Juntendo Medical Journal
Online ISSN : 2188-2134
Print ISSN : 0022-6769
ISSN-L : 0022-6769
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Volume 30, Issue 2
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Contents
  • The Effects of Human C-reactive Protein on the Antibody Response to Pneumococcal C-polysaccharide
    SHUEI NAKAYAMA
    1984 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 156-161
    Published: June 10, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.30.156
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute serum protein that binds to the cell wall C-polysacchride of Streptococcus pneumoniae (CPS). I have previously shown that CRP treatment of mice alters splenic and hepatic clearance of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 (Pn 3) and increases resistance to fatal pneumococcal infection. In this study, the effects of CRP on the antibody response to CPS were examined. Mice were immunized by i. v. injection of formalinized Pn 3, and the antibody response to CPS measured as serum hemagglutinating antibody. Administration of 200 μg of CRP per mouse i. v. 30 minutes prior to immunization reduced the antibody response to CPS. Inhibition was observed on Days 3 through 10. CRP was inhibitory at a minimun dose of 50 μg per mouse. To determine whether the effects of CRP were related to altered processing of particulate antigen, mice were immunized with horse erythrocytes (HE) coated with CPS and the antibody response to CPS and HE determined. CRP treatment inhibited the antibody response to CPS without affecting the response to HE. These results suggested that CRP binding to antigenic determinants on bacterial surfaces may prevent effective immunization by these determinants.
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  • Histopathological Study on the Heart of Diabetes Mellitus
    -With a Special Reference to the Diabetic Myocardial Disease-
    MITSURU SHIMIZU
    1984 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 162-177
    Published: June 10, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.30.162
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In order to clarify the pathological features of cardiac involvement in diabetes mellitus, 60 autopsied hearts with overt diabetes of adult onset were macro- and microscopically examined. The materials consisted of 46 males and 14 females ranging in age from 37 to 83, with a mean of 65 ±10 years. Thirty age-and sex-matched nondiabetic subjects including 20 normotensives and 10 hypertensives were selected for the control group. After careful checking of clinical protocols and measurement of heart weight, ventricular size and grade of coronary sclerosis, the diabetic group was further divided into 21 cases with free of coronary stenosis, 12 with onevessel disease, 12 with two-vessel disease, 15 with three-vessel disease, 40 with normal blood pressure, 20 with hypertension, 45 without congestive heart failure, 5 with congestive heart failure of unknown origin, 20 with normal ECG and 16 with abnormal ECG. Several blocks per heart taken from a cross section of both ventricles at the median portion were embedded in paraffin, thin-sectioned at 7 micra and stained with the H-E, azan, elastica-van Gieson and PAS methods for light microscopic observation. Cases of myocardial fibrosis were divided into the perimysial, perivascular and focal fibrosis types. Among them, area % of the perimysial fibrosis was quantitatively estimated using an automatic image processer, and the others were estimated by a simple four-grade scoring system. In addition, the narrowing rate of the intramural small arteries was semiquantitatively measured. Diabetic renal lesions were also classified into none, mild, moderate and severe, for comparision with myocardial lesions. The significance of the results was tested by Student's t method. The grade of coronary sclerosis was more advanced in the diabetics under the most powerful influence of hypertension. In the diabetics, deposition of PAS-positive material in the subendothelial layers of the intramural small arteries was conspicuous, but this produced no significant luminal narrowing. All types of myocardial fibrosis were more marked in the diabetics, but most of them had a close relation with coronary sclerosis and/or hypertension. Only the perimysial fibrosis was significantly increased in the diabetics, with no influence of other factors except the fasting blood sugar level, which had a gross positive correlation with the fibrosis. The perimysial fibrosis, if advanced, could induce depletion of diastolic compliance of the myocardium corresponding to diabetic myocardial disease in the clinical sense, and a suggestion of its pathogenesis was made from the abnormal metabolism of the myocardium and connective tissue related to diabetes and/or increased permeability of the small vessels with subendothelial PAS-positive deposition.
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  • Histopathological Study on the Auerbach's Plexus of the Congenital Aganglionosis Rat
    MASATO NAGAHAMA
    1984 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 178-195
    Published: June 10, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.30.178
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    A mutant strain of rats, the congenital aganglionosis rat (Spotting Lethal), was originally described by Ikadai as showing a congenital aganglionic bowel. Thus, this mutant seemed to be a proper model of Hirschsprung's disease in man. In the present study, the whole bowel of this mutant from the duodenum to the rectum was examined using acetylcholinesterase and immunohistochemical staining for tyrosine hydroxylase and substance P in whole mount preparation, routine staining in sectioned preparation, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. All examined mutant rats had a constricted bowel region following a dilated bowel region. In 33 cases, the constricted segments extended from the rectum to the distal ileum; in three cases, from the rectum to the middle colon. In controls, the Auerbach's plexus appeared as a meshwork consisting of ganglion strands and internodal strands, showing a rather regular ladder-like pattern from the duodenum to the rectum. The Auerbach's plexus of mutants was very different from that of controls, showing conspicuous regional differences. Even in the duodemun, which appeared to be normal macroscopically, the Auerbach's plexus showed an irregular pattern, the meshes varying greatly in size and shape. Ganglion strands were shorter than in controls. The plexus in the enlarged segment gradually decreased in density, finally disappearing above the proximal terminal of the constricted segment. In some areas below this transition, that is, the anal portion of the enlarged segment and the oral portion of the constricted segment in 33 cases (long constricted segment type only), there were few nerve fibers and no ganglion cells. In the distal part of the upper colon, some fine nerve bundles appeared to run irregularly. These nerve bundles gradually increased in number and mixed with thicker nerve bundles in the lower portion of the colon. Finally, at the rectum, nerve bundles of verious sizes interlaced irregularly with one another to make a kind of network. However, this network was free from ganglion cells.
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  • CYCLIC AMP DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE IN THE HUMAN PLACENTA
    TOSHIAKI SAGESAKA, TERUAKI OKUYAMA
    1984 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 196-206
    Published: June 10, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.30.196
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The purpose of this report is to present data on c-AMP dependent protein kinase activity in the human placenta which is considered to be related to the process of fetal growth. The c-AMP dependent protein kinase activity in fresh human placental chorionic tissues obtained at each gestational trimester was measured with c-AMP concentration, RNA and DNA concentrations and aromatizing enzyme activity. The results are as follows: 1. The specific activities of c-AMP dependent protein kinase (p moles ATP / mg protein/minute) in the human placental chorionic tissues were 44.67±5.29, 45.24±9.13 and 34.19±4.95 in the first, second and third trimesters, respectively. 2. The c-AMP concentrations in the human placental chorionic tissues in each trimester showed 56.45±9.26, 59.90±15.51 and 22.54±4.59 p moles/mg protein, respectively. 3. RNA concentrations (mg/g wet tissue) in the human placental chorionic tissues in each trimester were 2.48±0.20, 2.57±0.58 and 2.63±0.42, respectively; the corresponding figures fo rDNA were 1.62±0.34, 2.49±0.34 and 2.92±0.45. The RNA/DNA ratio was 1.61±0.10, 1.08±0.17 and 0.89±0.15, respectively. 4. Aromatizing enzyme activities (products n moles/flask/30minutes) in the human placental chorionic tissues in each trimester were 2.75±0.70, 3.40±0.11 and 4.86±0.85, respectively, in its total homogenate with nuclei involved, and 1.16±0.30, 0.90±0.33 and 1.80±0.70, respectively, in cell-free homogenate without nuclei. From these results, it is considered that each placental chorionic cell augments its function in the tissue as necessary, although it becomes smaller, reducing the weight with the process of pregnancy. Furthermore, it is suggested that the c-AMP-c-AMP dependent protein kinase system may play an important role in control of active transport of materials and protein metabolism.
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