巻号一覧
58 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の62件中51～62を表示しています
原著
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紙上 敬太, 西平 賀昭, 東浦 拓郎2009 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 63-72
発行日: 2009/02/01
公開日: 2009/05/01
ジャーナル フリーThe interactive effects of exercise intensity and physical activity level on the brain and cognition of young adults were investigated using the electromyographic reaction time (EMG-RT), the P3, and the NoGo P3, as well as the contingent negative variation (CNV) of event-related brain potentials. Participants (n＝26 : 24.0 ± 0.7 years) were divided on the basis of their regular physical activity level into active and inactive groups. Then, they performed a Go/NoGo reaction time task in the no exercise, control condition ; as well as after light, moderate, and hard cycling exercises. Results indicated that increases in P3 and NoGo P3 amplitude following moderate exercise were larger in the inactive group, suggesting that inactive individuals were more sensitive to exercise intensity than active individuals. Active individuals might be better able to sustain their attention during the Go/NoGo reaction time task, despite the exercise intensity. These findings are suggestive of a differential effect of exercise intensity on cognitive function that might be dependent on the level of regular physical activity. The effects of exercise intensity on EMG-RTs were observed across groups. However, the P3 latency was not affected by exercise intensity. These contradictory results are possible related to the nature of the cognitive task, such as its difficulty. Moreover, increases in CNV amplitudes following moderate exercise were larger than in other exercise conditions across groups, suggesting that motor preparation process is also facilitated by moderate, acute exercise. These findings provide additional evidence for the beneficial effects of acute aerobic exercise on the brain and cognition of young adults.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (271K) -
井尻 朋人, 宮下 浩二, 浦辺 幸夫, 藤川 博樹, 武本 有紀子2009 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 73-80
発行日: 2009/02/01
公開日: 2009/05/01
ジャーナル フリーThe purpose of this study was to investigate influence of static and dynamic trunk alignment on shoulder kinematics in throwing. Sixteen healthy collage baseball players participated in this study. The subjects were instructed to perform two types of throwing attempts ; one was normal throwing as per usual, and the other was throwing with slouched posture by relaxing trunk muscles. Three-dimensional motion analysis was used for the static alignment and the two throwing motions. Correlations between the static trunk alignments and maximal shoulder angles during normal throwing were investigated. The shoulder angles were compared between the two types of throwing. The static trunk alignments were not significantly associated with the shoulder angles during normal throwing. Shoulder abduction angle during the throwing with the slouched posture was significantly smaller than that during the normal throwing from late cocking phase to acceleration phase (p＜0.05). The current finding indicates that decreased shoulder abduction angle (i. e. dropped elbow) may be caused by inadequate trunk posture in throwing. Therefore, it may be necessary to pay attention not only to shoulder but also to trunk posture during throwing for rehabilitation and prevention of the throwing injury of baseball players.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (226K) -
小林 万壽夫, 覚張 秀樹, 金久 博昭, 青山 利春, 角田 直也2009 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 81-90
発行日: 2009/02/01
公開日: 2009/05/01
ジャーナル フリーThe present study aimed to investigate the profiles of activities of thigh muscles during 100 m sprint running in track and field athletes experienced hamstrings (muscle) strain injury, with specific emphasis on the difference between injured and non-inured legs. The subjects were 20 track and field athletes who were divided into muscle strain injury group (MS) and non muscle strain injury group (NMS). The electromyograms (EMGs) of five thigh muscles (the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and vastus medialis) and knee joint angles were recorded during 100 m sprint running. For NMS, there were no significant differences between the right and left legs. For MS, the averaged EMG of every muscle,
expressed as relative to that during maximum voluntary contraction (%mEMGMVC), values of the biceps femoris and semitendinosus in the latter phases of takeoff and swing periods were significantly higher in the injured leg than in the non-injured leg. Also, the maximal flexed and extended angles of the knee joint during takeoff and swing period, respectively, for the injured leg were significantly greater than those for non-injured leg. Thus, the present results indicate that track and field athletes experienced hamstrings (muscle) strain injury show by higher EMG activities in the biceps femoiris and semitendinosus of the injured leg at the later phases of swing and takeoff periods during 100 m sprint running. This may be partially related to the running style with a greater extended position of knee joint angles at the corresponding phases.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (267K) -
市木 育敏, 浦辺 幸夫, 井手 一茂, 秋本 剛, 鍵森 綾2009 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 91-98
発行日: 2009/02/01
公開日: 2009/05/01
ジャーナル フリーInjuries of the cervical spine occur in contact sports. Generally, muscle strengthening training of the neck is performed to prevent injuries of the cervical spine. Isometric resistance training with chin-in posture exercise is recommended for strengthening the neck. However, muscle strength and electromyography(EMG)date for chin-in posture have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to validate muscle strength and EMG testing during chin-in posture. Subjects were fifteen healthy men without pathological conditions in the neck. Muscle strength date and EMG measurements were taken for maximal voluntary isometric contraction(MVIC)flexion and extension actions during normal and chin-in posture. Subjects performed MVIC using a handheld dynamometer and surface EMG was recorded sternocleidomastoid, scalenus, upper trapezius, and splenius muscles. Results of chin-in posture showed a significant increase in muscle strength and EMG of all muscles. These results indicate the beneficial effect of chin-in posture which can increase muscle strength and prevent injuries of the neck.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (191K) -
齋藤 義信, 岩井 一師, 中里 浩一, 入江 一憲, 水野 増彦, 中嶋 寛之2009 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 99-108
発行日: 2009/02/01
公開日: 2009/05/01
ジャーナル フリーThe purpose of this study was to clarify physical characteristics related to low back pain (LBP) in collegiate track and field athletes. We particularly focused on the nature of the track and field. The subjects were 21 male collegiate track and field athletes including only sprinters, hurdlers, long jumpers and triple jumpers. The examined parameters were physical characteristics, isokinetic flexor and extensor strength in the knee and trunk regions. The evaluation of LBP was estimated by a questionnaire test and orthopedic surgeons' diagnosis. According to these evaluations, we divided all track and field athletes into two groups ; LBP group (n＝11, 52.4%) and no LBP group (n＝10, 47.6%). As a result, a take-off leg of knee flexor/extensor strength ratio in the LBP group was significantly lower than that in the no LBP group (P＜0.05). The LBP group showed a significant difference between a take-off leg and a lead leg in knee flexor strength compared with the no LBP group (P＜0.05). The LBP group has been short engaged in the track and field than the no LBP group (P＜0.05). In the trunk flexor and extensor strength, there was no significant difference between the LBP and the no LBP group in this study. These results suggest that the imbalanced knee muscle strength may be one of some factors related to chronic low back pain in collegiate track and field athletes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (241K) -
久米 雅, 芳田 哲也, 常岡 秀行, 木村 直人, 伊藤 孝2009 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 109-122
発行日: 2009/02/01
公開日: 2009/05/01
ジャーナル フリーThis study analyzed the effects of various body surface areas being cooled by water-perfused suits (WPS) on thermoregulatory response during exercise in a hot environment. Seven male subjects, dressed in clothing with low moisture permeability (rain coats) over WPS covering the whole body surface except for the face, hands, and feet, performed three sessions of 20-min cycling at low intensity (250w/m2) in a room maintained at 30℃ under six conditions of body surface cooling : whole body (WB), upper body (UB), lower body (LB), lower body except lower legs (LBEL), head and neck (HN), and no body cooling (NBC). The coolant temperature at the inlet was 20℃ for all conditions, and heat extraction (HE) was estimated by the difference between inlet and outlet water temperatures and water flow rate. Esophageal (Tes) and deep thigh temperatures (T-d.thigh) and heart rate (HR) during exercise were significantly (p＜0.01) higher for NBC and HN, and forearm skin blood flow (SkBF) and dehydration (DEH) were significantly (p＜0.01) lower for WB than for other conditions. There was a similar tendency concerning Tes and T-d.thigh among WB, LBEL, and LB ; however, T-d.thigh for UB was significantly (p＜0.01) higher than for WB, LBEL, and LB. In comparison with resting levels, the mean skin temperature (Tsk) and thermal sensation (TS) significantly (p＜0.01) increased for NBC and HN, and decreased for UB and WB, but remained constant for LBEL and LB during exercise. Under all conditions, increases in Tes (ΔTes) and T-d.thigh (ΔT-d.thigh) at the end of exercise were significantly (p＜0.01) increased when less than 40% of the body surface was cooled (Tsk : above 35.8℃, HE : less than 110W). Furthermore, ΔTes at the end of the exercise was related to ΔTsk×SkBF, while the slope of the regression line between those parameters was steeper when ΔTsk×SkBF values were negative, as opposed to positive values. These results suggest that during light exercise under different body surface cooling conditions : 1) UB leads to a high T-d.thigh while Tes, Tsk, and TS are as low as those for WB, 2) critical levels of body surface cooling area causing a decrease in core temperature elevation might exist, and 3) changes in blood circulation due to body cooling might be affecting temperature responses at the end of exercise.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (330K) -
田中 千晶, 田中 茂穂2009 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 123-130
発行日: 2009/02/01
公開日: 2009/05/01
ジャーナル フリーMost Japanese preschool children attend either kindergartens or nursery schools, each providing a distinct environment for children, and the difference between these may be associated with varying patterns of physical activity (PA). The purpose of the present study is to compare the levels of PA in Japanese preschool children enrolled in kindergartens to those enrolled in nursery schools by using triaxial accelerometry (ActivTracer, GMS). PA was assessed using a triaxial accelerometer and daily steps were captured using a uniaxial accelerometer for 6 consecutive days, including weekdays and weekends. Subjects were 157 four- to six-year-old Japanese children attending kindergartens or nursery schools. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and step counts were 107 (±34) min/day and 13,567 (±2,725) steps/day respectively for kindergartens, and 97 (±30) min/day and 12,526 (±2,884) steps/day respectively for nursery schools. MVPA and step counts were significantly higher for children enrolled in kindergartens than those enrolled in nursery schools. Although PA on weekdays did not differ significantly, physical activity level, MVPA, and step counts on weekends were significantly higher for children enrolled in kindergartens than those enrolled in nursery schools. In addition, we observed large variability in PA among children enrolled in kindergartens, and relatively little variability among children enrolled in nursery schools. The results suggest that children in nursery schools exhibit less engagement in moderate PA than children in kindergartens, and the difference is more pronounced on weekends. Additionally, we found that PA patterns in young children enrolled in kindergartens may vary greatly.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (216K) -
山内 亮平, 清水 和弘, 古川 拓生, 渡部 厚一, 竹村 雅裕, 赤間 高雄, 秋本 崇之, 河野 一郎2009 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 131-142
発行日: 2009/02/01
公開日: 2009/05/01
ジャーナル フリーThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between alterations of salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and the occurrence of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) in rugby football players.
We examined the relationship between the onset of URTI and the daily alterations of SIgA levels in 32 male collegiate rugby football players (20.5±1.3 years) during summer training camp for 36 days.
Total of 6 in 32 subjects had the appearance of URTI symptoms (18 %). SIgA secretion rate decreased significantly in the middle of training camp compared to the baseline (P＜0.05). Furthermore, SIgA secretion rate during the appearance of URTI (13.7±1.1μg/min) were significantly lower than that without symptoms (19.2±1.4 μg/min, P＜0.01). These results suggest that serial monitoring of SIgA may be useful to assess the risk status of URTI affection in athletes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (319K) -
SIYOUNG PARK, SHUMPEI MIYAKAWA, HITOSHI SHIRAKI, NAOKI MUKAI, HYUNMIN ...2009 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 143-154
発行日: 2009/02/01
公開日: 2009/05/01
ジャーナル フリーPURPOSE : To determine the patterns of electromyographic (EMG) responses and torques of upper extremity muscles in overhead throwers during maximal, eccentric muscle action for shoulder flexion (FlexEcc), abduction (AbdEcc) and diagonal activities (DiaEcc) with full glenohumeral internal rotation, at 60, 120, and 180°/s on the dynamometer.
METHODS : Seven asymptomatic subjects (7 men, 4 women) who participate in overhead sports at least three days a week volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects were randomly performed with the test procedure which consisted of at least 5 grade maximal-effort repetitions on the three different testing conditions, at 60, 120, and 180°/s on the dynamometer, while we assessed muscle activation of the anterior deltoid (AD), middle deltoid (MD), posterior deltoid (PD), upper trapezius (UT), middle trapezius (MT), lower trapezius (LT), and biceps brachii (BB) muscles by surface electromyography. EMG data was expressed as a percentage of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC) that was obtained from the highest root mean square (RMS, 50 ms) of each muscle and was normalized and averaged.
RESULT : AD muscle elicited lower muscle activity during DiaEcc than FlexEcc and AbdEcc (P＜0.05) while the MD, PD, UT, MT, and LT muscles elicited overall greater muscle activities during DiaEcc. MD and MT muscle activities were significantly greater for the faster speed than for the slower speed as 60°/s during AbdEcc (P＜0.05). Peak torque generated greater muscle strength for DiaEcc than FlexEcc and AbdEcc, and it was significantly greater for the faster speed than slower speed during DiaEcc (P＜0.05).
CONCLUSION : Posterior upper extremity muscle activities and peak torque values were found to be dependent on eccentric muscle action for diagonal shoulder activity at the faster speed. This study provided evidence that isokinetic eccentric muscle strength testing of the posterior upper extremity muscle was effective to develop of a proper program for overhead sports athletes require forceful stability during deceleration phase.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (543K)
記事
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2009 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 155-160
発行日: 2009/02/01
公開日: 2009/05/01
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (100K) -
2009 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 161-168
発行日: 2009/02/01
公開日: 2009/05/01
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (162K) -
2009 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 169-208
発行日: 2009/02/01
公開日: 2009/05/01
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1812K)