空港貨物取扱業務に従事する某社の男子現業員12名 (26.7±6.2才) を対象とし, 作業前, 作業半ば, および作業後における直立時の動揺 (postural sway) を, 荷重センサーと支持板からなる動揺測定装置を用いて記録した。測定は第1日目, 2日目, 3日目と連続して行なわれた。その結果, 次の事柄が明らかとなった。
第1日目においては, 開眼の場合, 作業前値を100とした時に, 作業半ばおよび作業後では123, 125であり, 閉眼の場合は, 順に, 100, 116, 113であった。同様にして, 第2日目の開眼の場合は, 1頂に, 100, 121, 138であり, 閉眼の場合は100, 130, 153であった。第3日目の徹夜作業においては, 開眼の場合, 順に, 100, 125, 147であり, 閉眼では100, 101, 123であった。したがって, いずれの日においても直立時の動揺は, 作業時間の経過と共に増加の傾向を示した。t検定の結果, これらの増加は5～0.1%の危険率で有意であった。
一般に, 直立時動揺の変動をもたらす要因としては種々のものがあげられるが, 本研究における動揺の増加の主要な原因としては, 作業自体に伴う疲労によって姿勢調節能が一時的に減弱したことが考えられる。

抄録全体を表示

For the purpose of determining appropriate exercise prescription for middle and elderly men without exercise habit, when they begin daily exercise intending to improve their aerobic work capacity, the effects of 10 minute walking on a horizontal treadmill at the speeds of 80m/min, 100m/min and 120m/min on the respiro-circulatory functions and blood ingredients and so on were compared. Four healthy men aged 44-72 served as the subjects. They showed no particular abnormality in medical check and various tests at rest.
Treadmill walking, of course, augmented oxygen intake, pulmonary ventilation and tidal volume according to the walking speed, and the augmentation was especially marked in case of 120m/min. The heart rate continued to increase during walking in case of 120m/min. The index (heart rate×pulse pressure) adopted as a relative indication of cardiac output presented no marked difference between 80m/min and 100m/min, but the value in case of 120m/min was about twice as much as those in cases of 80m/min and 100m/min. Moreover, the oxygen removal was appreciably lower in case of 120m/min than those in cases of 80m/min and 100m/min. Changes in blood contents of several substances were also marked in case of 120m/min, and the increase of lactate was especially striking. Urine tests revealed general tendencies of decrease in urine volume, decline of pH, and slight increase in excretion VMA, 17OHCS and 17KS.
The above-mentioned findings seem to suggest that 10 minute walking at the speed of 100m/min is to be most preferable in case of exercise prescription for healthy middle and elderly aged men in order to improve their aerobic work capacity, because walking at that speed causes sufficient and appropriate augmentation of metabolism and activities of respiro-circulatory functions.
Additional remarks: the present study was carried out on the basis of the experiences of 20 minute jogging corresponding to 2/3 VO₂ max made by middle aged men 5 days a week for 5-6 years.

抄録全体を表示

Effects of long term physical training on body composition and physical fitness were studied on 110 healthy males aged between 28 and 34 years. Two and a half hours training of soccer, swimming, running, judo and other kinds of exercises were assighned to the subjects daily except sunday for 8 months. Body weight, overweight, body fat, skinfold thickness, blood pressure, vital capacity, body flexibility, power, grip strength, maximal work capacity, and 6 kinds of sport tests were compared before and after the training.
1) Energy cost of the daily exercise was estimated at about 950 Cal., and intensity of the exercise was deduced to be 4 in RMR (corresponds to about 5 in Nets) on the average.
2) Body weight did not change significantly on the average. However, obese subjects lost their weight, lean subjects gained, and normal weighted subjects did not change their weight significantly.
3) Body fat calculated from skinfold thickness decreased markedly, and the more fat the subjects had initially, the more fat they lost.
4) LBM increased in almost all cases. Obese subjects lost more fat than LBM they gained, and lean subjects gained more LBM than fat they lost. Normally figured subjects gained the same weight of LBM as the fat they lost.
5) Physical figure tended to converge by the training into some range in which the relationship between body weight and height is 4-5% more stout than that of average Japanese male adults.
6) Overweight calculated from weight and height may be used as a valid indicator of obesity for untrained people but not for well trained. While body fat can be a good indicator of that for the both groups.
7) Body fat of the subjects who had high work capacity was mostly under 13%, and that of the subjects whose work capacity was poor was mostly over 13%, while, that of the subjects whose work capacity was medium scattered in the both sides of 13%.
8) Performance of both aerobic and anaerobic exercise improved markedly by the training.

抄録全体を表示

1) 男子大学生の1年生一般学生126名, 3年生の一般学生178名および運動選手114名について身体計測を行って, 次のような結果を得た。
2) 3年生の一般学生は1年生の一般学生と比較すると身長はわずかに高く, 体重, 胸囲, 腹囲, 上腕囲, 大腿囲の平均値もわずかに大きく, 皮下脂肪および体脂肪含有量は著しく増加していた。
3) 3年生の運動選手は一般学生と比較して, 身長, 体重, 胸囲, 腹囲, 上腕囲, 大腿囲の平均値ははるかに大きく, 比胸囲およびローレル指数も有意に大きかった。皮下脂肪および体脂肪含有量については同学年一般学生より著しく少なく, 1年生の一般学生とほとんど変わっていない。運動選手の身体的特徴は運動鍛練によって加令による体脂肪の増加傾向が抑えられ, 秀れた呼吸循環機能をもつに至ったことに対する身体的な変化をよく現わしている。
4) 身長および体重の統計より身長 (Hcm) に対する体軍 (Wkg) の過不足を評価するために, 身長より予知される標準体重直線をそのグループの個人の測定値が不明であっても, 身長の平均値 (H) , 体重の平均値 (W) , およびそれらの標準偏差σH, σWから
W=3W/HH-2W又は
W=σW/σHH-σW/σH・H+W
を用いる方がBrocaの標準体重を基準とするより秀れていることを示した。
5) 縦軸に体重と体脂肪含有量, 横軸に身長の3年生の一般学生を基準とした標準測度で表わした図で運動選手と一般学生の体構成と体型を比較した。

抄録全体を表示

There are still many unknown causative factors found in the development of spondylolysis. We have been investigating the disorders of the lumbar region in athleticly inclined people and have found the occurrence of spondylolysis to be by significantly high. The mechanical breakdown of the pars interarticularis is thought to be one of the causative factors of spondylolysis. In order to study this theory, a deformed lumbar vertebrae of cadavers were experimentally analyzed and checked under loading. This loading test was done on the isolated vertebrae, the spinal functional unit (involving the lumbar vertebral disc) and the spinal column. The amount of deformity was measured at each portion of vertebral body, vertebral disc (anterior, lateral and posterior site) and pars interarticularis. A displascement transducer designed originally for this test was used. The result was that the contrasting deformities such as compression and tension were operated on the pars interarticularis of the fifth lumbar vertebrae at the extended and neutral positions of spinal column.
Under maximum loading (167kg⋅f), the amount of deformity in the pars interarticularis was 73 μm/10mm in neutral position and 67μm/10mm in extension. The direction of the deformity was tension in neutral position and compression in extension position. These results suggested that there is a possibility that there is material fatigue in the pars interarticularis by ordinary motion of the lumbar spine without any excessive or established conditions such as concentrating the stress to the pars interarticularis, and so developing to spondylolysis.

抄録全体を表示