JOURNAL of the JAPANESE SOCIETY of AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY
Online ISSN : 1884-6025
Print ISSN : 0285-2543
ISSN-L : 0285-2543
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Volume 71, Issue 2
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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ESSAY
SPECIAL EDITION
TECHNO-TOPICS
PAPERS (Articles)
RESEARCH PAPERS
  • Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Online Real-Time Monitoring of Milk Quality during Milking (Part 1)
    ——Precision and Accuracy of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Determining Milk Constituent Contents and Influence of Milk Temperature on Performance of Calibration Models——
    Masataka KAWASAKI, Shuso KAWAMURA, Hiroki NAKATSUJI, Motoyasu NATSUGA
    2009 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 2_39-2_45
    Published: March 01, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: October 24, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.71.2_39
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    We constructed an online near-infrared spectroscopic sensing system on an experimental basis. Calibration models for determining three major milk constituents (fat, protein and lactose) were developed, and the precision and accuracy of the models were validated. The sensing system can be used to assess milk quality with sufficient precision and accuracy. Moreover we evaluated the influence of milk temperature on the performance of calibration models in practical use. When the temperature of the validation subset was in the temperature range of the calibration subset, the performance of calibration models was good. Therefore, temperature compensation of a calibration model was possible using calibration subset that covers a variation in temperature of the sample to be measured.
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  • Positioning of an Autonomous Farm Vehicle for Conducting Shaft Tillage Cultivation
    Junya TATSUNO, Kiyoshi TAJIMA, Masayoshi KATO, Tadashi ISHII, Koji TAM ...
    2009 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 2_46-2_52
    Published: March 01, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: October 24, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.71.2_46
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    We describe a solar-powered robotic farming system. A high-precision localization system with a laser distance sensor for guidance of a working vehicle was studied in the field. In addition, we attempted to develop a shaft-tillage and transplanting attachment based on our findings on robot-oriented farming. Here we report the findings of a vehicle positioning experiment in which the vehicle was instructed to undertake repeated stop-and-go driving and execute tillage and transplanting operations while the vehicle was stopped. The root mean square of the positioning error was approximately 13mm and was due to a measurement error of the developed localization system. Factoring in the decrease in measurement accuracy will result in an ideal positioning accuracy of less than 10mm.
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  • Influence of Tractor Brake-Pedal Position on Right Lower Leg Load
    Akihiko SEO, Takako SAKAMOTO, Kouki DOI, Yutaka KIKUCHI, Makoto NAKANO ...
    2009 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 2_53-2_59
    Published: March 01, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: October 24, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.71.2_53
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    In this study we investigated the influence of tractor brake-pedal position on the right lower leg load for tractor-riding beginners by use of a tractor mock-up. In this experiment, seven healthy male subjects were asked to press the tractor brake pedal under the following twelve conditions of tractor-pedal position with 100 N pressure : (3 conditions (vertical direction from seat index point)×4 conditions (fourth direction from seat index point)). During the experiment, we measured right lower leg muscle activities with an electromyogram (EMG). We also estimated the maximum torque ratio of the right lower leg joints by two-dimensional static biomechanical analysis. Subjective assessment of the right lower leg load was recorded. Right lower leg load was evaluated on the basis of these estimated values. The results showed that right lower leg load decreased except in the case of the front, fourth and under brake-pedal positions.
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  • Analysis of the Interaction between a Tire and Soil by the Finite Element Method (Part 1)
    ——Two-dimensional Anisotropic Elastic Wheel Model of a Tire——
    Tatsuo HIROMA
    2009 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 2_60-2_65
    Published: March 01, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: October 24, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.71.2_60
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    In order to analyze the interaction between a traveling tire and soil by the two-dimensional finite element method, a tire model is required that has the same vertical and horizontal rigidities of the actual tire. An anisotropic elastic wheel model of a tire, in which the rigidities differ in the radial and tangential directions, is proposed in this paper. The anisotropic elastic moduli of the model were determined by performing vertical and horizontal rigidity tests. The results indicate that both the modulus of longitudinal elasticity in the radial direction and the modulus of transverse elasticity increase with an increase in tire inflation pressure. The results calculated using the measured anisotropic moduli agree reasonably well with the test results, demonstrating that the proposed model is appropriate.
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TECHNICAL PAPERS
  • Autonomous Control for Crawler-type Vehicle by Fuzzy Control
    ——Tracking Control for Straight Course——
    Jun-ichi TAKEDA, Masanori SAITOU, Ryo TORISU
    2009 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 2_66-2_73
    Published: March 01, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: October 24, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.71.2_66
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    The main objective of this research work is to develop an autonomous crawler-type agricultural vehicle through the application of fuzzy control principles. A virtual steering angle was introduced in order to simplify the parameters of the control system from a two-input system into a single-input system. Heading angle and calculated values of lateral deviation were employed within if-then rule conditions as input variables to the fuzzy controller, while the virtual steering angle was set to output. A genetic algorithm was then introduced to optimize the parameters of the fuzzy controller. Experiments on lane change maneuver with the vehicle running on concrete surface were carried out to evaluate the viability of the control strategy. Initial results were fundamentally successful, although a slight delay in obtaining a specific control value for both heading angle and steering angle occurred in the process.
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  • Development of New Technology for Alternative Diesel Fuel Production Involving Simultaneous Application of Methanolysis and Thermal Cracking (Part 3)
    ——Process Scale-up and Application for Waste Edible Oils——
    Wataru IIJIMA, Yuichi KOBAYASHI, Kazuhiro TAKEKURA, Hitoshi KATO, Ken ...
    2009 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 2_74-2_80
    Published: March 01, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: October 24, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.71.2_74
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    We developed a scale-up model of a previously reported alternative diesel fuel production plant and evaluated the characteristics of the fuel produced. For this plant, two reactors with internal diameters (I.D.s) of 8mm and 14mm, were constructed and evaluated. Our research showed that the 8mm I.D. reactor offered better performance in terms of reaction velocity than the 14mm I.D. reactor, and that the composition of the fuel produced in the 8mm I.D. reactor was nearly identical to that produced by our first small-scale test plant. We then evaluated fuel production at several reaction temperatures. The results of these evaluations showed that the reaction rate of thermal cracking increased at higher reaction temperatures, consequently improving the kinetic viscosity, pour point, iodine value and other physical characteristics of the fuel. However, it was also found that the overall fuel quality was affected by the quality of the material oils used in our plant and, as a result, it is essential to employ a suitable reaction temperature when using low-quality waste edible oils.
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  • Basal Application of Methane Fermentation Digested Liquid using a Slurry Injector
    Michihisa IIDA, Katsuaki OHDOI, Chanseok RYU, Mikio UMEDA
    2009 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 2_81-2_87
    Published: March 01, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: October 24, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.71.2_81
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    In order to use biomass efficiently, methane fermentation digested sludge is applied to rice paddy fields as an organic liquid fertilizer in Nantan City, Kyoto, Japan. In this study, field tests of the digested sludge application were conducted by a self-propelled slurry injector in 4 fields. A control system for a flow rate valve of the injector was developed to adjust the applied amount of sludge in proportional to the speed of operation. The injector equipped with this system could apply the digested sludge at an accuracy of −6.5∼1.4%. In addition, the operational efficiency of the injector was 25∼35min/10a. Finally, a nitrogen application map was generated by the Krigging method and the variability of nitrogen was visually displayed.
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