JOURNAL of the JAPANESE SOCIETY of AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY
Online ISSN : 1884-6025
Print ISSN : 0285-2543
ISSN-L : 0285-2543
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Volume 75, Issue 3
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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ESSAY
SPECIAL EDITION
TECHNO-TOPICS
PAPERS (Articles)
RESEARCH PAPER
  • Improvement in Energy Efficiency of Feed Rice Drying
    Fumina TANAKA, Minori KINJO, Fumihiko TANAKA, Toshitaka UCHINO
    2013 Volume 75 Issue 3 Pages 151-156
    Published: May 01, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: December 03, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.75.151
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    In this research, thin layer drying experiments of rough rice and brown rice for animal feed were conducted to determine drying characteristics. Since the optimization of the drying process reduces cost, we also investigated conditions for improving rice drying efficiency. The drying experiments were performed at 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80°C with 10 % of relative humidity. The total amount of heat supplied in the drying chamber and the effective amount of heat used for drying the rice were calculated. As a result of the calculation, the most effective drying condition was elucidated. Moreover, the increase in the drying rate at higher drying temperature increased the thermal efficiency.
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TECHNICAL PAPERS
  • Development of Prototype of Far-infrared Radiation Grain Dryer Modified from a Recirculated Batch Dryer
    Kotaro KUBOTA, Yasuyuki HIDAKA, Masaru KASHIWAZAKI, Tomohiko ICHIKAWA, ...
    2013 Volume 75 Issue 3 Pages 157-166
    Published: May 01, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: December 03, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.75.157
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    We developed a prototype of far-infrared radiation (FIR) grain dryer for practical use. This dryer was modified from a recirculating batch type heated air (HA) dryer. This dryer converted thermal energy into FIR by heating an FIR body with a kerosene burner. Exhaust air was reused to increase energy efficiency. The heat balance was an average of 48 % radiation based on a heated FIR body examination. The central wavelength of the FIR was 4.8 to 5.1 μm.
    We designed and constructed three FIR prototype dryers in which the FIR body was installed in a) the tempering tank, b) the drying chamber and c) the space of between the rotary valve and under auger. Results of drying tests for rough rice and wheat indicated drying efficiency was good and quality of grain was satisfactory. We found the best adjustments for the FIR grain dryer air flow rate and weight of circulating grain per hour.
    We finally adopted of the drying chamber and the space of between the rotary valve and under auger for installing the FIR body in commercial products.
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  • Applicability of an Extruder as Molding Machine for Rice Straw and Wheat Straw
    Masahiro OHNISHI, Yukito FUJII, Norio NAGASAWA, Kim Quyen NGUYEN, Tsuk ...
    2013 Volume 75 Issue 3 Pages 167-174
    Published: May 01, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: December 03, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.75.167
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    We attempted to mold rice and wheat straw pellets using an extruder, to investigate its applicability and obtain findings for establishing an efficient molding method. The trial showed that rice straw holding 30-45 % water could be molded into a cylinder even if it was fed directly into the molding part using a molding plate with holes diameter of 6-9 mm and thickness of 19 mm. The powder ratio was 10-30 % in this case. There was a tendency for a higher throughput to be obtained if shorter rice straw was fed into the molding part. On the other hand, wheat straw fed directly into the molding part could not be successfully molded into a cylinder. Wheat straw with added bentonite or flying-out flour (a byproduct of devil’s-tongue flour production) could be molded, but at lower throughput.
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  • Path Planning for Autonomous Work for Agricultural Mobile Robots with Wheels
    Tomoki TAJIRI, Yogo TAKADA, Tadao KAWAI
    2013 Volume 75 Issue 3 Pages 175-180
    Published: May 01, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: December 03, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.75.175
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    In this paper, we attempted generating a moveable path from the start to goal positions with mobile robots with wheels. Because agricultural mobile robots with wheels cannot move onto a step due to mechanical factors, we have devised a path planning method which considers the gradient on the ground. Q-learning is one of the methods which is often used for path planning. Using Q-learning, we made a robot learn the optimum path with the smallest gradient on the ground. We performed an experiment using a real robot in an actual environment with steps and slopes, and investigated the effectiveness of this method. The effectiveness of this method was verified from the experiment results.
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  • Onsite Bioethanol Production from Forage Rice Using Mobile Reactor
    Hirofumi YAMASAKI, Yutaka KITAMURA, Takashi FUJIEDA, Kota MOTOBAYASHI, ...
    2013 Volume 75 Issue 3 Pages 181-188
    Published: May 01, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: December 03, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.75.181
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    We created a mobile reactor for onsite bioethanol production, without a power plant, by whole paddy saccharification and fermentation process using forage rice from paddy as raw material. We observed a strong positive correlation (r=0.93) between the cumulative fermentation temperature and the ethanol production rate. On a laboratory scale, we could decrease energy by about 40 % and the duration of boiling by 1 hour using slurry that was distilled thrice and physically damaged paddy. We were able to produce 17.7 L of ethanol from 50 kg of paddy using this distilled slurry and physically damaged paddy. The energy profit ratio was 0.99 including the previous value for dehydration process. Carbon dioxide emission from bioethanol production in Sado city, Niigata, is estimated to be 20.9 kg-CO2/GJ.
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  • Effect of Auxiliary Airflow in Air-Assisted Stripe Seeding
    Nguyen Thi Thanh LOAN, Tadashi CHOSA, Takayuki TSUKAMOTO, Seishu TOJO
    2013 Volume 75 Issue 3 Pages 189-194
    Published: May 01, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: December 03, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.75.189
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    This paper discusses the effect of applying an auxiliary airflow in an air-assisted stripe seeding machine for direct seeding of a paddy. The main flow was the existing airflow for conveying seeds and seeding. We focused on the other airflow to control the movement of the seeds.
    The auxiliary airflow attained a speed of 28.0 m/s at the blow head, and the falling speed of seeds was 6.9 m/s. The auxiliary airflow deepened the seeding depth to 7.2 mm.
    However the auxiliary airflow also caused directional scattering of falling seeds and widened the seeding width. We found that this problem could be solved by adjusting the direction of the auxiliary airflow.
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  • Research into Cutting Attachment Guards for Portable Brus-Cutters (Part 1)
    ——Verification of the ISO 11806 Thrown Objects Test and Development of a Device to Evaluate the Thrown Objects——
    Shigeyoshi TSUKAMOTO, Kunio MORIMOTO, Masamitsu TAKAHASHI, Taichi KOBA ...
    2013 Volume 75 Issue 3 Pages 195-202
    Published: May 01, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: December 03, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.75.195
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    The National Agriculture and Food Research Organization’s Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution performs safety testing of agricultural machinery, including the portable brus-cutter in question. We checked the strength of the cutting attachment guard and blade as defined in the ISO standards for ensuring safety. Conventional safety tests do not include protective performance. We therefore conducted an ISO Thrown-Objects Test. The ceramic test pieces did not scatter as expected for certain types of blades. We therefore considered revising the dimensional requirements of the cutting attachment guard, and developed a device to evaluate thrown items.
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  • Research into Cutting Attachment Guards for Portable Brus-Cutters (Part 2)
    ——Evaluation of Thrown Items from Portable Brus-Cutters——
    Shigeyoshi TSUKAMOTO, Kunio MORIMOTO, Masamitsu TAKAHASHI, Taichi KOBA ...
    2013 Volume 75 Issue 3 Pages 203-209
    Published: May 01, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: December 03, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.75.203
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    In Part 1, we studied the ISO 11806 (1997) Thrown-Objects Test to ensure safety and developed a device for evaluating items thrown by brus-cutters during normal use. In this study, we measured and showed the direction of items thrown from brus-cutters. We investigated the area protected by the cutting attachment guard that had passed the safety test and revealed an area not protected from thrown items. We thus obtained the necessary information for revising current safety test standards.
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  • Development of a Variable-chamber Round Baler for Chopped Materials (Part 1)
    ——Study of Baling System and Trial Manufacture——
    Tetsuo KAWAIDE, Hirokatsu SHITO, Yasuhiro TACHIBANA, Kimiyasu TAKAHASH ...
    2013 Volume 75 Issue 3 Pages 210-215
    Published: May 01, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: December 03, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.75.210
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    We have developed a variable chamber round baler for chopped materials, specifically for use with a TMR baling and wrapping system. The prototype is based on a roll baler for chopped materials (bar-chain type, diameter 0.8 m). The prototype was able to form TMR roll bales 0.9 m in width and 0.8-1.0 m in diameter. It was possible to obtain well-shaped roll bales weighing 278-491 kg, with a standard deviation of 8-16 kg for each set diameter. The dry matter density exceeded 380 kg/m3.We were able to seal the roll bales using a commercially available bale wrapper. However, the movement of the prototype at the set diameter of 1.0 m was unstable, making improvements necessary.
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