JOURNAL of the JAPANESE SOCIETY of AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY
Online ISSN : 1884-6025
Print ISSN : 0285-2543
ISSN-L : 0285-2543
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Volume 60, Issue 2
Displaying 1-31 of 31 articles from this issue
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    1998 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 1-2
    Published: March 01, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.60.2_1
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • A Slip-Line Analysis for the Bearing Capacity of Farm Land on a Sole Pan (Part 1)
    Interfering Slip-Line Fields
    Koichi HASHIGUCHI, Takeshi SHIKANAI, Toru KUKITA, Masami UENO, Masahir ...
    1998 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 3-10
    Published: March 01, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.60.2_3
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    Bearing capacity of farm land which generally consists of soft soil on hard sole pan differs from that of homogeneous semi-infinite ground. In this study the bearing capacity of farm land for a vehicle which is regarded as two adjacent loads penetrating into soil on rigid pan in plane strain is analyzed by the slip-line method in order to establish a reasonable designing method for the traveling device of vehicles. Five types of the slip-line field are proposed for variation of load width and its interval.
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  • Basic Study on Rice Transplanter in the Mulching Cultivation System for Early Season Culture Rice (Part 2)
    Theoretical Analysis of Knife Type Mulch Slit Cutting Mechanism
    Kenji HIYOSHI, Masateru NAGATA, Teruhisa UMEZAKI, Hongyong WANG, Yoshi ...
    1998 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 11-18
    Published: March 01, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.60.2_11
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    The motion equation of mulch slit cutting mechanism was deduced from combining the knife motion equation and the rotary type transplanting motion equation. The motions of the planting finger and the knife were simulated to determine the theoretical mulch slit length and planting position. Results showed that theoretical slit length is longer when planting depth is deeper, and shorter when hill spacing is wider. The planting position varies from the center of the slit to the front. Tests on the sliding soil bin, laid with film, showed that the tip of knife reached the film earlier than the planting finger, all slits were straight, and the planting position was similar to the theoretical value. Therefore, the possibility of making slits while transplanting was confirmed.
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  • Through Flow Rotary Dryer for Brown Rice
    Takaharu KAMEOKA, Nobutaka ITOU
    1998 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 19-26
    Published: March 01, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.60.2_19
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    Experimental through flow dryer for rice, especially for brown rice was designed and constructed for the application of the Roto Louvre dryer. Experiments were carried out on rough rice and brown rice under the different air temperature conditions. As a result, it was shown that the drying of brown rice was much faster than that of rough rice. The drying curve of brown rice obtained by this dryer was similar to that of thin layer drying if the drying condition was the same. The latter and the good fluidized stir inside the dryer suggests that the drying rate of brown rice could be approximate to a thin layer's one. Taking into consideration that this drying method causes little cracking to the grain kernel, the most suitable air temperature condition for fast drying would be about 30°C to 40°C.
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  • Stabilization of Rice Products by Ethanol-Spraying (Part 2)
    Quality and Storability of Treated Rice
    Chuanping FENG, Yelian MIAO, Hidechika TOYOSHIMA, Shigeru YOSHIZAKI
    1998 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 27-35
    Published: March 01, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.60.2_27
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    In order to improve the storability of milled rice, ethanol-spraying treatment was conducted under the condition of weight ratio of ethanol solution to milled rice from 0.2% to 15% and holding time from 30s to 60min. Effects of the treatment on physical and chemical properties and storability of milled rice were investigated. The residual enzymatic activity in the treated rice decreased to 34-37% at the weight ratio of 1% and the holding time from 10min to 60min. The mold count of milled rice kernels was significantly reduced by the ethanol-spraying. The ethanol-spraying treatment did not influence the gelatinization properties by RVA (Rapid-Visco-Analyzer) and water absorption of milled rice. The whiteness degree, cracked kernels soaked and not soaked in water increased after the treatment. In duration of storage, increase in fat acidity, maximum viscosity, breakdown and mold count of treated rice was lower than those of untreated rice, demonstrating that the ethanol-spraying treatment could inhibit the deterioration of milled rice.
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  • Water Absorption Characteristics of Beans in Soaking
    Akio TAGAWA, Yoshiki MURAMATSU, Takamasa KASAI, Fusakazu AI, Satoshi M ...
    1998 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 37-44
    Published: March 01, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.60.2_37
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    The characteristics of water absorption of adzuki beans and kidney beans were measured at five different temperatures ranging from 10°C to 50°C. As for the results, the water absorption process of these beans was constituted by three periods of water absorption, i. e. the initial absorption period, the constant rate period, the falling rate period. In the initial absorption and the falling rate period, the data of moisture content changes were fitted by applying a non-liner least squares method to the approximate solution of the diffusion equation, respectively. As for the results, the measured results agreed well with the calculated results; and the exponential model, which is the approximate solution of diffusion equation, was employed to describe the change of moisture content in these periods. An Arrhenius type equation was used to relate the water absorption rate constants of these beans to temperature in each period, which had a good fit to the measured data.
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  • Basic Studies on Microwave Heating of Shrimp (Part 1)
    Unfrozen State
    Fumihiko TANAKA, P. MALLIKARJUNAN, Yen-Con HUNG
    1998 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 45-52
    Published: March 01, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.60.2_45
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    Dielectric properties of shrimp (Penaeus sp.) were measured at frequencies between 300 to 3, 000MHz from 0 to 70°C by using a network analyzer. The effects of frequency, temperature and sample orientation on dielectric properties were discussed. At all temperatures, the dielectric constant decreased as frequency increased from 300MHz to 3, 000MHz. The dielectric loss factor decreased with increasing frequency blow about 2, 000MHz, and then reached approximately constant or increased a little. For commercial significance, dielectric properties data at 915 and 2, 450MHz were considered in more detail. The results suggested a linear relationship between the dielectric constant and temperatures, and a quadaratic relationship between the dielectric loss factor and temperatures. The relationships between the penetration depth and temperature at both frequencies were evaluated from the experimental data.
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  • Studies on Self-learning Autonomous Vehicles (Part 4)
    Online Neuro-controller
    Kazunobu ISHII, Hideo TERAO, Noboru NOGUCHI, Michio KISE
    1998 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 53-58
    Published: March 01, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.60.2_53
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    Agricultural vehicles operate in an offroad environment, and the attached implements are changed as occasion demands; thereby, the motion characteristics of the vehicle essentially change. The purpose of this study is to develop an adaptive steering controller using the measurement system of a position and a heading angle dealt in previous studies. To suit the environment change, an adaptable neuro-controller was developed, utilizing a self-organization function of a neural network. Computer simulations using a vehicle simulator were performed. As a result, the online neuro-controller could adapt to the change in the field surface condition, and make the vehicle travel precisely. Furthermore, in consideration of an actual vehicle system, position estimation using the vehicle simulator was developed for compensating a time delay of the positioning system. It was clear that the neuro-controller can appropriately adapt for the change in the field surface, and is also effective for a farm field by the experiment using the developed position estimation.
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  • Autonomous Tractor for Forage Production
    Mitsuyoshi ISHIDA, Kenji IMOU, Atsushi OKADO, Hiroshi TAKENAGA, Yoshif ...
    1998 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 59-66
    Published: March 01, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.60.2_59
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    An autonomous tractor was developed for the purpose of saving labors in forage production. Precise recognition of the position and direction of the vehicle is required for autonomous driving. In this system, two internal sensors (a fiber optic gyroscope and an ultrasonic Doppler velocimeter) were mounted on the tractor to detect the yaw angular velocity and the running speed. The tractor position was calculated by integrating those outputs. The steering was operated by a personal computer under the combination of on-off and proportional control methods. The results of 50m straight running tests on a flat field at the speed of 4 steps from 0.7m/s to 1.8m/s showed that the maximum lateral displacement from the reference line was less than 10cm. In the case of 400m running at the speed of 1.2m/s for straight running and 0.8m/s for turning, whitch was carried out to demonstrate the practical application, the maximum displacement from the predetermined path was about 1.5m.
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  • Basic Studies on Automatization of Chrysanthemum Cutting Sticking Operation (Part 1)
    Development of Chrysanthemum Cutting Recognizing Algorithm by Use of Color Image and Chain Code
    Naoshi KONDO, Yuichi OGAWA, Mitsuji MONTA
    1998 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 67-74
    Published: March 01, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.60.2_67
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    A cutting sticking operation is laborious and requires long time especially for a large amount of chrysanthemum seedlings in Japan. In this paper, a detecting algorithm of chrysanthemum cutting is described for automation of the cutting sticking operation. An image of the chrysanthemum cutting was acquired by a color TV camera and a stem end of the cutting was detected on a thresholding image by combination to use MFN (Most Frequent Number) method based on chain code and a method to recognize the stem shape around a candidate point of the stem end. From the experimental results, it was observed that its success rate was 88% and that 1.5 seconds was required for the detection.
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  • Automatic Thinning Mechanism of Sugar Beets (Part 2)
    Recognition of Sugar Beets by Image Color Information
    Naonori TOSAKA, Shun-ichi HATA, Hiroshi OKAMOTO, Munehiro TAKAI
    1998 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 75-82
    Published: March 01, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.60.2_75
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    In order to establish the image processing method for automatic thinning of sugar beets, the applicability of image color information for recognition of the sugar beets was discussed. Light quantity index (L/F2) was introduced as the index of incident light quantity through a lease. Under daylight conditions, RGB brightnesses of plants and soil were regressed by light quantity indices regardless of time and sky. Using these regression curves, the optimum plane to separate plants from soil was determined in a RGB space, and plants were able to recognized with a constant threshold on this plane in a range of 2000<L/F2<6000. In sugar beets separation from weeds, RGB brightnesses of plants were transformed to YIQ color system for the distinction of leaves color. Using Q value after the appropriate contraction on the extracted plants image, 55-78% of weeds were erazed with preserving the figure of sugar beet leaves.
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  • Growth Inhibitory Effect of Hydrophobic-Gas Pressure on Bacteria within a Food Model
    Atsushi HASHIMOTO, Sei-ichi OSHITA
    1998 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 83-88
    Published: March 01, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.60.2_83
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    The growth inhibitory effect on bacteria on and in a food model was studied by making the water structured under the xenon-gas pressure. The effect on the bacteria was enhanced as the development of structured water formation with increase in the xenon-gas partial pressure ranging from 0.15 to 0.93 MPa. In addition, the influence of the distance from the surface of the food model to the bacteria on its growth inhibitory was negligible, and almost the same effect was observed in the region of the distance shorter than 4.3mm. Further, the significant difference of the growth inhibitory effect among four bacterial strains was observed, and this method indicated the greater effect on the gram-negative bacteria than the gram-positive ones.
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  • Trajectory Control for Agricultural Autonomous Vehicles (Part 1)
    For Four-Steering Vehicles
    Tomohiro TAKIGAWA, Toshio KONAKA, Masayuki KOIKE, Ryozou NOGUCHI, Hide ...
    1998 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 89-96
    Published: March 01, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.60.2_89
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    Trajectory control method of implements mounted on autonomous agricultural vehicles which are equipped with four-wheel-steering mechanism have been studied. This method was developed based on the fact that lateral moving speed and yaw angular velocity can be controlled individually in four-wheel-steering vehicles. The required condition for tracking was derived from simplified equations of motion with assumptions which include no tire skidding, steady state motion and a flat and level surface. A method for calculating steering angle which fulfills the tracking condition was also proposed. Simulations of 90 degree turns indicated that while the proposed control method make a mounted implement move on a given path preciously, the required steering angle was strongly dependent on the shape of the paths. After comparing three shapes of paths (square corner, circular arc and clothoid curve), it was concluded that the clothoid path is most suitable among the compared path functions.
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  • Mechanical Characteristics of Rice Stalk
    Fiji INOUE, Young-keun KIM, Koichi HASHIGUCHI, Takashi OKAYASU, Jun KA ...
    1998 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 97-102
    Published: March 01, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.60.2_97
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    Flexural rigidity and deflection characteristics of rice stalks were examined in order to make clear the mechanical interaction between a rice stalk and a combine reel in harvesting. Deflection of a rice stalk caused by reel operation is so large that conventional equation of small deflection for elastic beam cannot be adapted to a presumption of a deflection characteristics. Therefore, equation of large deflection for elastic beam were introduced to solve this problem. Availability of this equation was examined by comparison with the measuring results of piano wire, and relationship between deflection and load acting on a rice stalk was presumed by this equation. As a result, measuring results corresponded to predicted ones considerably. Furthermore, the flexural rigidity of rice stalk varied on the direction of height, was discussed.
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  • Development of Simplified Spinach Harvester (Part 1)
    Trial Manufacture of Portable Harvester and Problems to Improve
    Yukiya KOBAYASHI
    1998 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 103-110
    Published: March 01, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.60.2_103
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    A portable spinach harvester was developed experimentally, and the problems to develop more convenient and efficient machine was examined, employing three kinds of varieties of spinach as testing material. The results indicated that the working efficiency of the machine was corresponding to 60% of manpower operation. In the variety belonging to upright-type leaf, the rate of spinach to ship was between 76 and 79%, and that of unavailable to ship was between 10 and 12% in ordinary operation, when the propriety of shipping was judged by the degree of the damage of leaf and the cut length of root. Residual spinach could be shipped after 1 or 2 sheets of leaf were discarded. In the case of spreading-type leaf variety, however, harvesting by this machine was unsuitable because spinach was damaged, and this machine is currently suitable for upright-type leaf. Presently, experiment is intensively carrying out to achieve higher efficiency than manpower; for example, improvement of cutting device to increase the number of stocks by one operation, and the carrier mechanism to control plant posture for the reduction of damaged leaves.
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  • Packing Characteristics of Small Fixed Chamber Type Roll Baler
    Masahiro KAMEI, Nobuki YAMANA
    1998 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 111-116
    Published: March 01, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.60.2_111
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    To make clear the packing characteristics of small fixed chamber type roll baler, we investigated the effects of moisture content, cutting length and pickup operating speed of straw and grass on the roll bale dry matter density and required power. Two kinds of small fixed chamber type roll balers mounted on tractors were used, chain conveyor type and roller type forming methods. The roller type offered higher packing density than the chain conveyor type, but required more power, and the bale dry matter density per maximum required power was lower. When grass and uncut straw were packed with the chain conveyor type, the most suitable pickup operating speed which reduced the maximum required power was available. When wheat and rice straw 5cm or longer were packed, differences in cutting length hardly affected the roll bale dry matter density per maximum required power in both forming methods.
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  • Optical Methods for Quality Evaluation of Fruits (Part 1)
    Optical Properties of Selected Fruits Using the Kubelka-Munk Theory and Their Relationships with Fruit Maturity and Sugar Content
    I Wayan BUDIASTRA, Yoshio IKEDA, Takahisa NISHIZU
    1998 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 117-128
    Published: March 01, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.60.2_117
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    The optical properties of apple (Fuji) and Japanese pear (Nijisseiki) on wavelengths from 240 to 2600nm were studied with the Kubelka Munk (K-M) theory. The effect of the presence of the skin and the degree of fruit maturity to the K-M parameters were examined and the possibility of detection of the quality of these fruits were investigated. The presence of the skin yields an increase in absorption coefficients K in the visible region, but decreases in the near infrared region. The presence of the skin yields an increase in scattering coefficients S in almost the entire region. The correlation coefficients were highest (r≥0.91) for the relationships between the log (1/R∞) or absorption coefficients K at 550nm for apple and at 620nm for pear and their sugar contents.
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  • Appropriate Technology Development and Future Prospects on Agricultural Mechanization in Tanzania (Part 2)
    Development of Appropriate Farm Equipment
    Masahiro YONEYAMA, Toshiyuki TSUJIMOTO, Hai SAKURAI, Koji YAMAGUCHI
    1998 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 129-133
    Published: March 01, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.60.2_129
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  • Mechanization of Rice Production in Italy (Part 1)
    Outline
    Mitsuhiro HORIO
    1998 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 135-138
    Published: March 01, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.60.2_135
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  • Application of Remote Sensing to Information-based Presision Farm Management (Part 2)
    Yoshio INOUE
    1998 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 139-146
    Published: March 01, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.60.2_139
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  • Pattern Recognition using Fourier Series—In Case of Sorting Orchid Seedlings—
    Measurement of Images and its Applications (Part 2)
    Tsuguo OKAMOTO
    1998 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 147-150
    Published: March 01, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.60.2_147
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  • Detecting Method of Fruit Using Pattern Recognition
    Measurement of Images and its Applications (Part 2)
    Shu-Huai ZHANG
    1998 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 150-153
    Published: March 01, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.60.2_150
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  • Detection of the Position by Dynamic Animation
    Measurement of Images and its Applications (Part 2)
    Satoshi OKE
    1998 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 154-157
    Published: March 01, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.60.2_154
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  • Basic Directions of Vegetable Post-harvest Technology
    Eiji SHINMOTO
    1998 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 160-163
    Published: March 01, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.60.2_160
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  • Packinghouse Equipments for Vegetables and Fruits
    Sadao OMORI
    1998 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 163-167
    Published: March 01, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.60.2_163
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  • Recent Developments of Sorting and Grading Systems for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables
    Yasuyuki SAGARA
    1998 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 167-174
    Published: March 01, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.60.2_167
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  • New Technology of the Post-harvest Fresh Keeping on Fruits and Vegetables
    Yoshinori HASEGAWA
    1998 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 174-180
    Published: March 01, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.60.2_174
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  • Present Situation and Problems on Distribution of Fruits and Vegetables in Japan
    Yoshio IKEGAYA
    1998 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 180-188
    Published: March 01, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.60.2_180
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  • Submerged Rice Hill Seeder Combined with Paddy Harrow
    T. TOGASHI
    1998 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 189-190
    Published: March 01, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.60.2_189
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  • Universal Tuber-crop Harvester
    K. YAMAMOTO
    1998 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 191-192
    Published: March 01, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.60.2_191
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  • New Carrot Harvesting Mechanization Technique
    H. CHIBA
    1998 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 193-194
    Published: March 01, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.60.2_193
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