体力科学
Online ISSN : 1881-4751
Print ISSN : 0039-906X
ISSN-L : 0039-906X
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63 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の177件中151～177を表示しています
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ワークショップ15
ワークショップ16
国際セッション1：ECSS-JSPFSM交流セッション
国際セッション2：海外招待講演
国際セッション3：ECSS-JSPFSM交流事業のさらなる発展に向けて
原著
  • 高齢期における日常的な座位行動時間は中高強度身体活動時間から独立して下肢パフォーマンスと関連するか −1軸加速度計を用いた横断的検討−
    大須賀 洋祐, 藪下 典子, 金 美芝, 清野 諭, 根本 みゆき, 鄭 松伊, 大久保 善郎, フィゲロア ラファエル, 田中 喜代次
    2014 年 63 巻 1 号 p. 169-176
    発行日: 2014/02/01
    公開日: 2014/01/24
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.63.169
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Habitual moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity positively impacts lower extremely performance in older adults. However, little is known whether habitual sedentary behaviour time independently impacts lower extremity performance. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to identify whether sedentary behaviour time is associated with lower extremity performance independent of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity time in older adults. Eight-hundred-and-two community-dwelling older Japanese adults (72.5 ± 5.9 years) participated in this study. Sedentary behavioir time and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity time were assessed using a uniaxial accelerometer. Lower extremity performance was assessed by repeated chair stand, single leg stance, and timed up and go tests. Jonckheere terpstra trend test and Spearman rank correlation coefficient were used to identify the single relation between sedentary behaviour time and lower extremity performance. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to identify whether sedentary behaviour time is associated with lower extremity performance independent of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity time. Results of single relation analysis showed there were negative associations between sedentary behaviour time and all lower extremity performance tests. Multivariable analysis indicated that sedentary behaviour time was not significantly associated with any lower extremity performances but moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity time was positively associated with all lower extremity performance tests. In conclusion, sedentary behaviour time would be less useful than moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity time as an indicator for modifying habitual behavior to maintain good lower extremity performance in community-dwelling older adults.
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  • 競走馬のトレーニングおよび脱トレーニングが骨格筋サテライトセルの反応性に及ぼす影響
    今岡 洋子, 河合 美菜子, 向井 和隆, 大村 一, 高橋 敏之, 平賀 敦, 宮田 浩文
    2014 年 63 巻 1 号 p. 177-187
    発行日: 2014/02/01
    公開日: 2014/01/24
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.63.177
    ジャーナル フリー
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    We investigate the effects of training and detraining on the satellite cell activation in thoroughbred horse muscles after an exhaustive exercise. Six horses were subjected to conventional training for 18 weeks and detraining for 6 weeks. Before training (Pre), after 10-week and 18-week training (10Tr and 18Tr), and after 6-week detraining (DTr), an incremental exercise test (IET) was performed on inclined treadmill to measure VO2max and the velocity at a plasma lactate of 4 mmol/l (VLA4). Biopsy samples from gluteus medius muscle was obtained before and at 1 minute (1min), 3 hour (3hr), 6 hour (6hr) and 1 day after each IET. Number of muscle satellite cell were counted in type identified muscle fibers by immuno-histochemical stain images. The levels of mRNA expressions were determined using real time RT-PCR system. The number of satellite cells in 10Tr was significantly higher in type IIa fibers (0.31±0.10) than Pre (0.15±0.06). As compared to each value before IET, IL-6 mRNA expression (fold change) increased remarkably at 6hr after IET in 10Tr (x 2290.2) and 18Tr (x 2304.2), but not in both Pre (x 260.0) and DTr (x 853.3). IGF-I and Myogenin mRNA expressions were significantly increased at 1 day after IET in 18Tr (x 6.6 and x 3.3), but not in both Pre and DTr. These results suggested that the increased reactivity of satellite cells by training for 18 weeks is almost disappeared after detraining for 6 week, as well as VO2max and VLA4.
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  • 大学ラグビー選手における肩関節外傷の初回受傷及び再受傷の危険因子
    大垣 亮, 竹村 雅裕, 岩井 浩一, 宮本 芳明, 芋生 祥之, 永井 智, 宮川 俊平
    2014 年 63 巻 1 号 p. 189-196
    発行日: 2014/02/01
    公開日: 2014/01/24
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.63.189
    ジャーナル フリー
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    To examine risk factors for shoulder injuries with or without history of the injuries using the stratification analysis for collegiate rugby players. 71 elite rugby players from one university rugby club joined in the preseason medical screening related to their shoulder joints, including basic demographics, history of injuries, and physical findings at that time. Subsequently, the occurrence of shoulder injuries was recorded during four playing seasons. Analysis was stratified with or without history of the injuries; player without the past history of injury, 47 players; player with the past history of injury, 24 players. As a result of all players with the past history, 13 players sustained the shoulder injuries. Internal rotational range of motion [IR ROM] (OR, 1.5; 95%CI, 1.13-1.96; p=0.004), external rotational range of motion [ER ROM] (OR, 1.9; 95%CI, 1.21-2.87; p=0.005), horizontal flexion range of motion [HF ROM] (OR, 1.3; 95%CI, 1.03-1.64; p=0.025), IR muscle strength (OR, 0.4; 95%CI, 0.20-0.65; p=0.001) and rugby experience (OR, 1.2; 95%CI, 1.02-1.46; p=0.032) were associated with the shoulder injuries. On the other hand, 10 players sustained injuries of the players without the past history of injury. IR muscle strength (OR, 0.3; 95%CI, 0.11-0.72; p=0.008) and rugby experience (OR, 1.4; 95%CI, 1.11-1.66; p=0.003) were associated with the shoulder injuries. This study clearly showed that IR, ER, HF ROM, IR muscle strength and rugby experience were important initial risk factors for shoulder injuries. Moreover, IR muscle strength and rugby experience were important recurrence risk factors for shoulder injuries.
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  • 高校生の体組成に及ぼす運動習慣と運動有能感の共分散構造分析
    太田 啓示, 高野 慶輔, 工藤 和俊, 小谷 恭子, 河鰭 一彦
    2014 年 63 巻 1 号 p. 197-204
    発行日: 2014/02/01
    公開日: 2014/01/24
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.63.197
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Exercise is important for body composition promotion. Although many studies have indicated that physical competence promotes exercise participation, there are relatively few studies examining the relationships among these factors. The purpose of the present study was to model the relationships among body composition, exercise habits and physical competence by using structural equation modeling. The subjects were 223 Japanese male and female high school students. Height, lean bone mass and bone area ratio were measured. Exercise habits and physical competence scale including three subscales (perceived physical competence, feeling of control and peer and teacher acceptance) were assessed by self-administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The model showed acceptable fit indices (GFI = .905, AGFI = .863 CFI = .954, RMSEA = .069). The path from peer and teacher acceptance to exercise habit was significant (β = 0.51, p < .001). Moreover, the path from exercise habits and from perceived physical competence to body composition was significant (respectively β = 0.53; p < .001, β = 0.47, p < .001). We could model the relationships among body composition, exercise habits and physical competence. These results indicate that not only exercise habits but also physical competence promoting exercise participation influence on body composition promotion.
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  • 在宅高齢女性の生命予後と体力
    田井中 幸司, 瀧澤 毅, 青木 純一郎
    2014 年 63 巻 1 号 p. 205-212
    発行日: 2014/02/01
    公開日: 2014/01/24
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.63.205
    ジャーナル フリー
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    This study evaluated the relation between physical fitness and survival. This prospective cohort study included 74–88-year-old women who were living at home and who reported no disability in activities of daily living. Subjects completed physical fitness tests assessing walking ability, muscular strength, flexibility, agility, and balance. They were administered a follow-up interview 14 years later. Of 63 older women, 58 died during that 14-year period. Among the 16 physical fitness measurements, significant association with survival time was found for 11 measurements using Cox proportional hazards model (Adjusted for age, BMI, and TMIG index of competence score). Among them, maximum walking time was an indicative main physical fitness factor for predicting the survival of elderly women. The hazard ratio per 1 s of 10m maximum walking time was 1.93 (95% Confidential Interval [CI], 1.54–2.41). Among muscular strength, flexibility, agility, and balance, the most influential physical fitness element to survival was agility (nerve reaction time). Therefore, the functional decline of the nervous system is expected to affect survival strongly. When 10 m maximal walking speed is 8.5 s or more, the median survival time of elderly women is 6.75 years (95%CI, 6.25–7.67), but if the time is less than 8.5 s it is 11.58 years (95%CI, 10.25–13.08, p<0.0001; log-rank test). The ability to move rapidly is identified as the main physical fitness factor associated with survival.
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  • 1週間の低酸素環境下での事前順化トレーニングが低酸素環境における運動能力および生理応答に及ぼす影響
    奥島 大, 山本 正嘉
    2014 年 63 巻 1 号 p. 213-222
    発行日: 2014/02/01
    公開日: 2014/01/24
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.63.213
    ジャーナル フリー
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    We examined the effect of pre-acclimatization training under hypoxia for competition or training at high altitude on work capacity and physiological responses in hypoxia. Eight healthy male university students performed pre-acclimatization training under normobaric hypoxia (equivalent to about 2500 m; 15.4% inspired oxygen) for a week. Each student was exposed for a total of 90 minutes. During the exposure, each student rested for 60 minutes and pedaled at a workload of lactate threshold (LT) under normobaric hypoxia (equivalent to about 2500 m) for 30 minutes. In the result, workload of LT under normobaric hypoxia significantly increased after pre-acclimatization training (+15%). In physiological responses, arterial oxygen saturation at rest and exercise and peak ventilatory volume significantly increased after pre-acclimatization training. Arterial oxygen saturation at rest during pre-acclimatization training significantly increased. In addition, the ratio of low- and high-frequency power in heart rate variability significantly decreased after pre-acclimatization training. These results suggest that pre-acclimatization training is able to bring in acclimatization to high altitude on cardiopulmonary function and prevent decline of work capacity in high altitude. The ratio of low- and high-frequency power in heart rate variability as well as arterial oxygen saturation may reflect degree of acclimatization to high altitude.
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  • Zucker肥満ラットの肝脂肪蓄積の抑制に対する運動習慣と食餌制限の効果
    黒坂 裕香, 北村 裕美, 山内 秀樹, 代谷 陽子, 湊 久美子
    2014 年 63 巻 1 号 p. 223-229
    発行日: 2014/02/01
    公開日: 2014/01/24
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.63.223
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    We investigated the effects of habitual exercise and diet restriction on the hepatic fat accumulation in Zucker fatty rats. Male 6-week-old Zucker fatty rats were divided into obese (Ob), diet restriction (DR), and diet restriction + exercise (DR + Ex) groups. Male Zucker lean rats (L) were used as a control group. The rats in the L and Ob groups were maintained on ad libitum diets. The rats in the DR and DR + Ex groups were fed a 30% restricted diet. The rats in the DR + Ex group exercised voluntarily on a wheel ergometer. After 6 weeks of intervention, the serum free fatty acid and leptin levels in the Ob group were significantly higher than those in the L group. In the Ob group, the hepatic triglyceride content was higher than that in the L group and hepatocyte fat infiltration was observed on haematoxylin and eosin staining. These changes were suppressed by DR + Ex, but not by the DR intervention. These results suggest that habitual exercise inhibits fat accumulation in the liver of Zucker fatty rats.
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  • 過去10年間にわたる歩数の低下とその理由に関する検討 −男子大学1年生を対象とした連続横断研究−
    西脇 雅人, 木内 敦詞, 中村 友浩
    2014 年 63 巻 1 号 p. 231-242
    発行日: 2014/02/01
    公開日: 2014/01/24
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.63.231
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    The present study aimed to investigate whether daily steps in male college students have actually decreased in the last decade. If the decline in steps is found, we additionally aimed to examine whether the decline in steps is attributed to a reduction of exercise or, rather, to a reduction of non-exercise activity. A serial cross-sectional study was performed from 2003 to 2012 at the Osaka Institute of Technology. A total of 1,215 male college freshmen were analyzed. Every year, scores of the physical activity levels were evaluated by a questionnaire, and we measured daily steps of participants using a pedometer during usual 1 week. Daily behavior record was also analyzed (n = 69). There were no significant trends or differences in characteristics of participants and the scores of physical activity levels throughout the 10 years. However, interestingly, significant decreasing trends were observed in the steps of average and weekend. In addition, daily behavior record analyses indicate that a cell-phone or a PC usage increased significantly in both weekday and weekend and that playing video games increased significantly in weekday. Therefore, these data support the view that daily steps have actually reduced in the last decade. Our findings also raise the possibility that the decline in steps may be related to the decline in non-exercise activity associated with the increase in a cell-phone or a PC usage and playing the video games.
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