social psychiatric survey on the sherman in Aomori prefecture are reported. In this prefecture live 268 sherman aged from 20 to 89. They are divided in two groups i.e. Itako and Kamisama, and their religious function and mode of its discipline are reported. Authors also pointed out various subjects of shermanistic problem, in which this survey is involved.
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  • Studies on the Tetanus Curve and Fatigue of the Skeletal Muscle by Alternative Square Pulse Stimulation
    Shigeru SUZUKI
    1959 Volume 5 Issue 3 Pages 211-217
    Published: 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: November 22, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.5.211
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    The tetanus curve and fatigue of sartorius muscle of the frog were investigated. Muscle was mounted in the fluid bath and stimulated in various electric fields by alternative or successive square pulse current. 1) In Ringer's solution the successive stimulation of 20-25c/sec was so less effective for contraction conpared with the alternative stimulation. In any other frequencies, howerver, both stimulations produced nearly the same effects. 2) Delicate coupling-process should be in between membrane depolarization and contraction, because even the alternative stimulation could not exhaust the muscle force completely. 3) When the concentration of potassium in Ringer's solution was raised up to 5-9mM, subsituted for sodium, the threshold for electric stimulus decreased, but contracting force remained, unchanged. 4) When the action potential was abolished by excess potassium (14mM), 0.06% procaine or sodium free solution (cholin chlioride solution), the muscle still could be stimulated to contraction by electric current, and the alternative stimulation was more effective than the successive one.
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  • Experimental and Clinical Studies on Anti-Tricomonas Effect of Coptis Japonica
    Hiroo HATANO
    1959 Volume 5 Issue 3 Pages 218-229
    Published: 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: November 22, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.5.218
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    Coptis japonica is a crude drug with berberine as its main effective. It is well known that berberine is effective against bacteria-and protozoa-diseases such as leishmania, amoeba and malaria. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-trichomonas effect of this drug. A. Experimental Studies : 1) Studies of berberine, coptis japonica and other crude berberine containing drugs on trichomonas vaginalis in vitro. 2) Inhibiting effects of coptis japonica, the several extracts of this drug and berberine hydrochloride on the intraperitoneally infected trichomonas in mice. 3) The change of dyeing potency of toluidine blue on trichomonas vaginalis, injured, by coptis japonica. B. Clinical Study : The effect of coptis japonica was tested in 39 cases with trichomonas vaginalis. The microskopic investigation of parasites, improvement of subjective symptoms and continuous cure rates were reported by the intravaginal administration of powdered coptis japonica.Results : 1) The minimum inhibitory concentration in vitro were 250 to 500γ/cc for berberine, 500 to 2,000γ/cc for coptis japonica, 4,000γ/cc for phellodendron amureuse (yellow bark) and 2,000 to 4,000γ/cc for berberis thunbergii. 2) The LD50 of coptis japonica, tested by intraperitoneal injection in mice was 880mg/kg. The. intraperitoneally injected berberine has no action on trichomonas. The suspension of the drug was most effective. The filtrate of the suspension and other variously treated forms showed a decrease in the effectiveness. 3) The trichomonas, treated by this drug has beed dyed by the toluidine blue, which dyes only several kinds of cells, poisoned by drug actions. 4) In 39 cases of trichomonas vaginalis, the percentage of the primary complete healing was 94.87%. The trichomonas could not be found by the microscopic investigation generally after 2 repeated treatments. 11 cases among 18 patients showed the continuous healing. (i.e. 61.1%) Conclusion : From the experiments and clinical studies it is concluded that coptis japonica is effective against trichomonas vaginalis.
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  • Studies on Chemotherapy of Cancer
    Eiji HARADA
    1959 Volume 5 Issue 3 Pages 230-247
    Published: 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: November 22, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.5.230
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    By using anti-cancer preparations Azan M, Nitromin, TESPA and Carzinophilin on subcutaneously implanted Ehrlich's ascites cancer cells and NFC (Nakahara-Fukuoka-Cancer) changes of size, tissue respiration of tumor and liver preparations were measured together with histopathological and electron-microscopy studies, The following results were obtained. A) The sizes of tumors were diminished in anti-cancer preparation treated cases. B) Tissue Respiration 1) Animal Experiments i) Physiological saline was injected daily in tumor implanted mice but no significant difference was seen with the controls. ii) Anti-cancer preparations were used on healthy mice and the tissue respiration of their livers were measured. No significant difference was seen with non-treated healthy animals. iii) Liver tissue respiration of tumor implanted mice of heathly animals. iv) As a result of anti-cancer treatment with Azan M, TESPA, Carzinophilin, the tissue _??_espiration of tumors was lowered in comparison to controls but the liver respiration showed no significant difference. v) Nitromin lowered both the respiration of tumor and liver tissues. 2) Clinical Cases i) The tissue respiration of stomach cancer tissue when compared to non-cancerous stomach tissue was increased in cases where no chemotherapy was used. ii) The tissue respiration of stomach cancer tissues was decreased compared to controls when Azan M, Nitromin and carzinophilin were used. C) Although no clear-cut changes were not seen in histopathological preparations in animal and clinical cases after use of drugs there were some cases where degeneration and abnormal mitosis of nuclei and fibrosis were seen. D) Deformation, shrinkage and vacuolation of the mitochondria were seen in drug treated animal and clinical cases under electron microscopy.
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