JOURNAL of the JAPANESE SOCIETY of AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY
Online ISSN : 1884-6025
Print ISSN : 0285-2543
ISSN-L : 0285-2543
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Volume 71, Issue 3
Displaying 1-25 of 25 articles from this issue
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ESSAY
SUMMARY OF AWARD PAPERS
SPECIAL EDITION
TECHNO-TOPICS
RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
PAPERS (Articles)
RESEARCH PAPERS
  • Characteristics of Fermentation of Biodegradable Plastics Mixed with Household Solid Waste by Thermophilic Dry Anaerobic Co-digestion
    Dongsheng XIAO, Juzo MATSUDA, Baogang LIU, Kazuhiko OHMIYA
    2009 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 3_55-3_62
    Published: May 01, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: November 06, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.71.3_55
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    A simulated pilot experiment on household solid waste treated directly with biodegradable plastics was conducted by a thermophilic dry anaerobic digestion process to determine the fermentation characteristics of biodegradable plastics. A batch experiment showed that 7∼8 weeks was needed for complete decomposition of biodegradable plastics that are polylactide (PLA)-based. Rates of removal of PLA used in rubbish collection bags, fresh-keeping bags and drinking cups were about 37%, 80% and 52%, respectively. A continuous experiment using four reactors (R1, R2, R3 and R4) was also conducted with differences of carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios and different input amounts of PLA. The average PLA removal efficiencies of R2 and R3 at an organic loading rate of 6.6gVS/kg-sludge·day were approximately 49% and 33%, respectively.
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  • Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Online Real-Time Monitoring of Milk Quality during Milking (Part 2)
    ——Precision and Accuracy of Calibration Models to Assess Milk Quality during Milking——
    Masataka KAWASAKI, Shuso KAWAMURA, Hiroki NAKATSUJI, Motoyasu NATSUGA
    2009 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 3_63-3_69
    Published: May 01, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: November 06, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.71.3_63
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    We previously showed in part 1 that a near-infrared spectroscopic sensing system constructed on an experimental basis can be used to assess milk quality in the laboratory. In this study, we developed calibration models for predicting three major milk constituents (fat, protein and lactose) during milking by the sensing system and validated the precision and accuracy of the models. Coefficient of determination (r2) and standard error of prediction (SEP) of the validation set for fat were 0.94 and 0.55%, respectively. The values of r2 and SEP for protein were 0.80 and 0.13%, respectively, and the values of r2 and SEP for lactose were 0.83 and 0.09%, respectively. These results indicate that the sensing system can be used to assess milk quality in real-time during milking. From the data of milk constituents measured by the sensing system and milk flow rate during milking, we calculated milk constituents of whole one milking. The calculated values of milk constituents well agreed with the reference values.
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  • Use of NIR and GIS in Assisting the High Quality Sugarcane Production (Part 3)
    ——Application of quality and potassium mapping using GIS technique——
    Eizo TAIRA, Masami UENO, Liya SUN, Yoshinobu KAWAMITSU, Yasuaki KOMIYA
    2009 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 3_70-3_77
    Published: May 01, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: November 06, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.71.3_70
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    To assist the high quality sugarcane production, the practice of individual farm management was investigated using a geographic information system (GIS) with the data of both from the quality-based payment system and the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR). In 2000/01 and 2001/02, the data such as cropping type, potassium content, and unit yield from all fields in Minami-Daito Island were mapped and analyzed to understand the geographical distribution of the crop. Moreover, annual standardization of data including unit yield, sugar content, and potassium content, which reduces the influence of weather, led to better evaluation of each field characteristics. An increase in potassium content was also observed. The system presented can be utilized in improvement of fertilizer management.
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  • Effect of Low-moisture Preconditioning of Rice on Texture and Eating Quality
    Takuma GENKAWA, Toshitaka UCHINO, Fumihiko TANAKA, Daisuke HAMANAKA, H ...
    2009 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 3_78-3_84
    Published: May 01, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.71.3_78
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    We investigated effect of the damaged cooked rice (DCR) on texture and eating quality of cooked rice to identify the cause of deterioration in eating quality. Rice grains cooked after drying to 10.3% wet basis (w.b.) were visually classified into intact grain and three types of DCR grain ; grain with a transverse crack, grain with a longitudinal crack, and grain with flatly-broadened kernel. Considering hardness and stickiness, transverse cracked and longitudinal cracked grains had about half values of intact grain. In addition, these cracked grains accounted for more than 50% of rice grains cooked after drying to 10.3%w.b. From these results, it emerged that transverse cracked and longitudinal cracked grains decreased texture and eating quality.
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TECHNICAL PAPERS
  • Improvement of Adaptability and Reliability of Tilling Robot (Part 3)
    ——Various Unmanned Operation with Tilling Robot——
    Yosuke MATSUO, Osamu YUKUMOTO, Satoshi YAMAMOTO, Noboru NOGUCHI, Yoshi ...
    2009 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 3_85-3_93
    Published: May 01, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.71.3_85
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    Tilling robot can perform unmanned rotary tilling at a practical level. At first, to utilize the robot effectively, we suggested an application in which one operator manually operates the usual tractor while causing the robot to perform unmanned operation. Second, to apply the robot to other work, operation software for “seeding” and “soil puddling” were made based on software for rotary tilling. In a field test of the first application, one operator could perform tilling efficiently, approximately 1.8 times the manual operation. In field tests of the second application, one operator could execute wheat seeding precisely with saving labor. The unmanned soil puddling could be performed more efficiently than by conventional manual operation.
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  • Development of a Series Hybrid-Electric Crawler Farm Transporter
    ——Driving-Range, Energy Consumption, and Drivetrain Efficiency——
    Joel M. ALCARAZ, Jun YAMASHITA, Kazunobu SATO
    2009 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 3_94-3_103
    Published: May 01, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.71.3_94
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    A prototype series hybrid-electric crawler farm transporter (HECFT) was developed as an innovative approach in improving energy efficiency, reducing tailpipe gases and noise, and providing mobile power generation on the agricultural farm.
    It was tested under different weight loads, operational speeds, and road inclinations. The results showed that the prototype was stable at a maximum tilt angle of 61°. It runs under full-electric mode from 2.4km to 3.8km distance with 0kg to 200kg weight load at an average speed of 1km/h to 2km/h. The 4.4kW ICE-driven conventional transporter overall energy efficiency was 24.4% while it was 44.5% on the average for the 2.5kW HECFT. The prototype is 180% more energy efficient than the conventional ICE and can serve as a mobile power generator for electric-driven farm equipments.
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  • Investigation of Missing Plant for Cane Plant and Development of Supplemental Planter
    Maro TAMAKI, Takeshi SHIKANAI, Toru AKACHI, Akira ADANIYA
    2009 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 3_104-3_114
    Published: May 01, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.71.3_104
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    The missing plant rate of sugarcane stock in the field in Okinawa might reach 25% or more. Supplementary planting was found necessary to prevent decreased production. The stalk inclination greatly influences the damage to the sugarcane stock when harvesting by machine. In particular, the damage rate of sprouts in the field was 35% or more when machines harvest against the direction of lodging. This value became twice or more the damage rate from harvesting following lodging. Supplementary planting of sugarcane is generally done by human labor. In this study, we developed a tractor-pulled supplemental planter for reducing labor. This machine can be used with ratoon cane plant of Jagal and Shimajiri marji soil and was demonstrated to be 14% more efficient than human labor.
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