Juntendo Medical Journal
Online ISSN : 2188-2134
Print ISSN : 0022-6769
ISSN-L : 0022-6769
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Volume 56, Issue 3
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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Contents
  • Quantumtheory : The Fabric of the Subatomic World and the Universe
    YATARO HORIKAWA
    2010 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 228-237
    Published: June 30, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.56.228
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The lineup of the subjects of physics at Juntendo University are first introduced and particle and wave motions in classical theory is reviewed by using video clips of teaching materials. Then, the necessity of quantum theory for the subatomic physics are discussed in terms of the equipartition theorem, blackbody radiation, atomic spectra, and stability of atom. The two characteristic features of quantum theory are the particle-wave duality due to the superposition principle and EPR phenomena in entangled states of composite systems. Owing to recent progress in experimental techniques, the superposition principle of quantum theory is exemplified by a beautiful interference experiment of electron, and the violation of Bell's inequality in an entangled state is verified in favor of quantum theory. The new development in quantum theory, the environmental decoherence theory and logical framework of consistent history, provided a unified description of the classical as well as quantum physics, and motivated the research of technology based on fundamental principle of quantum theory. As a new development of the quantum theory, quantum computer and quantum key distribution to guarantee secure communication, which may as well be considered direct verification of quantum principles, are briefly explained.
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  • Pre-congresses for International Academy of Sportology
    RYUZO KAWAMORI
    2010 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 238
    Published: June 30, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.56.238
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    The term “sportology” was first described by us in the preface of the Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Exercise for Diabetes, at as early as 19891) . We proposed that “sportology” is newly categorized wisdom. It is needless to say that the most important method expected to comprehensively improve various health problems is sports. Sportology shall be a scientific approach to the relationship between sports and health and is a newly defined system of study. While using “sports and health” as keywords to deepen the respective specialized sciences involved, sportology simultaneously integrates each of these specializations, creates and presents opportunities where “deepening and integration” are possible and gives back to society more effective and more efficient academic achievements. From now on, several further academic developments are targeted, with specialists in each area acknowledging the necessity to establish a group where multifaceted, diverse discussion can occur, leading to this proposal for the establishment of a new academic society called the International Academy of Sportology. That explains the background to the establishment of the International Academy of Sportology and its outlines. The Inaugural International Academy of Sportology will be held on 5th March, 2011, in Tokyo as the one of the satellite symposia to the 28th General Assembly of the Japanese Medical Congress held by the Japanese Association of Medical Sciences' in April 2011. Prior to the Inaugural International Academy of Sportology, pre-congresses were held in 21st March and 5th December, respectively, 2009 and all authors summarized their presentations in this issue.
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  • Sportology for the Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
    RYUZO KAWAMORI
    2010 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 239-242
    Published: June 30, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.56.239
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    Exercise and diabetes mellitus is an important subject in itself for athletes with diabetes, their trainers and careers. We have demonstrated that blood glucose level is well tuned by glucagon and insulin during exercise. We also showed that intracellular fat accumulation could be one of the mechanisms of insulin action and short term exercise decrease intramyocellular lipid and improve insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes. Thus, it is clear that exercise induces rapid metabolic changes in skeletal muscle and liver, respectively. We are much looking forward to Sportology for the prevention and treatment of life style related diseases such as diabetes mellitus.
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  • A Conceptualization of “Sportology”
    - A Harbinger of New Wisdom
    TOSHIO SAEKI
    2010 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 243-246
    Published: June 30, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.56.243
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    This paper proposes the fundamental cognitive nature in “Sportology” as a new wisdom of total humanity by examining the conceptualization of it. First, the author discusses the view point of the search for new studies, and suggests the necessity for the innovation of the paradigm in established modern sciences. Second, the author discusses the social situations of sport sciences and physical education studies and suggests its limitation and self-contradiction as modern sciences and as the practical intellectual too. Because they are destined to be despised as the second class one by their mother sciences and looked down as a worthless theoretical meddling by the practical world. In order to go beyond this limitation, sport sciences and physical education studies have to establish their own and peculiar subject and methodology in the relation of the human movement as the living body. Then, “Sportology” may not be constituted as the inter-disciplinary nor the multi-disciplinary, but the trans-disciplinary. The author suggests that this point of view is very important for the humanity protection in the future world in which the techno-sciences may reach the singular point and a Mother Computer may control all over our life. The last, the author discussed the Renaissance to explore the cognitive nature of “Sportology” as the innovation model for a new wisdom. He suggests that the first Renaissance for the liberation of the intellectual and the second Renaissance for the liberation of the emotional were limited because of separately liberation of each other. Therefore, the author concludes that the conceptualization of “Sportology” will support a flourishing paradigm for the prospect of the third Renaissance, which is the liberation of the human body.
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  • Running and the Brain
    KISOU KUBOTA
    2010 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 247-248
    Published: June 30, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.56.247
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    I started jogging when I was 46 years old. Since then, I might become to be addicted to the running and I started investigation about running and brain. By using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscope (fNIRS), we first measured changes of the frontal lobe activity. Although walking at a speed of 1km/h activated the lower limb motor area bilaterally, running at 9km/h activated the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We also demonstrated that two months running training may improve frontopolar activities. This result is impressive, because this part of the prefrontal cortex is only present in the human. In order to tell those brain functions related to running, I wrote book about “Running and the Brain”.
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  • Aging, Diseases and Sports from the Aspect of Cell Clearance System, Autophagy
    EIKI KOMINAMI, TAKASHI UENO, JUNJI EZAKI, DONGMEI ZHENG
    2010 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 249-250
    Published: June 30, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.56.249
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    Macroautophagy, which literally means self-eating, constitutes one of two major intracellular proteolytic systems in eukaryotic cells along with the ubiqutin-proteasome. Our previous studies imply that inclusion bodies formed as a result of autophagy impairment are deeply associated with the pathogenic mechanism of human diseases. Recent studies have suggested that autophagy is also related to longevity and sarcopenia. It seems important to develop exercise/sports practical program for maintaining muscles in elder people from the aspect of regulation of autophagy. Efforts for this goal may eventually give a hint how to live longer and healthy.
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  • Sportology and High Intensity Interval Walking Training in Aging Society
    HIROSHI NOSE, MAYUKO MORIKAWA, SHIZUE MASUKI, TOSHIAKI YAMAZAKI, KEN-I ...
    2010 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 251-256
    Published: June 30, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.56.251
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    Faced with social problems such as global warming and rapidly aging society, the solutions have been expected in “sportology”. Humans became widely distributed on the earth from their birth by acquiring abilities to walk in an upright position and to adapt themselves to various natural environments. However, seeking a 'comfortable environment' in modern civilization has deteriorated these genetic characteristics of humans, and the consumption of resources and energy to acquire such a 'comfortable environment' has induced global warming-associated natural disasters and the destruction of social order. To halt this vicious cycle, we may reactivate the genetic characteristics in humans by doing sports. To assess this, we have developed a health promotion program for middle aged and elder people, Jukunen Taiikudaiiku Program, in cooperation with the Japanese government, developed high-intensity interval walking training (IWT), and examined the physical and mental effects on 4,000 people for these 5 years. We found that IWT for 4 months increased physical fitness by 10-20%, decreased the indices of life-style related diseases by 10-20%. Since a prescription of IWT can be conducted by using an IT network system called e-Health Promotion System, the participants in the program were able to receive the prescription even if they lived remote from trainers, enabling them to perform IWT at their favored places and times, and also at low cost. Moreover, we found some single nucleotide polymorphisms closely related to inter-individual differences in the responses to IWT. Finally, we assessed a cost vs effect relationship of IWT and found that 60,000 JPY investment per year for individuals reduced their heath care cost by 120,000 JPY, 20% of total health care cost per year for the population. These results suggest that exercise prescription promote health by reactivating the genes unique for human beings, which is quite matched to the goal of “sportology”.
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  • The Effects of Aging and Exercise on Protein Acetylation/Deacetylation : Role of Sirtuins
    ZSOLT RADAK, ORSOLYA MARTON, ERIKA KOLTAI, SATARO GOTO, HISASHI NAITO
    2010 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 257-259
    Published: June 30, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.56.257
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    Irreversible posttranslational modifactions of proteins play a key role in cellular regulation. Acetylation/deacetyltion of lysine residues not just turning on or switching off proteins, but it significantly could effect ubiquitination of the same lysine residues, hence the degradation of proteins. Aging is associated with decreased level of protein turnover, and our data indicates that the acetylation level of proteins is increased with aging, which supports the link between acetylation level and protein stability. Exercise training counteracts with the effects of aging on acetylation level and on the regulation of sirtuins, which are powerful protein deacetylators.
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  • Induction of differentiation of murine iPS cells into dendritic cells
    KANOKO MORI, HISAYA AKIBA, MITSUE SAITO, SUMIKO WATANABE
    2010 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 260-267
    Published: June 30, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.56.260
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    Objective : Human embryonic stem (ES) cells have significant disadvantages in terms of ethical issues and histoincompatibility between patients. ES cells are currently not available for clinical application; however, the recently developed induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are expected to resolve these issues. Dendritic cells (DCs) are known to play major roles in the activation of T-cells and are also involved in the prevention of allergy and autoimmune disease, as well as the induction of anti-cancer immunity:therefore, we investigated the generation of DCs from mouse iPS cells. Materials and Methods : To induce the differentiation of iPS cells into DCs, iPS-MEF-Ng-20D-17 cells were cultured under four-step conditions with GM-CSF. Then, iPS-derived cells were characterized by their morphology, cell surface phenotype, phagocytosis, and functions, including their capacities for antigen processing and T cell activation. Results : iPS-derived cells were irregular in shape with some protrusions and expressed CD11c, a DC marker. Upon stimulation with IL-4, TNF-a and LPS, iPS-derived cells highly expressed CD80, CD86, CD40 and MHC class II (I-A/I-E) during cellular maturation. Moreover, iPS-derived cells had the capacity for antigen processing and CD4 T cell activation. These iPS-derived cells were comparable to bone marrow cell-derived DCs in cell surface phenotype and their CD4 T cell-activating function. Conclusions : We demonstrated that iPS cells were capable of differentiating into functional DCs. The technology to generate functional DCs from iPS cells may be applicable to the development of DC-based treatments for a variety of diseases.
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  • Relationship between adverse drug reaction of oral corticosteroid therapy and background factors in systemic lupus erythematosus
    KENTAROU MINOWA, SHINJI MORIMOTO, YOSHINARI TAKASAKI, YOSHIHIRO TAMAYA ...
    2010 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 268-273
    Published: June 30, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.56.268
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    The adverse drug reactions of corticosteroids in 116 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were examined. Younger patients who received high-dose corticosteroids had a significantly higher incidence of hyperlipidemia than older patients who received low-dose corticosteroids. The incidence of aseptic bone necrosis (AN) was significantly higher in younger than older patients. Moreover, infectious disease had a significantly higher incidence with high-dose corticosteroids than in those who received low-dose corticosteroids. Patients having more than two lifestyle-related diseases as adverse drug reactions frequently had ischemic heart disease or cerebrovascular disease. Lifestyle-related diseases were frequently present in patients with metabolic syndrome. Thus, the possibility of lifestyle-related diseases as background factors should be considered in relation to adverse drug reactions to corticosteroids in SLE.
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  • A Case of Endometriosis in the Inguinal Region
    MICHITOSHI GOTO, SHUN ISHIYAMA, KIICHI SUGIMOTO, MASAKI HATA, MAKOTO T ...
    2010 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 274-278
    Published: June 30, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.56.274
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    A rare case of endometriosis in the inguinal region is reported. A 33-year-old unmarried, nulliparous woman presented with a chief complaint of a mass and pain in the left inguinal region. A 10-mm mass with tenderness was noted in the left inguinal region. The patient reported worsening conditions during menstruation. MRI demonstrated a 10-mm mass in the left inguinal region showing low signal intensity on T1-weighted image and high signal intensity on T2-weighted image. Surgery was performed under a diagnosis of inguinal mass with endometriosis. During surgery, a 10-mm mass was found near the external inguinal ring along the round ligament of the uterus. On pathological examination, the mass demonstrated the presence of endometrial tissue and was diagnosed as external endometriosis.
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