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Volume 65, Issue 6
Displaying 1-25 of 25 articles from this issue
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N. ITO2003 Volume 65 Issue 6 Pages 1-2
Published: November 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Hirokatsu SHITO2003 Volume 65 Issue 6 Pages 4-8
Published: November 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Current state and view in the future of roll bale silage system for the rice whole cropShuji URAKAWA2003 Volume 65 Issue 6 Pages 9-13
Published: November 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Shinichiro KITAHARA2003 Volume 65 Issue 6 Pages 14-17
Published: November 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Keiji TAKAHASHI2003 Volume 65 Issue 6 Pages 18-21
Published: November 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Akira HIRATA2003 Volume 65 Issue 6 Pages 22-26
Published: November 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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S. OHNORI2003 Volume 65 Issue 6 Pages 27-28
Published: November 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Linear Dynamic Model Based on Ensemble Data Set for Harvested Fruits NumberYuko NOGUCHI, Kenshi SAKAI, Shinichi ASADA, Leroy GARCIANO, Akira SASA ...2003 Volume 65 Issue 6 Pages 55-61
Published: November 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper develops a dynamic model to describe alternate bearing in the Satsuma mandarin Otsu Yongo. We employed two types of model: dynamic model and dynamic model incorporated with inorganic substances in leaves (N, P, K, Ca, Mg). In order to remove the possibility of over-fitting, all models were checked by cross validation. No methodology to predict production by chemical contents in trees is still settled in fruit tree science, though it has been searched. However, The dynamic model and dynamic models incorporated with inorganic substances showed quite high accuracy in the cross validation. The results imply the existence of underlying dynamics behind the alternate bearing of citrus fruit.View full abstractDownload PDF (923K) -
Effect of the Width of a Wheel on Tractive PerformanceTatsuo HIROMA, Satoshi OIKAWA, Yoshinobu OTA2003 Volume 65 Issue 6 Pages 62-70
Published: November 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of the width of a wheel on tractive performance of a wheel was analyzed using a three dimensional finite element method.
It was found that a wider wheel caused not only a decrease in contact normal stress and vertical normal stress in soil but also an increase in net traction and tractive efficiency, and also a decrease in slippage at the maximum tractive efficiency.View full abstractDownload PDF (997K) -
Satoru SAKAI, Michihisa IIDA, Mikio UMEDA2003 Volume 65 Issue 6 Pages 71-76
Published: November 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper discusses realization error of higher degree dynamic controller using common Linux. Firstly, we develop a controller using common Linux and show its period of process execution. Secondly, we design H∞ controller for 2-joint-system of a heavy material handling agricultural robot to achieve robust stability and nominal performance. Finally, we conduct a control experiment and confirm the realization error of the designed and realized controller.View full abstractDownload PDF (671K) -
Kunio SATO, Makoto HOKI, Hiroki HATAE, Harry G. GIBSON, Xiu Lun WANG, ...2003 Volume 65 Issue 6 Pages 77-84
Published: November 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe goal of this study is to develop a method to distinguish a speech sound source of a tractor operator using a microphone-pair. The axial distance characteristics of the microphone-pair were first measured and compared to sound theory. The microphone-pair was then used to measure an artificially produced rectangular wave in order to verify the efficiency of the ratio of pitch level between the two microphones. It was clear, consequently, that the sounds produced at the operator location were distinguishable from sounds originating outside the tractor cabin. Also, the ratio of vowel pitch level was used to detect vowels, uttered by the operator, and distinguish those from utterances outside the tractor cabin. The study concludes by introducing methods for improving the measurement techniques for the ratio of vowel pitch level and for increasing the accuracy of the operator's voice detection system.View full abstractDownload PDF (1079K) -
Kunio SATO, Katsushi AGATA, Makoto HOKI, Koji KITO, Mitsushi YAMASHITA ...2003 Volume 65 Issue 6 Pages 85-92
Published: November 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe continuities of vowel sounds in human voices were investigated for the purpose of application of abnormally long vowels to tractor emergency stop. First, a vowel term evaluation function, which is not affected by tractor engine noise, was developed and its threshold for vowel term discrimination was searched. Next, disyllabic voices from 24 people were measured and their vowel term continuities were analyzed. Consequently, discontinuous gaps in the vowel terms were detected in 98.6% of samples in which two vowels were detected. Then the discontinuous time-lengths could also be measured in these cases. Further investigations using the evaluation function in the presence of large amount of tractor engine noise made it clear that the abnormally long vowels uttered purposely or accidentally could be distinguished from normal voices.View full abstractDownload PDF (3304K) -
Jong-Soo PARK, Hideo TERAO2003 Volume 65 Issue 6 Pages 93-100
Published: November 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the utilization of the dual fueled cogeneration system (CGS) operated by biogas and diesel fuel, the CGS has a problem that its thermal efficiency is decreased under dual fuel operation in lower loads. To solve these problems, the CGS was remodeled with the supercharging and the supercharging together with exhaust gas re-circulation (EGR) to improve thermal efficiency. The test results indicate that the supercharging is effective on improvement of combustion and on reduction of unburned methane emissions. However it is little effect of NOx emissions decrease. Supercharging together with EGR also accelerates combustion of dual fuel due to double effects of supercharging and EGR, and reduces NOx emission. Therefore, supercharging together with EGR is the most effective method in improving combustion of dual fuel and reducing unburned methane, as well as NOx emission.View full abstractDownload PDF (1482K) -
Waste Treatment of Disposed Expanded Polystyrene in Wholesale Market and Development of Low-temperature Petrochemical MethodMasaru KASHIWAZAKI, Michihiro NAKAJIMA, Takao KIMURA, Yoshiaki IBA2003 Volume 65 Issue 6 Pages 101-109
Published: November 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently, the treatment of a large quantity of expanded polystyrene (EPS) waste that accumulates in wholesale markets, etc., has become a problem, while the demand for EPS containers has increased as a distribution material for agricultural and marine products. In this study, a questionnaire survey and field study were carried out in order to determine the generation rate of the EPS waste and the method of processing, intensions of resource recycling, etc. for domestic central wholesale markets. The development of a volume reduction method and resource recycling method of EPS containers is also required. The effect of 3 kinds of volume reduction methods was then examined. A low-temperature petrochemical method involving a pyrolysis treatment at 200°C or less was developed. As a result, depolymerization could possibly reduce the number average molecular weight to less than 5000.View full abstractDownload PDF (1360K) -
Characteristics of Viscosity and Burning Using Low-temperature Petrochemical Recycled OilMichihiro NAKAJIMA, Masaru KASHIWAZAKI, Takao KIMURA, Jiro UEZONO, Yos ...2003 Volume 65 Issue 6 Pages 110-119
Published: November 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently, the development of liquefaction equipment, which reuse waste expanded polystyrene (EPS) as a fuel, has been promoted, and some of them are being commercially use. However, it is hard to popularize them, because they are larger and far more expensive than the EPS melting machines which are usually used in the markets and department stores. Consequently, to develop a substitute system for the melting machines, a technique to liquefy EPS at 200°C (at one half the temperature of the former equipment) was tried. The realization of this method will make it possible to save energy, to improve safety, and to make downsize the liquefaction equipment. The objective of this study is to examine the characteristics of viscosity versus temperature and Mn of recycled oil that is liquefied at a temperature lower than before. The other objective is to consider the optimum conditions of recycled oil production with viscometric property as heavy oil. A burning test for the recycled oil produced by this optimum method was carried out.View full abstractDownload PDF (1673K) -
Estimation of the Actual Situation of the Amount of Exhaust Gas by Reproduction of Field workEi SEKI, Yoshiji OCHIAI, Hiroyuki TAKAHASHI, Takash FURUYAMA, Kenji HI ...2003 Volume 65 Issue 6 Pages 120-126
Published: November 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe solution for the problem of exhaust gas from diesel engines has become more important these days, and some improvement is to be needed also on agricultural machineries. Therefore it is important to observe the actual situation of the exhaust gas amount of agricultural tractors on field work. On this report, rotary tillage was considered, which is the most popular work in Japan. To obtain the amount of exhaust gas, PTO Load on rotary tillage was recorded and reproduced with the PTO performance test system in the laboratory. PTO load and PTO speed were correctly reproduced on this system, and the tendency of the results of exhaust gas density by the system was the same as the real ones on the field, which means the reproduction of PTO load by the system is proper from the view of exhaust gas. By the reproduction, the exhaust gas amount of tractors was investigated on rotary tillage, and it supposed that the amount of exhaust gas per kWh varies with various required PTO power.View full abstractDownload PDF (1044K) -
Investigation of the Reduction Method of Exhaust Gas Amount by Consideration of OperationEi SEKI, Yoshiji OCHIAI, Hiroyuki TAKAHASHI, Takashi FURUYAMA, Kenji H ...2003 Volume 65 Issue 6 Pages 127-133
Published: November 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe exhaust gas amount of tractors on rotary tillage has been estimated by means of the reproduction method of the actual work on the report part 1 to observe the situation of the exhaust gas on actual field work. On this report, the relation between the exhaust gas amount and the condition on field work, such as PTO load and engine speed was investigated. To understand the relation, the amount of exhaust gas from the actual rotary tillage with various traveling speed and engine speed was estimated, and the changes of estimated C1 mode test results (which represents the amount of exhaust gas from general work of non-road engine) by varying PTO load and engine speed was also considered. As a result, it was made clear that every tractor has its own tendency of changing the amount of exhaust gas by varying PTO load and engine speed, and it seemed possible to decrease each exhaust gas component by considering the tendency and selecting the suitable PTO load and engine speed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1123K) -
Analysis of Work Process for Combined Technical Element and Examination of Cut End ProcessesHisatoshi SUZUKI2003 Volume 65 Issue 6 Pages 134-140
Published: November 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe invented a method of expressing the operation system by focusing on the process and conveyance conditions of the harvest work and symbolizing and arranging them. With this method we examined a real harvester which combined an effective operation system and a technical element. When we tested the length of time which fluid oozed from the cut end of the lettuce, we concluded that it is better if the “oozing time” is longer than a minute. This is because it is very difficult to decide on which length of time after cutting, among differing species of lettuce, is ideal to keep browning levels even. From the results of this research we produced the 6th. trial machine and tested it. This machine was equipped with all systems for cutting, conveyance, adjustment, cut end processing and packing. The trial proved that the machine can be put to practical use.View full abstractDownload PDF (3643K) -
Development of Trial Machine for Practical Use and Field ExaminationsHisatoshi SUZUKI, Koichi SAITO, Katsuya SHIOKAWA, Hiromichi SATO, Keij ...2003 Volume 65 Issue 6 Pages 141-148
Published: November 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe developed a practical lettuce harvester with a combination of technical elements to save labor. The use of this harvester with a couple of workers involves almost no bending, and is a very accurate all-round harvester. On our first trial run we attached the harvester to a tractor but we found a problem with mulch-film flexibility caused by the tractor. The harvester was as efficient as manual labor. On the second trial we tested a self-operated harvester. It proved to be the most practical harvester. It cut the lettuce very accurately, was very flexible in the field.View full abstractDownload PDF (5739K) -
Semiautomatic rectilinear control assisted by the yaw-rate sensorKunio SATO, Kaneyuki YANAGIDA, Takahiro KOMODA, Xi Lung WAN, Makoto HO ...2003 Volume 65 Issue 6 Pages 149-157
Published: November 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA semiautomatic rectilinear control system of a four-wheel steering vehicle was developed, and the basic characteristics were examined. The purpose of our semiautomatic rectilinear control system is to improve the straightness of a locus of working vehicles that is manipulated by an operator. Using this system, the operator concentrates on the control of the transverse displacement of the vehicle, while the attitude angle is controlled by the system automatically. As the directional sensor required in such a system, an oscillatory type yaw-rate sensor was employed. The vehicle described in this paper was a biaxial and independent steering type four-wheel steering vehicle described in the first paper as well. In this report, the transverse displacement was measured by eyes of the operator, and the attitude angle was measured by the oscillatory type yaw-rate sensor. As expected, the results of the lane changing experiments showed that the straightness of the locus of the vehicle was ensured, even if the control by the operator was limited only to the transverse displacement. It was expected that such technology will be useful for the popularization of vehicles for remote controlled agriculture in the future.View full abstractDownload PDF (1395K) -
Yoshiyuki HARA, Hideyuki TAKENAKA, Kenji SEKIGUCHI2003 Volume 65 Issue 6 Pages 158-162
Published: November 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSYield mapping is an important part of precision agriculture. We advanced development of the optical yield sensor and yield monitoring system on the potato harvester, which can measure potato weight during harvesting. Number of the optical beams shut-off by dropping potatoes are related to potatoes weight, so can extrapolate potato weight. On the result of field test, number of the optical beams and potato weight ratio differ depending on the varieties, size distribution and dropping posture of the potatoes, however, an error of measurement is decreased by narrowing beam distance and shortening sampling interval.View full abstractDownload PDF (2699K) -
Development of Fruit Providing and Grading RobotsToru ISHII, Hideki TOITA, Naoshi KONDO, Naoyuki TAHARA2003 Volume 65 Issue 6 Pages 163-172
Published: November 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA grading robot system for deciduous fruits such as peaches, pears, and apples to automatically provide fruits from containers and to inspect all sides of fruit was developed. The system consisted of two types of 3 DOF manipulators, 12 suction pads as end-effectors, 12 color TV cameras, and direct lighting systems. 12 fruits were sucked up by a manipulator at a time and 12 bottom images of the fruits were acquired during the manipulator moving to trays on a conveyor line. Before releasing the fruits, 4 side images of the fruits were acquired by rotating the suction pads for 270 degrees. The stroke of the manipulator was about 1.2m and it took about 4.3 seconds to move back to initial position that meant that the robot could grade around three fruits per second.
Two blowers whose displacement volume was 1.3m3/min were used for the 12 suction pads. No damage was observed on fruit surfaces by sucking at 30kPa for peaches and at 45kPa for pears and apples.View full abstractDownload PDF (7154K) -
Development of Image Processing SystemToru ISHII, Hideki TOITA, Naoshi KONDO, Naoyuki TAHARA2003 Volume 65 Issue 6 Pages 173-183
Published: November 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn image processing system, which was developed for the grading robot reported in last paper of this series, consisted of 12 color TV cameras and 28 illumination devices. The camera was progressive scanning type, and had a random trigger function, VGA class resolution, and RGB analog outputs, while a direct lighting system (DL) was adopted as its illumination device.
The grading robot graded 9 fruit varieties of peaches, pears and apples into 5 levels based on extracted features on color, shape, disease and insect injury. From the robotic grading operations, it was observed that there was little difference among grading results by 4 robots. Judgment results of the robots were similar with those of human, because criteria of the robot judgment were set for top and bottom half spheres respectively as human.View full abstractDownload PDF (13274K) -
Isao TAJIRI, Kunio SATO, Xiu Lun WANG, Mitsushi YAMASHITA, Koji KITO2003 Volume 65 Issue 6 Pages 184-191
Published: November 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn experimental hillside-tractor has already been developed by remodeling the running gear of a conventional tractor. The attitude of the tractor was controlled levelly by driving the trailingarm style rear suspension with a hydraulic cylinder. At the rear of the tractor, the parallelogram link for the three-point linkage hitch system was built and the displacement of the hydraulic cylinder to the lower link of the parallelogram was transmitted by wire. Although we had tested the experimental tractor in rotary cultivation, the special adjustment for setting the combination position of the wire was necessary. Moreover, a rational method and principle of the wire combination had been uncertain. Thus, a relational equation composed of an attitude control compensation angle of the tractor and a displacement of a hydraulic cylinder was expressed by the link mechanism in this report. As a result, the measurement of the compensation angle became possible. Simultaneously, the authors clarified the attitude control mechanism of the three-point linkage hitch system by a test where one side of the link was set to be parallel to the testing slope.View full abstractDownload PDF (6183K) -
Analysis of the Gap between Harvesting Position and Yield Monitoring PositionTadashi CHOSA, Yoichi SHIBATA, Kyo KOBAYASHI, Masaaki OMINE, Masamichi ...2003 Volume 65 Issue 6 Pages 192-199
Published: November 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study revealed a gap between harvesting position and yield-monitoring position for the tailings return when converting the yield detected in the grain tank into the yield at the harvesting position in a yield-monitoring system for head-feeding combines.
In a field experiment, purple grained rice grown as a marker was detected in the grain tank at positions 0-60m behind the harvesting position, and the position changed with the work speed and sorting. Moreover, the result was reproducible in a platform experiment.
The yield measured in the grain tank could be converted into the yield at the harvesting position by correcting the measured yield using a constant determined by the relative position based on the experimental results.View full abstractDownload PDF (3408K)
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