Juntendo Medical Journal
Online ISSN : 2188-2134
Print ISSN : 0022-6769
ISSN-L : 0022-6769
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Volume 37, Issue 3
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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Contents
  • A new method for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and the serovar determination using polymerase chain reaction and dot-blot hybridization
    JUICHI SAITOH, MASANORI AWAJI, HIROYUKI NISHIMURA, HIROMICHI TSURUI
    1991 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 416-424
    Published: November 20, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.37.416
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and dot-blot hybridization methods, we developed a new and simple method for the detection of chlamydial infections and the determination of 8 serovars (D to K) of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT). The major outer membrane proteins of CT include four variable domains (VDs) in which each serotypespecific determinant is expressed. To amplify the target DNA encoding the VD regions by PCR, we chose two oligonucleotide primers common to all serovars of CT and Chlamydia psittaci (CP). Using such primers, we could detect the target DNA (1050bp) from all 15 different serovars of CT and one CP. Chlamydia infection to mucosal cells of uterine cervix obtained from 94 untreated patients were examined simultaneously by the PCR method and EIA (ChlamydiazymeTM). The data showed that the PCR method is more sensitive than EIA. To determine 8 CT serovars, we constructed 7 types of DNA probes that can distinguish type-specific VD regions of CT. Using the dot-blot hybridization assay, each DNA probe was hybridized with PCR-amplified DNA fragments from 7 serovars of CT (D to I, and K), in such a manner as expected by the known VD sequences of CT, except for serovar J. Serovar J CT is now being examined for presence or absence of mutations. Thus, our new methods provide a simple, reliable diagnostic tool for Chlamydia infection.
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  • Histopathological study on gallbladder carcinoma
    --Histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical evaluations--
    SHU HIRAI
    1991 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 425-435
    Published: November 20, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.37.425
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Histopathological features of gallbladder carcinoma were examined histomorphometrically and immunohistochemically in 49 gallbladders with carcinoma and 20 gallbladders with chronic cholecystitis. Histomorphometrical study was carried out by digital measurement of the area of nucleus and nucleus/cytoplasm ratio (N/C) of carcinoma cells, mucosal epithelium cells around carcinoma, and proper mucosal epithelium cells of the gallbladder. Immunohistochemical stains on three types of tumor markers, including CEA, CA 19-9 and Du-Pan 2, were also done on the cells made into histochemical preparations. Area of nucleus and N/C of the carcinoma cells were significantly larger than those of the cells in the other two control areas. The immunohistochemical preparation of CEA was the most reliable for staining carcinoma cells of the gallbladder carcinoma. In addition, the incidence of L-type positive stained cells in the CEA-positive preparations was relatively low, which was not false positive in every case. On the contrary, CA 19-9 and Du-Pan 2 was positive not only in the carcinoma cells but also in the cells of the other two regions. None of the L-type positives in these two tumor marker stainings were few false positives. The area of the nucleus of the CA 19- 9 positive stained cells was significantly larger than the CA 19-9 negatively stained cells. This suggested that the production of CA 19-9 in these cells was more closely related to the cellular atypism.
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  • Two-way roentgenographical study on the alignment of the lower extremities
    HIROSHI HAMADA
    1991 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 436-447
    Published: November 20, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.37.436
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The alignment of the lower extremities is usually examined by one-dimensional analysis (frontal view or horizontal view), but analysis by saggital view has not been reported. Two-way roentgenographical study should be performed to examine a solid. The alignment of the lower extremities in controls (280 Japanese people between 15 and 85 years old) were measured and studied using two-way roentgenography on a one-leg standing position, and compared with that of 40 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee (varus type). Results : 1) A decision on the femoro-tibial angle and the deviation of the mechanical axis were induced by both femoral and tibial factors. 2) The risk factors of osteoarthritis of the knee (varus type) were under the infuluence of the extension lack, the lateroversion of the femur, and the deviation of the femur-axis and the tibia-axis.
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  • Production of leukotriene in the isolated rat heart
    YASUMASA FUJIWARA
    1991 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 448-455
    Published: November 20, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.37.448
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The production of leukotrienes and their orignal cellular species were investigated using isolated bufferperfused rat hearts. By administration of A23187, a calcium ionophore, the production of leukotriene B4 and C4 increased significantly, reached the maximum level at 10 min, and then gradually decreased. The total amounts of leukotrienes produced during the 30 min were 39.1±8.0and 143.5 ± 18.4ng/g heart for leukotriene B4 and C4, respectively. The A23187-induced production of leukotrienes was dependent on the extracellular calcium concentration and was significantly suppressed by AA861, a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, which indicates that the calcium influx triggers the prodution of leukotrienes via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. On the other hand, myocardial calcium-overload induced by caffeine administration and calcium paradox did not increase the leukotriene production, which suggests that myocardial cells are not involved in the leukotriene production. The presence of mast cells in the perivascular area of the heart was histologically observed. Furthermore, cromolyn, a suppressive agent of mast cells, significantly suppressed the cardiac leukotriene production. These findings suggest that mast cells and the origin of leukotrienes produced by isolated heart.
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  • Trigeminal neuralgia caused by brain tumor : Its clinical significance and etiological analysis
    SHINICHIRO MIYAZAKI
    1991 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 456-468
    Published: November 20, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.37.456
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In recent years the neurovascular compression mechanism is accepted for explaining the etiology of trigeminal neuralgia, and suboccipital microvascular decompression surgery has been established as a radical and drastic treatment of this annoying facial disorder. This surgical procedure was performed in 1826 cases during a period of 12 years. Among them, 168 (9.2%) complained of trigeminal neuralgia caused by brain tumor. They included 89 epidermoids, 42 meningiomas, 28 acoustic neurinomas, and 6 trigeminal neurinomas. The other three cases were dermoid cyst, lipoma, and pons glioma. Thirty seven cases (22%) of brain tumors revealed normal appearance on enhanced CT, and the tumor was found compressing the trigeminal nerve when a suboccipital opening was made aiming at microvascular decompression. Surgery revealed a close relationship between tumor and trigeminal nerve root. In epidermoid cases the nerve root was encased rather than distorted by the tumor. The pain was most likely to be caused by this encasement, and probably by chemical irritation from the tumor tissue. A concomitant finding of neurovascular compression was rere (7.9 %) in this tumor group. In the cases of meningioma, the tumor either encased or distorted the trigeminal nerve root, thus causing atrophic and degenerative change of the nerve. Involvement of the Meckel's cave was frequently observed in meningioma cases (77%). In this situation the trigeminal ganglion was also compressed, which resulted in atrophic and degenerative alteration. Neurovascular compression was present in 30%. In acoustic neurinoma a more profound compression was brought about. The nerve root was distorted rostrally by the tumor and there was an associated feature of counter neurovascular compression which was induced by the rostrally displaced superior cerebellar artery. This occurred in 70% of the cases. In the case of trigeminal neurinoma a small tumor at the root portion was the cause of tic douloureux. Large tumors or tumor originating from the part peripheral to the ganglion did not produce such a symptom. Lipoma, dermoid cyst and pons glioma were rare and adhesion of the tumor to the nerve root was verified. These observations and analysis of the nerve root alterations in each tumor group indicate, that the compression, whatever the pathology, either tumor or elongated artery, brought about the demyelination of the trigeminal nerve root, and the process is the cause of trigeminal neuralgia.
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