Reported herein is the introduction of a method devised by the author which simply enables to estimate the grade of disability of silicotic patients on the spot by utilizing oximeter. Dead-space adding test and step-up test were selected as means of load. Timely obseuvation of arterial oxygen saturation was made by oximeter, then “r-index method” utilizing coefficient of correlation was used and the statistical consideration was made. 1. Under either load, significant diffeuences exited between normal and silicotic groups (P<0.01). 2. By dead-spacc-adding test, S_I was significantly greater than S_I (P<0.05). 3. By step-up test, statistical differences were revealed between normal and silicotic groups but no significant differences were observed between each grade of silicosis. 4. The fact that the oximeteu-rate by dead-space-adding test showed more marked diffeuences with normal groups as the grade of silicosis progresses in x-ray images than the rate by step-up test, may suggest that the former provides more sound basis in estimating the grade of disability by silicosis. 5.When the oximeter-rate are classified by the grade of condition by x-ray using the classification method proposed by Yamamoto, Miyazaki et al, it was recognized the worse the grade of conditions progresses, the lower the labor capacity becomes.

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For the purpose of estimating the grade of disability of silicotics, the author analyzed the behavior of pulse, blood pressure, vital capacity, maximum breathing capacity, and breathing reserve index under the two kinds of perfo mance tests (Step-Up test and Increased dead space test). These methods have been used as the tests for cardio-pulmnoary function in practical field, but the reliability and v lidlity of three methods have not statistically been studied enough. The purpose of these stu ies is to clarify these relations and to investigate the chracters of these methods as a screening test. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1) As to vital capacity and M.B.C., the value of sil cotic groups is significantly lower than the normol groups (α=0.05), and there are statistical differences between S_I and S_III (S_I>S_III, α=0.05). 2) Regarding the variation of tidal volume and puls-rate, there was no statistic 1 differences be ween normal and silicotc groups under the said experimental condition. 3) On the Variation of blood pressure, the difference between normal and Sgrade of silicotic was statistccally significant in the test of Step-Up. 4) About B.R. I. no difference was observed among each grade of sclicosis. 5) The method of vital capacity and M.B.C. can be employed as screening methods to estimate the grade of silicotics, while the other methods tried in this experiment proved little value for this purpose.

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Comparative Studies were made on the treatment of Japanese B-encephalitis by the new antiviral drug, PANS No.610-TW, and others. 1. By using dosage (6-8mg/kg/day) and according to frequency (twice a day, intravenously), it was found that, although the PANS did not prevent death and sequelae, it might be presu n ed that it delayed the time of death. 2. In the healed cases, it was supposed, that it partly promoted the healing of the disease and shortened the suffering period. 3. By using this drug, no remarkable by-effect was observed in our experiments. 4. Results obtained were concluded that increasing the dose and the frequency of administration should lead to better effects on the treatment of Japanese B-Encephalitis.

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By the cultivation method by filtration paper, the same as applied for rearing of larvae of hookworms, Strongyloides could be reared and detected easily from the feces in which few larval Strongyloides and many eggs of Ancylostma duodenale existed together. It was shown that the short period of cultivation, 3 days at 28°C, was enough for detecing Strongyloides, because after the 4th day the larvae of hookworms apoeared in a great number. Adult worms could be obtained from the paper, when it was put in a Petri dish, in which warm water 40°C. had been poured. After 30 minutes many males and females appeared in clear water. In order to observe the time occurrences in culture media and morphological charactristics of each stage of Strongyloides, larvae was cultivated in feces which was emulsified in water, strained through a fine screen to exclude the gredients and centrifuged. In this culture medium at 20°C, rhabditoid larvae grew up to filariform larvae or males after 2 days, and to females after 3 days. However males appeared in few number during only 2 days. The morphological charactristics of all free-living stages were illustrated in Figs.1 and 2. For the fine descriptions of them and the further studies on comparisons of them with rela' ed genuses and species, the position of main structures of worms were presented by two formulas, the distances from the head to each organ and the percentage of them by the body length as in Table 3, 4, 5.

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§Preface: The Inion is one of the most important points in the craniology. But the way of its settling is not yet fixed. Some authors settle it on the surface and even on fairly upper part of the external occipital protuberance, and some others, below the protuberance and still others, on the apex of it. The way of settling this important point is not fixed because the difinition of the inion has not been setlled, and is due to the ignorance of anatomical relations of things in this part. Oppenheim proposed in his “Ein Beitrag zur exakten Bestimmung des Inion” (Arch. Anthr., 1910), to settle the inoin “auf der Mitte des Tuberculum linearum bzw. auf eine an der Stelle derselben auftretender Rauigkeit bzw. auf die Vereinigung der Protuberantia occipitalis externa mit dem Tuberculum linearum” This proposal seems to have no meaning. First, what is meant by “Mitte des Tuberculum linearum” ? Second, “die Vereinigung der Protuberantia occipitalis externa mit dem Tuberculum linearum” is very rarely seen. Moreover, this definition cannot decide a definite point as Inion. Martin agreed with Oppenheim and followed him in his “Lehrbuch der Anthropologie, 1928” and added that the situation of internel occipital protuberance is not to be regarded in settling the inion. I cannot agree with Martin, and find no reasod why the internal occipital protuberance must not be regarded in settling the inion. I believe that the inion must be defined and determined only in its relation to the endinion. The reasons are: first, the inion devides the calvarium from basis cranii ; second, the ratio between the calvarium and basis cranii suggests the ratio of development of great brain to other parts of brain ; third, the endinion is the deviding mark of cerebral and cerebellar parts on the interior surface of the skull. §Method of study: -From these points of view, I examined several points above and bellow the protuberance, regarding their relations to the endinion. Each occipital bone examined was sawed off in median-sagittal plane, namely in the plane which passes through approximately the following three points, o (opisthion), tl (the gravity centre of Tuberculum linearum) and pt (the lowest point of outer border of external occipital protuberance), perpendicularly to the surface of the bone, paying attention to the protuberance or the tuberculum linearum and opisthion. Putting it on a paper, the out line of this disected 'plane is drawn as carfully as possible, and the points o, pt, lns and tl are marked on it (cf. Fig. 1). The point tc is endinion, the point where the connecting line of both sides middle line of sulcus transversus is cut by the median-sagittal plane; the lns is the point where the tanget of the linea nuchae suprema on both sides is cut by the median-sagittal plane. If these points are not found on the median-sagittal plane, perpendicular lines are drawn from these points to the plane, and their feet are marked on the bone and the picture. Moreover, on the picture are drawn lines from o to both pt and tc, and to these are drawn perpendicular lines from these points tc, pt lns and tl. On each line (or plane) o-tc and o-pt the distances from tc to the feet of other three points were measured in mm. and treated statistically. If the feet of the perpendicular lines fall above the tc, they are desighnated as +, if below, as -. § Results of study: -The results are shown in Table 1 Amoung them, the underlined are omitted from the statstical calculation, as they are very rare ones. (risk of error is lower than 5%). First, I thought that there are some differences according to the differences of appearance of bone surface and classified all material into 5 groups. Group I includes the cases having the torus occipitalis transversus. Group II ; the protuberance is prominent and protruded or elongated downwards. Group III ; the linea nuchae suprema is clearly developed.

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Edidemiological surveys based on interviews, fecal examinations, and field surveys on 387 inhabitants and 112 households selected by stratified sampling methcd thoughout Shizuka-Mura, one of model villages for sanitation in Saitama Prefecture, were carried out during last 10 days of August, 1956. The results obtained by these surveys are as follows : 1. Infected rate obtained by simple smear and AMS methods are rather lower than rural standard (Ascaris 13.70%, Trichocephalus 3.88%, Hook worm 19.64%, Trichostrongylus 0.26% and Clonorchis 3.62%) 2. Members of 64% of households took anthelmintics during past six months. Most of them are Santonin. 3. Low rate of infection is mainly observed in round worm carrier, but hook worm and Clonorchis carriers. This fact seems to be caused by Santonin taken as anthelmintics, so that new control methods or education for hook worm and Clonorchis should be carried out. 4. Epidemiological characteristics of each Helminths, especially of hook worm were studied. The fact that high rates of hook worm carriers were observed among farmer, middle-aged peoples and in certain families, shows positively that this disease has characters of one of occupational diseases occurred amng farmer. 5. The results obtained by field and larvel surveys showed that mulberry fields and fields of egg-plant and / or taro were main infected areas. 6. In two districts, Isaka and Takayanagi, out of six in Shizuka-Mura, the carriers of Clonorchis sinensis were found. The authors investigated on food habits and found that in these two districts, inhabitants comparatively took more raw freshwater fishes.

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Antigenic structures of the genus Candida were already established through antigen analyses by the present authors. In the experiment 160 strains were identified at first by means of slide agglutination methods with monospecific antisera based on tne antigenic structures. The species identifications of the strains were carried out again by the methods of usual biological examinations. The former identifications corresponded well to the later. Therefore it can be concluded that the identification method with monospecific antisera is very useful on account of the accuracy and easiness.

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I) A case of a twenty-seven year-old male Patient was reported, showing various obscure clinical symptoms during hospitalisation and confirmed as periarteritis nodosa at necropy. II) In this case Periarteritis nodosa picture of the retinalarteries was an important symptome in the clinical diagnosis. III) Cortisone was clinically temporarily effective but because of fibrosis brouglt about by this drug it was believed that the local symptoms have been aggravased.

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