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Volume 25 (1963 - 196･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 203-
- Issue 3 Pages 131-
- Issue 2 Pages 67-
- Issue 1 Pages 2-
Volume 25, Issue 4
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Experimental Method on the Effects of Shape & Mechanism Factors of Tillage Devices upon the Soil Stress and Resistance Force ComponentsO. KITANI1964 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 203-208
Published: March 31, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe main aims of these experiments are, firstly to clarify the effects of the factors concerning mechanism of tillage devices and shape of their blades upon the soil stress distribution as well as the resistance force, and secondary to verify the stress theory which the author mentioned before.
As the shape factors, discontinuity of cutting plane, curvature of blades and cutting angle are taken up. As the mechanism factors, velocity and degree of freedom of motion are picked up. Several kinds of model blades with different shape factors have been made.
A series of experiments are carried out using soil bin test devices. After the preparation of soil in uniform condition, D-18 Type Micro Soil Stress Meters are buried in the 12 points of furrow slice cross section. The direction of Stress Meters is also varied in 0, 45 and 90 degrees. Then, stress analysis is carried out, and the stress distribution in furrow slice, special soil stress indexes and stress of plane of soil failure are obtained. Three resistance force components are measured also and investigated.View full abstractDownload PDF (1248K) -
Experimental Results on the Effects of Shape & Mechanism Factors of Tillage Devices upon the Soil Stress and Resistance Force ComponentsO. KITANI1964 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 209-213
Published: March 31, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing the experimental method described in the previous report, a series of factor tests were carried out and obtained data were analyzed. The main results are following: 1) Although the fluctuation of measured value of soil stress is considerably large and obtained data may be considered as only qualitative data, soil stress measurement is very useful for studying real reasons of resistance force change. 2) The stress theory has been proved to be right and useful for studying new tillage method with minimum resistance force. 3) In the case of discontinuous blades, the horizontal resistance force component is less than that of continuous blade. This is thought to be caused by the stress reduction at the slit as well as the reduction of frictional, shearing and cutting resistance near the slit. 4) Minus curved blades have been proved to need less draft than plus blades.
This is caused from the less soil compressing character of minus blades. 5) With the increase of cutting angle as well as cutting velocity, the compressive tendency of furrow slice is strengthened, therefore the resistance increases. 6) Degree of freedom of blade motion causes stress relaxation in furrow slice, consequently the horizontal resistance decreases. But because of the vertical compressive action near the lower part of disc blade, the vertial component increases considerably.View full abstractDownload PDF (916K) -
Dynamic Characteristics of Three-Point Fixed Link HitchS. MASUDA, S. UMEDA1964 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 214-218
Published: March 31, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe forces which act on the three point fixed link hitch attached with the plow were measured, and compared with those of the free link hitch.
The experimental results were summarized as follows:
1. The upper link forces of fixed link hitch were smaller than those of the free link hitch.
2. The upper and lower link forces increased as the lift rod forces decreased.
3. The directions of the plowing resistance conducted from the three link forces were fairly upward, because the weight of plow acts on the link.
4. The weight transfer was the largest at the special plowing depth, when the lift rod force was tension.
This weight transfer in the fixed link hitch was larger than those of the free link hitch. But when the lift rod force was compression, the weight transfer decreased.View full abstractDownload PDF (709K) -
Analysis of Hydraulically Controlled Three-Point Link HitchS. MASUDA, S. UMEDA1964 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 219-222
Published: March 31, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe dynamic analysis of the automatic control system with hydraulically controlled three-point link hitch were explained with using the Signal Flow Graph, and were mentioned the characteristics of hydraulic valve. It was very effective method to synthesize this system, because the values of the each element in this system could be considered separately.
In this link system, the internal resistance of hydraulic valve (four way valve) was important to stabilize the system. So, it was desirable to use the under-lap type hydraulic valve.View full abstractDownload PDF (596K) -
Tractor Sinkage and Cone IndexT. TANAKA, I. NISHIMURA, T. AZUMA, O. KITAGAWA1964 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 223-226
Published: March 31, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe presumption of the sinkage of the agricultural tractors on the soft paddy field near the Lake Biwa in Japan by the cone penetrometer developed in the Waterways Experiment Station was tested. The diagrams shown in figures 2, 3, 8 and 9 are the penetrating resistances in each depth measured by the cone, TN-1, having the base area of half square inches. In figures 2 and 3, the resistance measured by the smaller cone, TN-2, having the base area of two square centi-metres, were shown, too. The penetrating resistances by the smaller-cone were lower.
The vehicle cone indexes of the agricultural tractors and the combine harvesters were shown in figure 4. The abscissa of the figure (a) is the weight of the vehicle and that of (b) is contact pressure factor×weight factor/tire factor×1ug factor. By the reason that the relation of the vehicle cone index to the above factors was shown in linear as in figure 4, (b), the following formula is able to use as the rough expedient to estimate the vehicle cone index of the similar type agricultural tractors. Vehicle cone index=(vehicle weights in kg×50.4)/(tire width in inches×rim diameter in inches×number of tires×1ug factor)+33.7.
Actual sinkage of the tractors or combines had the excellent agreement with the sinkage presumed by the vehicle cone indexes and the cone diagrams as in figures 5, 6, 7 and 8.View full abstractDownload PDF (716K) -
On Puddling Conditions That Affect the Surface Pressure on the Lugs of the Puddling RotorS. YAMAZAWA1964 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 227-234
Published: March 31, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of some factors on the surface pressure of the puddling rotor lugs was experimented and the following results were obtained.
The surface pressure measures less than 0.1kg/cm2, in the range of natural crumbling, while in the range of crush crumbling it measures 0.7kg/cm2 at the maximum.
The maximum value of the surface pressure on lugs of the rotor is recorded in the range of 20°-0°before the lug reaches the lowest point in soil. If the surface pressure is analysed into the horizontal and the vertical components, the former reaches maximum in the range of 20°-0°while the latter in the range of 0°-20°.
The surface pressure on the lug is least when working on dry soil, and increases progressively in the order of moist, semi-moist and semi-dry soil. The soil condition below the crumbling limit is the most appropriate for making the load least and expediting the crumbling of soil.View full abstractDownload PDF (1319K) -
1964 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 234
Published: March 31, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (139K) -
On the Relation between Plowing Methods and Their Running Distance in outer Side of the FieldC. IGAKI1964 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 235-237
Published: March 31, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere are 5 kinds of method to carry out the plowing in outer side of the field.
(1) Followed plowing method (Fig. 1)
(2) Semi-followed plowing method (Fig. 2)
(3) Previously plowing method (Fig. 3)
(4) Exchanged plowing method (Fig. 4)
(5) Assorted plowing method (Fig. 5)
The method of calculation of the futile running distance of tractor is shown by next formulas.
(1) ∑Pf=4l/b(πr±b)
(2) ∑Ps=4l/b(πr+l)
(3) ∑Pp=4l/b(πr+A+B/2-2r-b)
(4) ∑Pe=2l/b(A+B-2l)
(5) ∑Pa=2l/b{2B+(π-2)r-l-b}
And the order of these methods is as follows:
∑Pf<∑Ps<∑Pa<∑Pe<∑PpView full abstractDownload PDF (469K) -
S. TSUNEMATSU, T. YOSHIDA, K. MATSUI, S. NAMBU1964 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 238-242
Published: March 31, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe results of the investigation in 1960 in Shinden-bara Fukuoka prefecture were reported in this journal vol. 23, No. 1, 1961. This paper reports about the results of investigation of soil physical and chemical properties and the growth and the yields of wheat in 1961 and 1962.
Most of this region are sticty, brown clay soil. The trouble for root development was caused by the soil compaction. The investigation were carried out to determine the lasting effects of pan-breaking for one or two years after the mechanical treatment. The results are as follows:
(1) The peak value of soil penetration are ranging from 70 to 100kg appears at the depth of 10cm below the surface. The value at the depth of 43cm is comparably low (10 or 20kg). It means the lasting effect by the chisel of pan-breaker.
(2) The layer of compacted soil is distributed at the furrow bottom (depth of 15cm below the surface). By the operation of drill opening, covering, cultivating, and ridging, the compaction increased.
(3) The soil is very hard. The apparent specific gravity at the untreated plot is 1.3 to 1.4, and 1.23 to 1.25 at the treated plot. The maximum value of soil porosity treated by the chisel is 53 percent.
(4) PH value of top soil is 4.3 to 5.7. The rate of organic matter in the soil is 8 percent. The humus is not contained. Therefore, it needs liming and farm manure spreading.
(5) The yield of wheat at the treated plot is 226 to 344kg. The yield was about two times of the rate at the untreated plot. Especially, the wheat above the subsoiling shows better cropping than the others.View full abstractDownload PDF (2650K) -
S. TSUNEMATSU, T. YOSHIDA, S. NAMBU, T. TANAKA1964 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 243-248
Published: March 31, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper repots the results of studies on the relations between the lasting effects of pan-breaking and the freezing action of soil, which were carried out on the 9th-10th of February, 1962, at Tokotan region in Konsen, Hokkaido. In the plots, the pan-breaking was practised in 1959 and 1960. The results are as follows;
1. In the untreated plots, the layer of the frozen soil seems to be formed thicker than in the treated plots. However, these tendencies were opposite to the results which were pointed out last year.
2. Generally in the treated plots, ice crystals are found at the lower layer in the frozen soil. However, in the untreated plots, they are found mainly at the middle or upper layer in the frozen soil.
3. In the double treated plots (60cm and 30cm depth), the tendencies of iu crystal formation are as follows. At the ordinary crop field, ice crystals are found mainly at the lower layer in the frozen soil, and furthermore the amount of iice crystals is little. However, at the pasture land, they are distributed to the overall layers of the frozen soil, and concentrations of ice are little.View full abstractDownload PDF (1120K) -
[in Japanese]1964 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 249-252
Published: March 31, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (5447K) -
[in Japanese]1964 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 253-256
Published: March 31, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (656K) -
1964 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 257-259
Published: March 31, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (597K)
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