体力科学
Online ISSN : 1881-4751
Print ISSN : 0039-906X
ISSN-L : 0039-906X
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65 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の176件中151～176を表示しています
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シンポジウム26
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日本体力医学会プロジェクト研究の成果報告会
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  • 女性糖尿病患者は足底触圧覚の閾値が高くなる −地域在住高齢者との比較−
    木村 和樹, 久保 晃, 石坂 正大, 貞清 香織, 遠藤 佳章, 三浦 寛貴
    2016 年 65 巻 1 号 p. 163-167
    発行日: 2016/02/01
    公開日: 2016/01/24
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.65.163
    ジャーナル フリー
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    The number of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in Japan is increasing. Progression of DM leads to the development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, which causes foot sensory disturbances. This study examined the effect of DM on plantar tactile point pressure sensitivity (TPPS) and identified the site with the highest threshold of plantar TPPS. The subjects were 42 DM patients (aged 71.7±8.2 years) and 122 local elderly residents (aged 72.6±4.8 years). TPPS of eight sites, including the right and left halluces, hallux and fifth toe metatarsal heads, and heels was measured using the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test. The measurement was performed three times at each site. The results were adopted when all repeated measurements were valid. The Friedman test was used for comparison among the four sites within the same group. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of sites between groups. A significance level of 5% was adopted. The ages of the DM patients were not significantly different, but the patients had significantly higher TPPS threshold for halluces, and hallux and fifth toe metatarsal heads, compared to the local elderly residents. The TPPS threshold was highest in the heels in both the DM patients and local elderly residents. The threshold of plantar TPPS increases in DM. It is important to evaluate both the forefoot and the heels.
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  • 酪酸摂取がラット骨格筋における糖輸送体GLUT-4タンパク質の発現量に及ぼす影響
    野中 雄大, 東田 一彦, 木村 典代, 寺田 新
    2016 年 65 巻 1 号 p. 169-176
    発行日: 2016/02/01
    公開日: 2016/01/24
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.65.169
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid produced during fermentation of fibers and other substrates in the gastrointestinal tract. A recent study has shown that elevation of butyrate availability by dietary supplementation exerts favorable effects on glucose metabolism. However, it remains unclear whether butyrate intake affects insulin-sensitive glucose transporter (GLUT-4) protein content in skeletal muscle, which has been shown to be closely related to muscle glucose transport capacity and whole-body insulin sensitivity. The purpose of this study was therefore to examine the effects of dietary intake of butyrate on muscle GLUT-4 protein content and whole-body insulin sensitivity in rats. Seven-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on a sodium butyrate diet (SB) or standard chow diet (CON) for 2 wks. Sodium butyrate was incorporated into the standard chow diet at 5 % wt/wt. After the 2-wk dietary intervention, insulin tolerance test (ITT) was performed to evaluate whole-body insulin sensitivity. GLUT-4 protein contents in soleus and epitrochlearis muscles were determined by western blot analysis. There were no significant differences in body weight, food intake and intra-abdominal fat weight between the SB and CON groups. GLUT-4 protein contents in soleus and epitrochlearis muscle were significantly lower in the SB than CON group. The SB group had less reduction in glycemia than did the CON group during ITT. These results suggest that dietary intake of sodium butyrate may decrease muscle GLUT-4 protein content and impair whole-body insulin sensitivity in rats.
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  • 持久的な間欠的筋力発揮時の筋音（筋振動信号）の変化動態
    森本 茂
    2016 年 65 巻 1 号 p. 177-188
    発行日: 2016/02/01
    公開日: 2016/01/24
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.65.177
    ジャーナル フリー
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    To obtain one of the possible factors on the abrupt increment of mechanomyographic (MMG) signal during prolonged isometric constant contraction (PICC; <20%MVC), the present study focused on the iMMG changes from m. vastus medialis (VM) and/or lateralis (VL) during the intermittent isometric constant contractions (IICC) at various condition of the duty cycle (or relaxation/contraction ratio: R-C ratio) and the target tension. Target tension set at 5, 10 and 15 %MVC and the duty cycle set at 16s-ON/4s-OFF, 56s-ON/4s-OFF and 116s-ON/4s-OFF. Simultaneous recording of myoelectrical signal (MES) was made on VM and/or VL. 1) IMMG increased weakly and monotonously with the cumulative load which is accumulated the acreage of tension and time through the IICC. Also, iMES sustained or increased weakly but the increment ratio was lower than iMES under PICC condition. 2) The increment ratio of iMMG (or gradient of linear regression formula with the cumulative load: G-iMMG) from both muscles increased depend on the increment ratio of the cumulative load (or gradient of linear regression formula with the time) in the stored data under the IICC conditions. But there could not be seen the distinct relation in that of iMES. 3) The G-iMMG decreased with R-C ratio. But G-iMES did not show distinct relationship with R-C ratio among subjects and between muscles. Linear incremental tendency of iMMG would originate from the inserted muscle relaxation during IICC. Therefore, the abrupt increase of iMMG during PICC suggests to be caused from the continuous muscle contraction itself.
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  • 大学男女アスリートにおける上気道感染症の発症状況と1週間の運動時間
    砂見 綾香, 佐々木 和登, 江崎 治, 中井 あゆみ, 安田 純, 横山 友里, 吉﨑 貴大, 多田 由紀, 日田 安寿美, 川野 因
    2016 年 65 巻 1 号 p. 189-196
    発行日: 2016/02/01
    公開日: 2016/01/24
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.65.189
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Strenuous exercise induces upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), whereas moderate exercise prevents URTI. This study aimed to assess the incidence of URTI and the association between URTI episodes and exercise duration in Japanese collegiate athletes. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1,740 participants; 1,235 responses were eligible for analysis. Participants were classified into three groups: control group (weekly total exercise duration <60 min, n=405), exercise group (weekly total exercise duration >60 min, n=193), and athlete group (joined a sports club and weekly exercise frequency >5 days, n=637). We requested the following information from participants: basic characteristics, incidence of URTI symptoms (fever, runny or plugged nose, sore throat, and cough) or influenza for each month over the past year, day of the week exercise is typically performed, and duration of exercise per week. The incidence of URTI episodes per year was significantly lower in the athlete group (2.0 ± 2.4 episodes) compared to the control group (2.6 ± 2.4 episodes, p<0.001). The incidence of URTI episodes did not significantly differ between the control group and exercise group (2.9 ± 2.9 episodes, p=0.607). Although the frequency of URTI episodes and exercise duration were not significantly associated among male athletes (p=0.209), they were positively associated in female athletes (p=0.027). These results indicate that Japanese collegiate athletes experience fewer URTI episodes than non-athletes, but athletes who exercise for long durations may frequently experience URTI, particularly female athletes.
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  • 非肥満型2型糖尿病ラットにおける足底筋の筋線維タイプ移行に対する持久運動の予防効果
    森藤 武, 村上 慎一郎, 藤野 英己
    2016 年 65 巻 1 号 p. 197-203
    発行日: 2016/02/01
    公開日: 2016/01/24
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.65.197
    ジャーナル フリー
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    We investigated preventive effects of chronic endurance exercise on the slow-to-fast fiber transition in the plantaris muscles of non-obese type 2 diabetic rats. Eleven-week-old male Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Rats were used as diabetic animals, and assigned to sedentary (DB) and exercise (DB+Ex) groups. Age matched male non-diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats were used as sedentary control (Cnt) group. DB+Ex group was trained on low-intensity treadmill running for 14 weeks. Although glucose level in DB group at 25 weeks of age was higher compared to Cnt group, that in DB+Ex group was significantly lower compared to DB group. DB group exhibited lower percentages of high-oxidative type IIA fibers and higher percentages of low-oxidative type IIB fibers compared to Cnt group in the superficial layer of muscles. While DB+Ex group exhibited higher percentages of type IIA fibers and lower percentages of type IIB fibers compared to DB group in the superficial and deep layers of muscles. Additionally, succinate dehydrogenase intensity in the deep layer of muscles in DB+Ex group was increased by endurance exercise. The present study indicated that endurance exercise could prevent the slow-to-fast fiber transition of the muscle fibers and enhance mitochondrial oxidative enzyme activity in the skeletal muscles of non-obese type 2 diabetic rats.
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  • 小学生サッカー選手におけるOsgood-Schlatter病発症の身体的要因に関する研究
    塩田 真史, 加賀谷 善教, 玉置 龍也, 持田 尚, 鈴川 仁人, 関屋 曻, 赤池 敦, 清水 邦明, 青木 治人
    2016 年 65 巻 1 号 p. 205-212
    発行日: 2016/02/01
    公開日: 2016/01/24
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.65.205
    ジャーナル フリー
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    The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of pre-existing physical factors associated with the onset of Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD) in junior soccer players. Fifty-nine junior soccer players of the elementary school were included in this study. The boys who had been diagnosed as OSD were excluded. At the time of the first investigation, the subjects were examined through physical evaluation and an ultrasonography. The subjects were followed up one and a half years, and the tibial tuberosity was classified according to the growth stages using the ultrasonography. After the end of follow-up period, the subjects were divided into two groups, those with signs and symptoms of OSD that appeared during the follow up period and those without that. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for the comparison between OSD group’s and control group’s initial assessments. The players who were followed up for one and half years were 38 people. 5 knees of the 4 players were clinically diagnosed as OSD (OSD group), and the remaining 34 players with no symptoms of the OSD constituted the control group. The range of the bilateral hip external rotation, straight leg raise of the non-dominant side, and knee flexion in the OSD group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05). We concluded that a decrease in specific joint flexibility might be related with the onset of OSD.
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