To date a uniform set of standards for the kinesiology and measurement of the degree of flexibility of the human body are not available in Japan. In the methods of measurement of the suppleness of the human body, various distances and angles have been used separately as frames of reference. In the selection of angles for lateral observation on the human body, some investigators have set the standard point of reference at the major trochanter, while others have taken the anterior superior iliac spine as their standard point of reference.
In the present study, the lateral angle of the human body was measured using the anterior superior iliac spine and the major trochanter as the standard points. The values from the measurement of these two points were comparatively studied around the rotation of the pelvis. In 4 male and 4 female university students without joint abnormalities, measurement was carried out in 5 postures (1) normal (2) lordosis (3) flat back (4) flexion of the trunk (5) hyperextension of the trunk.
As the standard points for angle analysis, 4 points, the acromion, anterior superior iliac spine, the major trochanter, and the lateral malleolus were selected. As the angle to express each posture, the anterior angle of the acromion-anterior superior iliac spine-lateral malleolus and anterior angle of the acromion-major trochanter-lateral malleolus were measured.
For the observation of pelvic inclination, the internal angle of the anterior superior iliac spine-major trochanter and the lateral malleolus was measured. In order to analyze this, the range of fluctuation of the postural angle against pelvic inclination around the major trochanter and anterior superior iliac spine was calculated.
As a results, a small variance in the fluctuation of the values of measurement in each test subject would express a change of posture due to pelvic rotation. In each case, the use of the major trochanter gave a small unbiased variance.
In our experience, palpation of the major trochanter or anterior superior iliac spine especially in females revealed less resistance by the former. Consequently, based on these results, the use of the tip of the major trochanter appears to be more reasonable than the anterior superior iliac spine as a reference point for the observation of the human body from the lateral aspect.
It is proposed that the standard point should be placed on the center of the major movable joint to express the posture and other movement, in addition to the anterior superior iliac spine.

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The effect of TTFD chiefly on muscle strength in athletes, mainly track and field, in training camp was examined. The double-blind method was used. The test group (T-group) was given 150mg/day of TTFD while the control group (P-group) was given 3mg/day of TTFD. The duration of administration was two weeks. The following results were obtained.
1) In the following test items, T-group (150mg/day) showed higher values than P-group (3mg/day) in a significant difference:
sargent test (morning) at 5% level
sargent test (evening) at 2.5% level
left grip strength (evening) at 5% level
right grip strength (morning) at 10% level
No significant differences were found in other test items.
2) In the P-group, difference between 2 week stage (non-treated period) and 4 week stage (treated period) was observed to have a trend for decline in the various test items. On the contrary, in the T-group, no decline was observed and a trend for a rise was found in all test items.
3) No adverse effects attributable to TTFD were noted with administration of 3mg/ day nor 150mg/day for 2 weeks.
4) The influence of administration of TTFD 150mg/day was discussed on effectiveness of training as shown by the increase of motor ability.

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Investigations were carried out on atrophy of the supraspinatus and inf raspinatus muscles on the whip hand side of various athletes who severely stress the shoulder joints as well as basic studies on the mechanism of development of such muscular atrophy.
The following results were obtained.
1) Among the various sports investigated baseball and handball player and javelin throwers who habitually use an overhand throwing motion most frequently showed atrophy of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles. Its incidence was particularly high in baseball players and muscle atrophy is pronounced in a majority of such players, especially pitchers.
2) Analytical study of the complaints of those with muscular atrophy of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus revealed that the atrophy is most probaly caused by excessive irritation to the suprascapular nerve in a majority of cases. Suprascapular nerve blockade in the region of the suprascapular notch caused an alleviation or disappearance of most complaints.
3) Anatomical study of the suprascapular nerve confirmed that tension to the nerve occurs in the portion between the bifurcation of the brachial plexus and the suprascapular notch during movement of the shoulder joints. It was also confirmed that minor trauma to the nerve is possible at the region of the suprascapular notch when the suprascapular nerve is on the stretch.
4) Measurement of suprascapular nerve tension by setting the arm in autopsy materials in a motion necessary for ball throwing confirmed that the nerve tension is maximal in a condition immediately before the stride in an overhand pitch followed by the follow-through motion.
5) From the results of this study atrophy of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles in athletes using an overhand throwing motion is probably more common than suspected. It was inferred that the cause for this is the repeated infliction of minor trauma to the suprascapular nerve in the region of the suprascapular notch which gradually progresses to atrophy.

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2, 3の筋力指標について筋力発揮に及ぼす数種の影響因子を検討するべく, 成人男子を被験者として握力, 腕力の時間曲線等を記録して, 以下の結果を得た。
1) 最大筋力の20%から80%に至る所要時間は, 5秒間隔で30回反復計測してもあまり変わらない。最大筋力の移動平均からの差の標準偏差と最大筋力の20%から80%に至る所要時間の標準偏差との間にはr=+0.64の相関関係が認められる。
2) (P_max-P) -logt関係におけるtanθ及びtanψ値は, 反復計測による減少を認める被験者があり, 度数分布曲線において尖度に個人差が見られる。tanθ, tanψ値の変動範囲はそれぞれ0.1～0.2 (kg/msec) , 0.3～0.5 (kg) である。
3) 先行筋活動 (1/4, 1/2, 3/4 P_max.の強度) 後の発揮筋力のtanψ, tanθともに先行筋活動なしの場合が最大で, その強度が増すに従って減少する。先行筋活動後少時休憩を置いた後のtanθ値及び拮抗筋における先行筋活動後のtanψ, tanθ値は対照に比し増大する傾向が認められる。
4) 反対側肢の同時筋力発揮の場合の最大筋力は大部分の例で対照に比して変化が認められない。
5) 反対側肢における後続発揮筋力の増大が完了した時点における先発筋力の値は, 対照発揮筋力における筋力発揮開始時点より同時間後の値に比して減少する傾向が認められる。その減少は先発筋力が非利腕である方が利腕よりも大であり, 後続筋力が屈腕力の方が伸腕力よりも, また両筋力発揮の時間間隔が任意の場合の方が規定 (0.5, 1.0, 2.0秒) された場合よりも大である。
6) 最大吸息時の筋力は最大呼息時のそれより大である。
7) 2秒に1回の踏み台昇降運動1分間負荷直後の筋力は安静状態の値に比して大となる傾向が認められる。

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1.著者独自の三角図形法の変法 (体型を, 骨格, 筋肉, および脂肪の3方向の座標軸で結ぶことによって, 正三角形, 二等辺三角形, 不等辺三角形などの図形で表現し, さらに, それぞれの図形を, 発達によって+1.5σ以上, 土1.5σ以内, -1.5σ以下の3段階に区分した) により, オリンピック候補選手293名の体型を分類した結果, つぎのことが明らかになった。
2.柔道の軽, 中, , 重量級 (男子) , 陸上の投てき (男子) , フェシングのフルーレ (女子) は3軸とも均等に平均値を上回り, また, 陸上の短距離と跳躍 (男子) , フェンシングのフルーレ (男子) , バレー・ボール (男子) は均等に平均値を下回って, いずれもほぼ正三角を描いた。
3.陸上の中距離と障害 (女子) は, 2軸が均衡のとれた発達を示して, 二等辺三角形を表わした。
4.陸上の短距離 (女子) , ウエイト・リフティングの軽・中量級 (男子) は, 2軸が不均衡に平均値を上回り, 不等辺三角形を形づくった。
5.フィギュア・スケート (男子) , 陸上の長距離とマラソン (男子) , 投てき (女子) は, 1軸 (骨格) が平均値を上回り, 2軸 (筋肉と脂肪) が不均等に平均値を下回りて.不等辺三角形を示した。
6.フィギュア・スケート競技選手の体型を, 従来とほぼ同じ要領の三角図形法で求めた小川ら24) は, 同競技の選手をectomorphy (外胚葉型) に位置づけて, 著者と相似の結論を出している。つまり, ectomorphyはCuretonの体格分類によると, 彼の検査対象者のC (below average) , D (poor) クラスに包含される。フィギュア・スケート選手に対する著者の判定結果も, 骨格のみはほぼ平均値を上回るが, 筋肉と脂肪は平均値以下を示すことによって, 不等辺三角形を描いており, Curetonの手法による体型とほぼ同じ判断を下しているものとみてよかろう。
また, MorhousとRasch¹⁵⁾ も, 同競技選手を, 男子は短身, 軽量型として, サッカーのフォワード, タンブリング, 競馬の騎手と同じカテゴリーに取扱っており, 女子は短身, 中量形として, 同じ女子の水泳・飛込み, スキーなどの選手と同じ範疇に入れて, おおむね著者の考え方を裏付けている。

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