Juntendo Medical Journal
Online ISSN : 2188-2134
Print ISSN : 0022-6769
ISSN-L : 0022-6769
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Volume 23, Issue 2
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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  • Biochemical Composition of Glomerular Basement Membrane in Normal and Experimental Nephrotic Rats
    NOBORU SOEDA
    1977 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 192-209
    Published: June 10, 1977
    Released on J-STAGE: November 22, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.23.192
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Alterations of the biochemical composition were studied in glomerular basement membrane (GBM) which were isolated from normal and experimental nephrotic rats. Experimental nephrotic syndrome was induced by intravenous injection of daunomycin or nephrotoxic serum obtained from rabbits. Preparation of GBM was obtained by sonication of isolated glomeruli using various stainless steel sieves. The purity of the GBM preparations was 98-100% in the test by a phase contrast microscopy. Immune complexes on the GBM were removed by incubation in 0.02M citrate buffer at pH 3.2. Amino acids of GBM were analysed by JLC-5AH automatic amino acid analyser after hydrolysis. Amino sugars were analysed by KLA-5 automatic amino acid analyser, using eluate of 0.5M sodium citrate buffer at pH 6.09 with 8 % methanol. For the determination of carbohydrate, gas chromatography, Perkin Elmer Model 900B and Shimazu GC-4BM PFE, was used. The kidney of daunomycin induced nephrotic rats (DMN rat) showed microscopically minimal changes and the kidney of nephrotoxic serum induced nephritic rats (NTN rat) showed slightly proliferative change with local thickening of GBM. The GBM of normal rats contained quantitatively less hydroxyproline, proline, glycine, alanine, lysine and arginine, and more aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, hydroxylysine, histidine and half-cystine than in bovine tendon collagen (BTC). In the GBM of normal rats, however, increases in hydroxyproline/proline ratio and hydroxylysine/lysine ratio were demonstrated. It might suggest the active hydroxylation of proline and lysine in normal GBM. Normal GBM contained carbohydrate in 8%. In the GBM of DMN rats, a decrease in the amount of 4-hydroxyproline, glycine, methionine and hydroxylysine, and increase in the contens of serine, glutamic acid, valine, leucine and arginine were detected. Among carbohydrate compositions in the GBM of DMN rats, only N-acetyl glucosamine was increased in amount. However, no changes were found in total amount of carbohydrates. On the other hand, in the GBM of NTN rats, a significant decrease in the amount of 4-hydroxyproline, glycine, isoleucine and half-cystine, and a significant increase in the contents of aspartic acid, alanine, leucine, tyrosine, hydroxylysine and lysine were demonstrated. In carbohydrate compositions, fucose, N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine were decreased in amount, and N-acetylneuraminic acid was significantly increased. However, no changes were noted in total carbohydrates.
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  • Studies on Cyclic Nucleotides in Clinical and Experimental Renal Failure
    HIROMICHI YAMAZAKI
    1977 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 210-229
    Published: June 10, 1977
    Released on J-STAGE: November 22, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.23.210
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In order to elucidate the changes of cyclic nucleotides in renal failure, the concentrations of adenosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate (cGMP) in plasma and urine were determined by competitive protein binding assay and radioimmunoassay method respectively in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and in experimental animals with acute renal failure (ARF) induced by uranyl acetate injection. The relationship between these cyclic nucleotides levels and peptide hormones (glucagon and parathyroid hormone : PTH) was also investigated. The results obtained were as follows : 1. In CRF patients, plasma cAMP and cGMP levels were higher than those in normal subjects. 2. In CRF patients, the urinary excretion and renal clearance of cyclic nucleotides were decreased. 3. In dialyzed patients, plasma glucagon level was significantly increased, compared with that in normal subjects. 4. Plasma cAMP level was also significantly correlated with plasma levels of glucagon. On the contrary, the correlation with plasma PTH levels was not observed. 5. Plasma cGMP level was significantly correlated with mean blood pressure in dialyzed patients. The experimental results on ARF rabbits showed the same tendency in the plama concentrations, renal clearances of cyclic nucleotides and plasma glucagon levels. Plasma levels of cAMP showed significant correlation with its glucagon levels. In the analysis of tissue concentration of cyclic nucleotides, significant decrease of cAMP in the renal cortex and increase of cGMP in the liver were noted. It is concluded that the impairment of renal function and alteration of plasma peptide hormones appear to have influences on the elevated plasma levels of cyclic nucleotides in renal failure.
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  • A Study on Thickening of the Acetobular Floor in Congenital Dislocation of the Hip Joint
    HIDEO KONNO
    1977 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 230-251
    Published: June 10, 1977
    Released on J-STAGE: November 22, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.23.230
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    At the preaent time diagnosis and treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip joint have achieved a remarkable progress. However the management of refractory cases is still remained as a serious problem. In refractory cases causes of the difficulties in management should be elucidated and then adequate measurement should be done. In the present study the acetabular floor in severe cases was roentgenologically measured and histologically investigated in cases in in which surgical treatment was required. The following results were obtained. Measurements in roentgenograms showed that the acetabular floor was frequently more thickened on the dislocated side than on the normal side. This finding coincided with actually meaeued values in operation. The cases with shallower acetabulum more frequently required some surgical treatment on an overall basis. According to the shape of the acetabulum the course after operation was most favorable in the angular concave type, followed by the angular flat type. The cases having rounded convex type, or totally defective convex acetabulum to be intractable to treatment. Although on definitive treatment is actually aveilable, early diagnosis, of course, is of therapeutic importance, because the acetabular floor becomes thickened with age. The significant histopathological findings of the acetabular floor in this disease include proliferation of the fibrous tissue and changes in the cartilaginous tissue. The proliferation of the fibrous tissue seems to be not primary but secondary in nature. Histological examination of the thickened portion of the acetabular floor unusually thin layers of cells with distinct irregularity of cellular arrangement. There was also evidence of suppressed proliferatian of cells in the collumnar layer and in this situation proliferation of chondrocytes, whether primary or secondary, were quite unlikely to occur. It might beconsidered that these changes, with secondary proliferation of connective tissue in the acetabular floor, led to hypoplasia of the hip joint.
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  • Studies on Human and Rabbit Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
    -Isolation and Comparison of their Properties-
    KENJI TAKAMORI
    1977 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 252-261
    Published: June 10, 1977
    Released on J-STAGE: November 22, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.23.252
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The methods to isolate polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in good yield from human venous blood, rabbit arterial blood and rabbit peritoneal exudates were studied, and the properties of PMNs obtained were investigated. 1. The leukocyte preparations from human venous blood contained in PMNs 93-96 per cent, the yield of cells was 40-60 per cent and the viability of cells was 95-98 per cent. The preparationns from rabbit peritoneal exudates contained in PMNs 93-97 per cent and the viability of cells was 84-90 per cent. 2-8 × 108 PMNs were obtained from a rabbit weighing 2.5-3.0 kg. 2. Tris buffer solution used as a cell suspension medium caused leukocytes clumping whereas this clumping was completely avoided by using phosphate buffered saline solution. 3. Human PMNs were more stable than rabbit PMNs for mechanical stimuli, judging from the trypan blue exclusion test and the release of lactate dehydrogenase into extracellular medium. 4.β-Glucuronidase, peroxidase, lysozyme and lactate dehydrogenase contents were nearly equal between hnman and rabbit PMNs. On the other hand, acid phosphatase activity in human PMNs was about 12 times higher than that in rabbit PMNs, whereas in the activity of alkaline phosphatase rabbit PMNs showed 6-fold higher than human PMNs. However, the total activity of phosphases, namely the sum of acid and alkaline phosphatases, was the same. 5. No differences in the membrane stability and enzyme contents were observed between PMNs obtained from rabbit arterial blood and peritoneal exudates.
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