Juntendo Medical Journal
Online ISSN : 2188-2134
Print ISSN : 0022-6769
ISSN-L : 0022-6769
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Volume 44, Issue 4
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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Contents
  • Antibody responses against variant influenza A or B strains in healthy adults who received inactivated influenza vaccine
    HIDEAKI KUMIHASHI
    1999 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 401-409
    Published: March 10, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.44.401
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Objective : We investigated antibody responses against variant influenza A or B strains in healthy adults who received inactivated influenza vaccine. Materials and Methods : The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody responses in healthy adults who received inactivated influenza vaccine to the vaccine strain were compared with the vaccine strain the next year which is usually the epidemic strain from the winter of that year. The HI titers against the vaccine strain and the next year vaccine strain were measured in subjects who received the vaccine twice in a epidemic season in 1987, 1988, 1992, 1993 and 1996, respectively. Results : The geometric mean HI titers against the vaccine strain and the next year vaccine strain were significantly increased. The percentages of subjects with HI titers?1 : 64 against the vaccine strain were 90.0 % to 100 % and those against the next year vaccine strain were 27.3 % or 79.1 %. On the other hand, the mean HI antibody titers after vaccination in subjects who did not receive the vaccine the previous year were higher than those of the vaccination group in the previous year. Conclusions: We observed marked HI antibody responses against not only the vaccine strains but also the next year vaccine strains of inactivated influenza vaccine. These results require further investigation of vaccination with inactivated influenza vaccine.
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  • The clinical effect of Vitamin E coated dialyzer (Clirans® EE)
    HIROYUKI TAKIZAWA, TOMIO SATOH, ARAKI TANAKA, YUTAKA YAGUCHI, MITSUMIN ...
    1999 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 410-414
    Published: March 10, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.44.410
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Objective : It is generally considered that continuous contact between peripheral blood and the dialysis membrane induces production of oxygen free radicals in long-term hemodialysis patients. We evaluated the clinical effects of Vitamin E coated dialyzer, Clirans ® EE. Patients and Methods: Methylguanidine and complement (C3a) in the peripheral blood were determined before and after 12 months of hemodialysis using Clirans ® EE in stable patients. The degree of itching and residual blood in the dialyzer were also evaluated at the same time. Results: It was demonstrated that dialysis using Clirans ® EE was effective in reducing the levels of methylguanidine, C3a and residual blood in the dialyzer. Conclusions: Clirans ® EE may inhibit free radical activity and may be useful for hemodialysis patients.
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  • Histological examination of the neobladder mucosa following sigmoid-colocystoplasty
    KIMIE IWASHITA, ATSUYUKI YAMATAKA, ARATA MORIOKA, HIROYUKI KOBAYASHI, ...
    1999 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 415-422
    Published: March 10, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.44.415
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Background: Reports of malignant change in the neobladder post-colocystoplasty on medium-to long-term follow-up have become more frequent in recent years. Materials and methods: In this study, 100 cases of colocystoplasty (average age at surgery 10.6 years) performed by the authors were investigated for the presence of dysplasia or malignant change in the mucosa of the neobladder by histopathological examination of biopsy specimens obtained routinely as part of postoperative follow-up. Results: Metaplasia was found in 5 cases and hyperplasia in 2. However, neither dysplasia nor malignant changes were identified in any case. Overall, there were no major differences found on H-E and PCNA staining of specimens obtained after different periods of follow-up; short-term (less than 5 years postoperatively; n=44); mediumterm (5-10 years postoperatively; n=48); long-term (more than 10 years postoperatively; n=8). PCNA staining was significantly more intense in specimens from subjects who did not continue to perform bladder irrigations (BI) and in subjects who had bladder stones than in subjects who continued to perform BI and in subjects who did not have stones. Conclusions : Colocystoplastic subjects are strongly advised to continue to perform BI after surgery. Subjects with bladder stones should have a cystoscopy plus biopsy and histopathology at least once a year.
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  • Factors that influence a woman's choice to marry and give birth
    -based on a survey of attitudes toward marriage, birth, child rearing, care of the elderly, and employment-
    JYUNKI HO, RYUZABURO SATO, TAKASHI MUTO
    1999 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 423-433
    Published: March 10, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.44.423
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate factors that discourage women from marrying and to examine the relationship between background factors and the decision to remain unmarried based on a cross-sectional survey. Materials : Of 859 unmarried women at five universities or vocational colleges and five companies in Tokyo, 666 (77.5%) responded to the survey. Method : The questionnaire was delivered to respondents through school and company staff, and filled out and mailed back by the respondents themselves. We proposed that the following five conditions may discourage women from marrying; (1) a woman must perform most of the housework after marriage; (2) a woman must quit her job upon marriage; (3) a woman must quit her job for birth and childcare; (4) a woman must live with her husband's parents; (5) a woman must care for her husband's parents at home. Cross tabulation and chi-square tests were conducted using the statistical package SAS. Results : 1. The proportion of respondents who considered conditions (4) and (5) to be serious obstacles to marriage was the highest. The proportion who considered conditions (2), (3) and (5) serious obstacles to marriage differed between students and workers. The proportion of women workers who considered condition (5) a serious obstacle to marriage was high. 2. The higher the age of respondents, the more respondents considered all five conditions to be serious obstacles to marriage. This tendency was marked for workers. 3. A significant association was found between the attitude toward conditions (2) and (3) and the students' mothers' lives, and also between the attitude toward conditions (4) and (5) and the workers' mothers' lives. Conclusion : 1. The problem of caring for her husband's parents at home was one of the most serious obstacles concerning marriage for older workers in particular. 2. It was found that as the age of women increased, more unmarried women considered the burden of housework, job interruption, living together with the husband's parents, and care of the husband's parents to be serious obstacles to marriage. 3. It appears that the mother's life influenced the degree to which an unmarried woman student considered job interruption due to marriage and birth to be an obstacle to marriage, as well as the degree to which a women worker considered caring for her husband's parents at home to be an obstacle to marriage.
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  • The functions and roles of primary care physicians to prevent bedridden conditions in elderly people
    -Investigation by questionnaire and interviews-
    HIROYUKI WAKAMATSU
    1999 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 434-447
    Published: March 10, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.44.434
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Objective : The functions and roles of primary care physicians to prevent bedridden conditions in elderly patients were evaluated to establish practical guidelines concerning this problem. Participants : The investigation was performed by distributing questionnaires to 133 primary care physicians registered in the “Campaign to Promote Function of Primary Care Physicians”. In addition, of 97 patients sampled from a survey of patient records, 19 patients were receiving care from physicians in a clinic when they became bedridden. Interviews were conducted with 15 physicians who were taking care of these patients. Methods : Questionnaires were sent by mail. Bedridden elderly patients (Ranks B and C; Bedridden Criteria for Disabled Elderly Patients; The standards of the Ministry of Health and Welfare) were selected from patient records, and the physicians in charge were identified as those taking care of the patients when they became bedridden. The physicians were interviewed at their clinics. Results : Replies to the questionnaire were obtained from 80 of the 133 physicians to whom a questionnaire was mailed (reply ratio 60%). Among them, 53 physicians (68%) replied that they had been taking care of bedridden patients in home care during the investigation period. Among 46 physicians who replied that they visited patients at least once in two weeks, 18 of the physicians were 70 years of age or older (39%). Three major social resources mentioned by the primary care physicians were as follows : home help services, visiting care nurse and community-based rehabilitation. When classified by the occupation and organization, public health nurses, social workers and visiting nurse stations were referred to most frequently. Among 97 bedridden elderly patients selected from the records in the visiting nurse station and the health-welfare centers, about 79% were receiving home care based in clinics. Among those elderly who were already receiving care when they became bedridden, about 78% were in hospitals. Conclusion : Concerning the role of primary care physicians to prevent bedridden conditions in the elderly, in addition to providing health check ups, referring the patients to social resources such as welfare services at home was important when a high risk of becoming bedridden was observed. Therefore coordinating functions and roles between community medicine and community health & welfare is necessary to prevent and provide care to bedridden elderly people.
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