JOURNAL of the JAPANESE SOCIETY of AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY
Online ISSN : 1884-6025
Print ISSN : 0285-2543
ISSN-L : 0285-2543
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Volume 72, Issue 1
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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ESSAY
SPECIAL EDITION
TECHNO-TOPICS
RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
PAPERS (Articles)
RESEARCH PAPERS
  • Estimation of Soil Moisture Content using Light Spectrum by Band Pass Filters and Working Resistance by Load Cells
    Toshikazu KAHO, Sakae SHIBUSAWA, Hiroki UMEDA, Shin-ichi HIRAKO
    2010 Volume 72 Issue 1 Pages 37-45
    Published: January 01, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: January 17, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.72.37
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    A soil sensor, which consisted of a spectrophotometer using band pass filters, working resistance detectors using load cells, and a roughness meter using a laser distance meter, was assembled to estimate soil moisture content with the PLS method. The characteristics of the output of each sensor in the frequency region were examined. The data of all sensors from the field experiment were collected at the same place on different days. Accuracy of estimation was improved by combining the data with light reflection spectra, working resistances and cut-surface roughness. The root mean square error of predicting soil moisture content estimated by using all data was 2.0% w.b., an improvement of 0.5% w.b. from that estimated by each data, and 4.8 times larger than the standard deviation measured by the oven dry method.
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  • Estimation of the Quantity and Quality of Green Tea Using Hyperspectral Sensing
    Chanseok RYU, Masahiko SUGURI, Mikio UMEDA
    2010 Volume 72 Issue 1 Pages 46-53
    Published: January 01, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: January 17, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.72.46
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    In this research, the partial least square regression models for ground truths of first and second crops of green tea were estimated using a ground-based hyperspectral camera. The regression coefficients of the models were compared and analyzed. As the green tea plant grows, factors relating to yield increase, such as the number of new shoots, dry weight, dry weight of the 100 new shoots, and nitrogen content. However, factors governing quality, such as nitrogen concentration, decrease. Since factors controlling the yield are variable, the accuracy of the models for each crop vegetation stage was better than that for the combined data of first and second crops. The accuracy of the nitrogen concentration model, which was less variable at each crop vegetation stage, increased (r=0.759 and RMSEP=0.270) by using the combined data of first and second crops. The nitrogen concentration of both data of first and second crops had been more influence over nitrogen contents comparing that of each crop.
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TECHNICAL PAPERS
  • Study on an Electrostatic Pesticide Spraying System for Low-Concentration, High-Volume Applications
    ——Deposition Properties and Effect on Pest Control in Cabbages——
    Suguru YAMANE, Masahiro MIYAZAKI, Kazuhiro OHMURA
    2010 Volume 72 Issue 1 Pages 54-62
    Published: January 01, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: January 17, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.72.54
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    An electrostatic boom-type sprayer was developed to apply high-volumes of a pesticide at low-concentrations, and the adherence properties and pest-control effect of the pesticide on cabbages were investigated. In a laboratory experiment using water-sensitive papers placed on an artificial cabbage crop, the electrostatic spraying method showed increased adherence of fine-grain droplets. And the coverage rate of electrostatic method on the side of cabbage heads indicated up to 50.4% in comparison with 30.5% of a non-electrostatic spraying method at same application rate 140L/10a. Moreover, the electrostatic method showed a smaller coefficient of variation for the coverage rate, and pesticide deposition was also more uniform. In a field experiment, the electrostatic method with application rate 140L/10a produced no significant difference in the density of insect pests on cabbage compared to conventional method with 200L/10a. The superiority of electrostatic spraying on the insect pests control effect could not be clarified by this test. The quality and yield of cabbage crops were same between each spraying method.
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  • Effect of Operating Conditions of an Agricultural Tractor on Fuel Consumption (Part 3)
    ——Puddling and Mole Drainage Tests——
    Tsukasa TESHIMA, Takashi GOTOH
    2010 Volume 72 Issue 1 Pages 63-71
    Published: January 01, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: January 17, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.72.63
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    We investigated the effect of operating conditions such as traveling speed gears, Power Take-Off (PTO) gears and engine speed of a 24kW agricultural tractor on fuel consumption in puddling and mole drainage with a constant blade pitch of a puddling harrow and with a constant vibrating frequency of a vibrating subsoiler. Fuel consumption was reduced by shifting to a higher traveling speed gear and PTO gear and by lowering engine speed. At constant traveling speed, the reduction rates when compared with fuel consumption at full throttle are 25 to 40% for puddling (traveling at 0.5m/s) with PTO power at 20% of maximum PTO output and 30 to 40% for mole drainage (traveling at 0.5m/s) with working power at 15 to 20% of maximum PTO output.
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  • Effect of Operating Conditions of an Agricultural Tractor on Fuel Consumption (Part 4)
    ——Fertilizing, Cultivating and Road Traveling Tests——
    Takashi GOTOH, Tsukasa TESHIMA
    2010 Volume 72 Issue 1 Pages 72-79
    Published: January 01, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: January 17, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.72.72
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    We investigated the effect of operating conditions such as traveling speed gears, Power Take-Off (PTO) gears and engine speed of a 24kW agricultural tractor on fuel consumption in fertilizing, cultivating and road traveling. Fuel consumption was reduced by shifting to a higher traveling speed gear and PTO gear (the latter was not used in road traveling) and by lowering engine speed. At constant traveling speed, the reduction rates when compared with fuel consumption at full throttle are 30 to 45% for fertilizing (traveling at 1.6m/s) with working power at 20% of maximum PTO output, 40 to 50% for cultivating (traveling at 0.5m/s) with working power at 15% of maximum engine output, 30 to 50% for road traveling at 10km/h, and 20 to 35% for road traveling at 15km/h.
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  • Development of Packaging Equipment for Strawberries (Part 1)
    ——Test Equipment for Grading and Tray-packing of a Peduncle-grip-type Tray——
    Tomoko KONYA, Sadao OMORI
    2010 Volume 72 Issue 1 Pages 80-85
    Published: January 01, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: January 17, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.72.80
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    We devised test equipment for grading and tray-packing of peduncle-grip-type trays, which are used to pack strawberries by gripping the peduncle, to assist in efforts to develop equipment that would reduce grading and packing work. The test equipment grips the peduncle of a strawberry, and grades strawberry size by a small charge-coupled camera device. And then, the strawberries are packed in the target peduncle-grip-type tray in order. The test equipment grades with about 91% accuracy, and about 4% error with±1g. Its success rate of tray-packing is about 95%. It takes about 4.5 seconds to pack a strawberry in the center of a peduncle-grip-type tray which is centrally located.
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  • Drastic Reduction of Herbicide Use in Rice Production
    ——An Inter-row Cultivator and an Intra-row Band Sprayer Used in Combination——
    Kentaro NISHIWAKI, Ryuji OTANI, Soichi NAKAYAMA, Koichi AMAHA, Yukinor ...
    2010 Volume 72 Issue 1 Pages 86-92
    Published: January 01, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: January 17, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.72.86
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    A new weeding machine was developed that reduces the amount of herbicide required in rice production. The truck body of a transplanting machine was used in the construction of the machine. Weeds growing between the rice plant rows were removed with sweep row cleaners and basket rollers. Weeds growing within the rows were controlled with rotary hoes and herbicides. The machine was operated at a speed of 0.6m/s in a 0.4ha paddy field. The resulting effective field capacity was 0.2ha/h, field work efficiency was 50%, fuel consumption was 6.1L/ha, and the amount of herbicide applied to the field was 38% of that used in conventional broadcast application. The weeding machine was also evaluated in another paddy field with 120mm water depth. Two treatments, one at 3 weeks and another at 6 weeks after transplanting, were applied. Weed yield was reduced to less than 10% of that of the untreated control. The results suggest that the weeding machine can replace conventional broadcast herbicide application.
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