Juntendo Medical Journal
Online ISSN : 2188-2134
Print ISSN : 0022-6769
ISSN-L : 0022-6769
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Volume 44, Issue 2
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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Contents
  • Neuronal plasticity to sex hormones
    YASUMASA ARAI
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 128-135
    Published: September 28, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.44.128
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Sex steroids play an important role in regulating neuroendocrine and sexual behavior. These responses to sex steroids are primarily specific to the steroid receptor-containing neuronal system. The circuitries involved in neuroendocrine and behavioral functions are under the direct control of gonadal steroids throughout life. In perinatal animals, gonadal steroids affect brain sexual differentiation by regulating the number of target neurons, stimulating axonal and dendritic growth, modifying synaptic connectivity and maintaining neuronal survival. These steroidal actions in perinatal animals are organizational and irreversible, whereas they are activational in adult animals. Neuronal plasticity to gonadal steroids in the neuroendocrine brain is detectable at different sequences of the developmental process and after aging. At the synaptic level, some evidence suggests that estrogen prevents age-dependent decreases of synaptic density in certain neuronal groups, presumably by facilitating neuronal plasticity.
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  • How to make right recepts of social insurance medical fee
    KAZUO SHIMIZU
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 136-142
    Published: September 28, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.44.136
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Tinea pedis infection in swimming pools evidenced by DNA polymorphism of Trichophyton mentagrophytes
    TATSUYA KAMIHAMA
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 143-151
    Published: September 28, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.44.143
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Objective : It has been difficult to prove the route of infection of dermatophytes as their morphological and physiological properties are not well defined. This study was conducted to show evidence of Trichophyton mentagrophytes infection in swimming pools. Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay was used to compare DNA types of participants and non-participants in a swimming class and some primers adequate for RAPD assay for typing T. mentagrophytes, were determined. Materials and method : The total DNA extracted from T. mentagrophytes which was isolated from 52 swimming class participants and 29 non-swimming class participants was investigated by RAPD with 5 primers (O PE-01, O PE-04, O PE-07, O PE -14, OPE-15). Results : These pathogens were classified into three types (type I, type II, type III) using RAPD with two primers (OPE-14, OPE-15). There was a significant difference in the occurrence of the three types of pathogens between those swimming and those not. The most predominant type among those swimming was type III (52.7%), while type I (48.4%) predominated in the non-swimmers. Conclusions : In this study, I found that two primers were useful to classify the pathogens into three subtypes, and the predominancy or the occurency ratio by these assays for the swimming class participants was significantly different from that of the non-swimmers. The results showed that the route of infection of these pathogens which cause tinea pedis, comes through swimming pools. It is important to provide information and precautions for both swimming pool users and managers for the prevention of tinea pedis infection.
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  • Mapping of susceptibility loci for lupus nephritis
    --Sex difference in a SLE model of (NZW × BXSB) Fl mice--
    SANKI KODERA, AKINORI IDA, YOSHITOMO HAMANO, YASUHIKO TOMINO, SACHIKO ...
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 152-166
    Published: September 28, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.44.152
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    While it is known that the occurrence of lupus nephritis is controlled by multigenes, the role of each susceptibility gene has not been clarified. (NZW × BXSB Fl mice, a model of SLE, are unique, in that they spontaneously develop SLE in association with anti-phospholipid syndrome. The disease appears much earlier and is more severe in males, due to the involvement of a mutant Y chromosome-linked gene Yaa derived from BXSB. As non - BXSB strains carrying Yaa do not develop the disease, other disease susceptibility genes are apparently involved. In the present studies, we analyzed the chromosomal positions of BXSB alleles predisposing to lupus nephritis of (NZW × BXSB) Fl mice, by means of a genome-wide analysis with microsatellite-based chromosomal maps using NZW X (NZW × BXSB) Fl backcross mice. Analyses using female backcross mice lacking Yaa showed that a dominant allele located in the vicinity of the H-2 complex on chromosome 17 determines the trait and that an allele located in the centromeric portion on chromosome 7 modifies to increase the effect. On the other hand, analyses using male backcross mice carrying Yaa showed that the effect of H-2-linked allele is to a large extent reduced, and that additive effects of three independently functioning dominant alleles, one located in the telomeric portion on chromosome 7, one in the centromeric portion on chromosome 14, and one linked to H-2, predispose the severe lupus nephritis, under modification by the effect of Yaa. Thus, the epistatic effect of Yaa contributes to the disease by modifying other predisposing genetic elements which are either functioning or silent in Yaa-negative female mice. There were several potentially important candidate genes which may be relevant to the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis.
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  • Analysis of cell cycle check point and apoptosis induction in Ataxia Telangiectasia
    MASATOSHI TAKAGI
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 167-179
    Published: September 28, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.44.167
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Objective: Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by neurological and immunological diseases. AT is also characterized by cancer susceptibility including leukemia and lymphoma. In order to clarify the molecular basis for this cancer susceptibility in AT patients, DNA damage associated regulations of the cell cycle and apoptosis were investigated. Materials: EBV-transformed cell lines (EB-LCLs) were established from two AT patients with homozygous ATM gene (AT-mutated gene) mutation, and two carriers with heterozygous ATM mutation. They were studied for DNA-damage associated with the cell cycle and apoptosis control, and were compared with the results in EB-LCLs obtained from healthy individuals. Method: For the determination of acute phase apoptotic cell population, cells were fixed and stained by PI, and subjected to the calculation of subdiploid fraction by flow cytometry. The cell cycle status was studied according to the standard method by measuring DNA contents. For the reagents inducing DNA damage and/or apoptosis, X-irradiation, H2O2 and C2-ceramide were employed. Proteins involved in apoptosis and cell cycle regulation were analyzed by a standard western blotting. In vitro kinase assay was also used for the stress activated protein kinase/jun kinase (SAPK/JNK) activity involved in apoptosis induction. Radiation sensitivity of cells as determined by clonogenic cell survival activity was studied by the method described previously and compared with the results in apoptosis assay. Results: LCLs from AT patients (AT- LCLs) showed a reduced activity to accumulate tumor suppressor p53 protein in response to X-irradiation, and the subsequent p21Cip1/wAF1transactivation was also defective. These results were in accord with the failure in the control of G 1 /S check point in AT-LCLs. AT-LCLs were also characterized by a failure in mitotic/spindle checkpoint control after X-irradiation, the precise mechanism for which may require further investigation. While the radiation induced clonogenic cell survival activity of AT-LCLs was poorer than the control LCLs, they were significantly more resistant to acute onset apoptosis. Conclusion: Resistance to acute onset apoptosis with a low clonogenic activity and dysregulations of G1/S and mitotic checkpoints following DNA damage are the characteristic features of AT-LCLs. Further studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of these features in regard to the physiological function of ATM protein which is mutated in AT patients.
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  • Experimental study of the effect of splenectomy in colon cancer
    YOSHI MIKAMI
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 180-186
    Published: September 28, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.44.180
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Objective : The effect of splenectomy on a 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) -induced colon cancer model in rats was studied histopathologically and immunologically. Materials and methods : The animals were divided into 3 groups as follows, Group I; splenectomy 1 week before subcutaneous DMH injection, Group II; splenectomy simultaneous with DMH injection, Group III; splenectomy 5 weeks after DMH injection. Histopathologically, CD4, CD8 and Natural Killer (NK) activity was examined. Results : The incidence of cancer was 100% in all groups. The average number of tumors per rat was not significantly different between the groups. In the histological examination, large-size, over 5mm in diameter, tumors that advanced over the muscle layer, and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma demonstrated a significantly high incidence in Group III (p<0.05). In the immunological examination, NK activity at 1 week after splenectomy was significantly lower than before splenectomy (p<0.05), and was the lowest in Group III. Conclusions : Splenectomy before and simultaneously with DMH administration had little effect on tumor growth. However, tumor growth was enhanced by splenectomy 5 weeks after DMH injection.
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  • Endovascular treatment for basilar top aneurysm
    --Five experimental cases using mechanically detachable coils--
    YUO IIZUKA, HIDEKI TOMIYOSHI, TADAYUKI MAEHARA, HITOSHI KATAYAMA, TOYO ...
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 187-199
    Published: September 28, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.44.187
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Objective: Preliminary results using mechanically detachable coils (MDC) to treat basilar top aneurysms are reported. Material: The subjects were 3 females and 2 males. The most frequent presentation was subarachnoid hemorrhage in 4 patients. All patients were referred to us after neurosurgical assessment and their exclusion as candidates for aneurysm neck clipping procedures. Intervention: All treatments were performed using MDC under intubated general anesthesia. Measurement and Results: In the initial treatment, complete aneurysm occlusion was achieved in 2 patients, 85% occlusion in 2, and 90% occlusion in 1. Asymptomatic cerebral infarction caused by coil migration in the parent artery was recognized in 2 patients. The mean clinical follow-up period was 10.8 months. Regrowth of the remnant space which had escaped endovascular treatment was found 10 month after the initial treatment in 1 case. In this particular case, secondary treatment was undertaken endovascularly. The clinical-outcome of all 5 patients was excellent (100% in Karnofsky Performance Status). Conclusion: Clinically, the endovascular treatment of basilar top aneurysms revealed some disadvantages with the coils which indicated that further adjustments of mechanically detachable coils are necessary to improve treatment results. We consider this technique to be a reasonable alternative for patients who are not candidates for conventional surgical treatment, or for whom such treatment has failed. The follow-up period in this series was rather short, and further study with long-term follow-up is needed.
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