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Volume 29, Issue 2
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Hydraulic Control by Lower-Link SensingShigeo UMEDA1967 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 65-69
Published: September 01, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the three-point hitch, the top-link sensing has been widely accepted and is used in mostly plowing. But in rotary tillage, as the tensile force acts on the top-link, the hitch response is not always suitable for tillage.
This paper presents the analysis of hydraulic control by the lower-link sensing in rotary tillage. On this system, the hitch response can takes the draft control and the position control by setting of the feed-back link.View full abstractDownload PDF (721K) -
Tilling Pitch (Length of Slice) and Cutting Width of a TineMasanori TSUCHIYA1967 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 70-72
Published: September 01, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSome experiments on the rotary tillage were carried out, and the results are follows;
1) When the cutting width of tines is same and the working efficiency (area efficiency) is equal, it is better for reducing power to make the tilling pitch (length of a slice) large and the numher of tines less according to the tilling pitch.
2) When the cutting width of tines is not same and yet the working efficiency is equal, it is better for reducing power to make the tilling pitch small and the cutting width of tines large according to the tilling pitch.View full abstractDownload PDF (520K) -
Characteristics of the Fluctuating Torques of the Combine Flements and the Ground Contact Pressure Distribution of its TrackNoboru KAWAMURA, Ritsuya YAMASHITA, Masakazu NAKATANI, Yoshio IKEDA1967 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 73-76,81
Published: September 01, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe measured the torques at each element of the full tracked combine and contact pressure under its track. In this paper, we discussed the characteristics of the torque at the threshing device, average power requirements for threshing, contact pressure distribution and fluctuation of the torque at the travelling counter shaft.
1) The ranges of the fluctuations of the cylinder torque were wide and their frequency distributions were almost normal when the feed rates were low. It is noteworthy in the case of designing the cylinder shaft that the maximum torques amounted to six times as much as the mode at the high feed rate.
2) The fluctuation of the clyinder torque seems to be caused by the free vibration of the cylinder torque, the complex system for power transmission in the combine and the complicated external forces through threshing.
3) Although at the light load the force acted on a concave was fluctuated by the threshing tooth on the cylinder and concave, at the heavy load the frequency of the fluctuation redued to half of the fluctuation at the light load.
This phenomenon seems to show that threshing as well as cuttingand pressing of straws are carried out at the firstrow of the concave tooth in the case of the light load, but at the heavy load the flow of rice fed to the threshing device changed.
4) The contact pressure distribution pattern under the full tracked combine was never uniform. The maximum pressure was observed under the fore of the track contacted with soil, and amounted to six times as much as the average.
5) The torque of the travelling counter shaft fluctuated periodically with pitching of the combine which was caused by the reciprocating motion of the straw rack.View full abstractDownload PDF (861K) -
Ritsuya YAMASHITA1967 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 77-81
Published: September 01, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHarvesting the rough rice by the combine, if we expect to make less injury or loss, we must be ready for the increase of the mixture of straw.
As this rough rice and straw mixtures not only increase the water to be removed and reduce the capacity of the rice drying plant, but also increase the injured grain in storage, it is to be desired that we remove them as fast as we can.
To contribute to this purpose, the tests of drying characteristics and specific gravity of each straw parts were conducted and the following results were obtained.
(1) In the culm just after harvesting the moisture content is high, expecially in the top. As the evaporation is violent at the leaf blade in the day, the moisture content there is pretty low.
(2) In the culm just after harvesting the specific gravity is considerably high, and they scarcely differ from that in rough rice. Therefore the culm can not be removed perfectly by the separating with only the winnower and is the main matter as the mixed calm.
(3) For the cut straw the drying speed of each parts reduces in order of leaf blade, leaf sheath, culm, culm and leaf sheath, node and rough rice. The difference of drying speed is depend on the nature of vegitable and the empirical formulas of the drying speed are expressed as follorws.
Y=ax-b (for rough rice or leaf)
Y=ae-bx (for calm, node and so on)
where Y: moisture content x: dryng hours
a and b: constant number depend on keeping temperature and air volume
(4) If the cut straw is elongated, the drying speed is remarkably reduced. It is because the evaporation at the cutting face is much and the evaporations at the inside and outside of culm are pretty little.
(5) The calm in a bad condition has the low drying speed and has considerably high moisture content after preliminary drying, and the problems of storage and winnowing are left unsolved.View full abstractDownload PDF (834K) -
Vibrating Characteristcs and Injury of Pears in Carton BoxYutaka CHUMA, Satoshi MURATA, Takemi ABE, Isao HAYAKAWA1967 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 82-87
Published: September 01, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe vibrating characteristics and vibration damage of pears and citrusunshiu in carton box were observed under simulated in-transit.
1) Tte softness of the pears expressed by loaddeflection ratios increased lineally with the magnitude of the acceleration:
Y=6.46X+5.2 (Fig. 4)
where X=magnitude of acceleration.
Y=softness.
2) The softness increased with the vibration frequencies and amplitudes. (Fig. 5 and 6)
3) The softness increased as the box was stacked higher, and one in the top box was twice as in the bottom. (Fig. 7)
4) In the case of the three stacked box, the resonance frequency of the box containing the pears were 300cpm. in the top, and 250cpm. both in the middle and bottom in vertical one. (Fig. 8)
5) The resonance frequency of the pears in the top box was 300cpm in both directions. (Fig. 9)
6) The ratio of acceleration of the pears to one of the carton box containing the pears were caluculated. The frequency of 300cpm. gave the maximum value of 1.7 and 1.55 in the top and middle, but minimum value of 0.7 in the bottom. (Fig. 10)
7) The acceleration ratio of the carton box containing the citrusunshiu to the vibrator did not exceed 1.0 in the range of forced vibration. (Fig 11. -1)
The resonant vibration of the citrus-unshiu occured at the frequency of 100cpm The value was smaller by 200cpm compared with one of pears.View full abstractDownload PDF (2453K) -
On the vibratory acceleration of Agricultural vehicles due to the working conditionsYutaka CHUMA, Takemi ABE, Isao HAYAKAWA1967 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 88-91,87
Published: September 01, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe changes of vibratory accelerations of agricultural vehicles due to the working conditions were studied and the following results were obtained:
1) Both the tractor-carried-trailer and the rearcar showed a considerable value of acceleration (1.2g to 1.8g) in the slow running, while the tiller-carried-trailer showed a lower value of acceleration in spite of its handy and plain vehicle (cf. Fig. 2, Fig. 3).
2) Impact acceleration decreased inversely with. the increase of load on each vehicle (cf. Fig. 4).
3) The change of tire inflation pressure as far as concerned did not affect much on the impact acceleration of the vehicles (cf. Fig. 5).
4) The upper carton box piled upon the floor of tractor-carried-trailer was accelerated two times the acceleration of the lower one.
The impact acceleration of rear-car and tillercarried-trailer were not affected much by the height of piled carton box (cf. Fig. 6).
5) Uneveness (obstacles) located continuously on the testing road, even if a smaller one, caused a high value of acceleration. Passing over the step of 3.5cm height, the value of acceleration were measured as 0.6g by rear-car, 0.8g by tiller-carriedtrailer and 1.4g by tractor-carried-trailer (cf. Fig. 7).
6) The value of acceleration differs according to the located position of a carton box on the floor of trailer in the following order as, by tractor-carried-trailer:
(Rear part)>(Center part)>(Front part)
and by tiller-carried-trailer:
(Front part)>(Rear part)>(Center part)
These tendencies differ due to the construction of hitching (cf. Fig. 8).
7) The impact acceleration of the vehicles diminishes inversely with the increase of distance between the obstacles on the road (cf. Fig. 9).
8) Impact acceleration due to the starting and stopping of the vehicles were not large enough to be taken up as a problem (cf. Fig. 10).View full abstractDownload PDF (2348K) -
Thermal Characteristics of Citrus Unshu as Related to HydrocoolingSadato ISHIBASHI, Takayuki KOZIMA1967 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 92-97,114
Published: September 01, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. This report presents data on the fundamental and applied heat transfer characteristics of citrus Unshu being cooled with natural covected cooling water and air.
2. Solutions of cooling problems presented in terms of half-cooling times are based on the assumptions that the logarithm of the temperature reduction is linear and temperature reduction at every point in the substance occurs simultaneously at an equal rate.
But actually, there is a large time lag in temperature response at the fruit center. The presence of a time lag means that cooling rate data reported in terms of half-cooling times are not precise.
This report suggests that a slope of the cooling curve m or cooling coefficient Cc obtained by substituting (Z-τyes) for Z in equation 6 afford a describable criterion for evaluating cooling rate of substance.
3. The term effective thermal diffusivity α is a more precise characterization for whole citrus Unshu, consisting of components having dissimilar physical properties are not conforming to an expressible geometric configuration.
Differences in values of α were found to be statistically significant.
However, when considered in the sense of variation in actual cooling time, it is likely that the differences have a negligible significance in practice. Therefore, the average mean effective thermal diffusivity 0.00034 [m2/hr] within 0-15°C sample temperature, can be used in practice to predict expected cooling rate.
4. A chart (Fig. 14, 15) can be used to predict the time required to achieve a specified final temperature of fruit center having a given size and given initial temperature.
Computations for the chart were based on average effective thermal diffusivity of 0.00034 [m2/hr] and a water temperature of 0°C.
5. Also, Fig. 11, 12 (or equation 10-13) can be used to predict the time required to achieve a specified final temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (1229K) -
Effect of vibration on the later grade reduction of farm eggYutaka CHUMA, Mutsuo IWAMOTO1967 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 98-103
Published: September 01, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effècts of vibrational acceleration accompanied with the variety of environmental conditions on the later grade reduction of farm eggs were studied and the following results were obtained.
1. The effects of vibrational acceleration on the later grade reduction were measured.
(1) Weight loss during the storage increased with the value of g (vibrational acceleration) inflicted on an egg in the time of vibrating (cf. Fig2-1).
(2) Jarring by 1.0g for 20 minutes produced separation of the shell membrane from the egg membrane with consequent formation of a somewhat moval air cell in 5 days. (cf. Fig2-2).
(3) Decreasing gradient of the line of albumenindex and yolk-index does not show remarkable difference due to g (cf. Fig2-4).
2. The effects of vibrating time from 10 to 30min, on the later grade reduction of egg were measured, the value of g being fixed 0.4.
(1) Moisture loss of egg in the storage increased with vibrating time. Effect of vibration of 0.4g for 30min. equals to 0.6g for 20min. (cf. Fig3-1).
(2) Albumen and yolk index decreased with vibrating time (cf. Fig3-2).
(3) Air-cell-diameter expanded with vibrating time, remarkably from 10 to 20min. (cf. Fig3-3).
3. The effects of egg-temperature as vibrated on the later grade reduction were measured.
Low temperature of egg as vibrated diminished both the later weight loss and the expansion of air-cell (cf. Fig4).
4. The effects of storage conditions after vibrated on the later grade reduction were measured.
(1) Moisture loss, albumen and yolk index and air-cell-diameter are much influenced by storage temperature and wrapping conditions (cf. Fig5-1.3).
Polyethylene-wrapped products accompanied with low temperature as 4°C are effective for long preservation (Fig5-2).
(2) Eggs preserved by 15°C, unwrapped, reached to the amount of dripping of albumen by 24c.c, in 14 days.
5. The value of CO2 occurrence from egg by respiration increased with vibrational acceleration excepting 0.8g.
Higher value of CO2 occurrence lasted as accelerated by larger g (cf. Fig6).
6. The value of g on each of the combined vessel, flats and eggs showed the same as vibrated by acceleration.
Egg is seemed to absorb the effect of vibration of 0.8g. (cf. Fig7).View full abstractDownload PDF (2907K) -
Yutaka CHUMA, Hiromi IZUMI, Takahisa MATSUOKA1967 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 104-108,103
Published: September 01, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of mechanical forces on the epidermis bruise and respiration of Citrus Unshiu during the handling and transport were studied, and the following results were obtained:
1. Epidermis bruise of Citrus Unshiu on each process of sorting machinery was investigated by using T. T. C solution. The bruise curve riled in accordance with the passing of processing, especially at the parts of 1-2, 6-7, and 8-9 as shown in Fig. 1. (cf. Fig. 4).
2. The effect of various sort of load on the epidermis bruise of Citrus Unshiu was compared.
(1) The bruise due to the rolling of Citrus Unshiu accompanied with compressing load increased with the compressing load and diminished inversely with the degree of warming fruit. (cf. Fig. 5-(2)).
(2) The bruise increased with the height of falling from 15 to 115cm, and diminished inversely with the degrees of curing (diminishing water content of epidermis from 2 to 6 percent). (cf. Fig. 5-(1) (3)).
(3) The bruise increased with the vibratory acceleration of G. (cf. Fig. 6).
3. The effect of mechanical stimulation on the respiration of Citrus Unshiu (co2 content of respiration) was investigated by using Infrared Gas Awalyzey (Type EIA-1).
(1) Max value of co2 is reached so sooner as the Citrus Unshiuis dropped on the harder recei ving receptacle made of concrete, wood, corruga ted cardboard, and Citrus Unshiu in the order. (cf. Fig. 7).
(2) The stimulation due to the combination of vibratory acceleration (0.2 to 0.8G) and vibrating period (5 to 20min) resulted in a little change on the respiration. (of. Fig. 8-(1)).
(3) The kind of mechanical stimulation effected much on the respiration of Citrus Unshiu.
The one reached to inner flesh resulted in remarkable increase of co2, while the one acting on an outer epidermis only resulted a little. (cf. Fig. 8-(2)).
(4) The degree of respiration due to the rolling of Citrus Unshiu accompanied with compressing load, showed a remarkable increase with the repeat of rolling and compressing load. (cf. Fig. 8-(3), (4)).View full abstractDownload PDF (1052K) -
[in Japanese]1967 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 109
Published: September 01, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (164K) -
[in Japanese]1967 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 110-114
Published: September 01, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (965K) -
1967 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 115-118
Published: September 01, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (586K)
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