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Volume 58, Issue 1
Displaying 1-24 of 24 articles from this issue
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Y. IKEDA1996 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 1-2
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Drying Characteristics and Solar Radiation on a Wavy Surface LayerYasunobu KUDO, C. I. NINDO, Eiji BEKKI1996 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 3-7
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSolar drying characteristics of a rice grain layer with wavy surface was studied. The wavy surface layers were either fixed with slanting surfaces facing East-West direction or rotated every hour to follow the path of the sun. For the fixed case, the maximum solar radiation received on the surface facing East was 760W/m2 before noon and the surface facing West was 800W/m2 in the afternoon. These values are approximately 1.3 times the maximum of 600W/m2 on the plane surface. One day's change of solar radiation on the rotated wavy surface was nearly the same as plane surface layer, but the maximum was limited to 540W/m2. The plane surface had the highest integrated solar radiation, followed by the fixed wavy surface and the rotated wavy surface. The drying rates in the three cases were 0.28, 0.30 and 0.29%/h, respectively. The relationship of solar radiation and drying was also investigated when the drying constant, k, was substituted for drying rate.View full abstractDownload PDF (630K) -
Detection of Apple by Pattern RecognitionShu-huai ZHANG, Teruo TAKAHASHI, Hiroshi FUKUCHI, Hideo TERAO1996 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 9-16
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper reports detection of an apple using pattern recognition technology to automate the harvesting operation. The technique uses algorithm to recognize an apple, in which the original image of apple tree's canopy was initially taken into a personal computer, then transformed to a binary image by filtration and edge extraction. Calculation of variance was done on the image outline for correlatipon to a round shape. The varieties of apple used for this trial were “FUJI” and “ORIN”. Photos taken in the orchard were made with the direction of sunlight and with backlight. From the results, the algorithm programmed for detecting an individual fruit from the image of an apple tree was concluded to be proper regardless of apple varieties and light conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (4855K) -
Shotaro KAWAKAMI, Eiichiro SAKAGUCHI, Shigeo UMEDA1996 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 17-23
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the characteristics of muskmelon net, the area of each skin and the width of net were measured, and the characteristics of net pattern was examined. As the result, the mean area of skin and the mean width of net were different by the production year and grade of melon. The distribution of crossing points of net was not random but uniform. From a point of the numbers of crossing points and the nets, the net of melon looks like the lattice pattern.View full abstractDownload PDF (714K) -
Required Conditions of the Automatic Livestock Walk-through ScaleHideo HOSHIBA, Kazutaka UMETSU, Hidehiko TAKAHATA1996 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 25-34
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe investigation sought to get the basic data which need to develop an automatic livestock walk-through scale. A set of threshold between the lightest and the heaviest livestock weight helps to sellect the true weight of the livestock from many measuring weights. The weight of feces on the scale affects the accuracy of measuring and must be compensated. Two livestocks on the scale must be avoided to get an accurate livestock weight. It is clarified that the required conditions for the identification scale are: the direction of tag to antenna must be set at a right angle; the sensing area of tag for antenna must be set in full width of the livestock's road; the lenght of antenna must be set longer than the livestock's step length.View full abstractDownload PDF (1247K) -
Measurement of Flow Rate in Very Small Time SegmentWen LI, Naotaka HAYASHI, Shoji MORIIZUMI, Masahiro SEKI1996 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 35-41
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor studying the fluidity of powder and granule, the measurement of flow rate through an orifice is very crucial. However, until now we have not been able to measure the flow rate accurately. Formerly, flow rate was determined according to the quantity of flow over a 10-60 second time period. In this study, we have developed an accurate method for measuring flow rate over a very short time period (0.13 seconds). By this measurement apparatus, we can observe changes in flow rate behavior that was not possible in previous studies. From this study, a new flow behavior became clear and it was proved that the previous theory can be applied to a very short time period.View full abstractDownload PDF (841K) -
Kuniji MOTOHASHI, Tsuyoshi TAKANO, Katsuyuki TANAKA, Hiroshi SHIMADA1996 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 43-48
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe positioning trials by 5th and 6th wheels were carried out on grassland. The grassland roughness is made up of high and low frequency. The picken up waves by 5th and 6th wheels have not the same wave form and phase, and the diffrence of distance between 5th and 6th wheels arised at straight run. To resolve this problem, following processes were taken. 1, Smoothing was done in the high frequency part. 2, Revision was done in the diffrence of distance due to the wave form and phase diffrence. As the results, the positioning error was 1-3m at the run within 600m.View full abstractDownload PDF (2330K) -
Development of Control Device and Feeding Performances of Seed and FertilizerSen ZHUANG, Minoru KOMATSU1996 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 49-55
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study is to develop a feed control device, with which the feed shaft speed of a seeder or a fertilizer applicator can be controlled according to the running speed signals from a ground wheel, to get the uniform specific feed rate independent of the variation of tractor speed. By a trial device, the control can be realized within a range of the running speeds of 0.12 to 0.75m/s. As a result of feeding tests using a kind of granular compound fertilizer, the specific feed rates were 3.69 and 3.63g/m, at the running speeds of 0.29 and 0.56m/s. The variation coefficient of distribution at each running speed was less than 7%.View full abstractDownload PDF (2367K) -
Noise Reduction Experiment on a TractorYankun PENG, Akira SASAO, Sakae SHIBUSAWA, Atushi SAWAMURA, Tomokazu Y ...1996 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 57-63
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing the feedback type active-noise-control (ANC) techniques based on sound interference effects, the reduction of noise level around the operator of agricultural machinery was investigated. This paper described a method of feedback control system compiling RLS (Recursive Least Square) algorithms on a high speed DSP (Digital Signal Processor), and noise control experiments on a tractor to estimate the proposed nois control system. This system was brought about a noise level reduction around the operator's head by 5-6dB over a range of test frequencies, especially by about 14dB at a frequency of the maximal sound pressure level.View full abstractDownload PDF (878K) -
I Nengah SUASTAWA, Osamu KITANI, Naoki SAKAI, Satoshi YONEKAWA, Tsuguo ...1996 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 65-72
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiments were carried out to find out the characteristics of grain detachment strength due to straight pull (Ss), grain detachment strength due to perpendicular pull (Sp) and grain mass of three rice types. Rice varieties used in the experiment were Arborio (Javanica type), Bluebonnet 50, Jhona 349 (Indica type), and Koshihikari (Japonica type). The samples were cultivated conventionally, and harvested by hand. Panicle construction models featuring the grain position order in the panicle were made to determine the distributions of Ss, Sp and grain mass in the panicle. The distribution of Ss of all tested varieties was smaller toward the outer part of the panicle. The same tendecy was detected to the Sp, except Bluebonnet 50, in which the distribution was almost uniform. Grain mass of Arborio and Koshihikari was distributed uniformly. On the other hand, the distributions of Bluebonnet 50 and Jhona 349 were slightly bigger toward the upper port of the panicle. By using probability ellipse analysis, the characteristics of grain detachment strength were proposed by both Ss and Sp. By using discriminat analysis, it was found that rice was better grouped based on the ricevariety than by the rice type. Among the tested verieties, Koshihikari was the strongest followed by Arborio and Bluebonnet 50 which were almost the same, Jhona 349 was the weakest.View full abstractDownload PDF (897K) -
Physical Property of Soil and Tillage FacilityRyuji OTANI, Kunio NISHIZAKI, Yoichi SHIBATA1996 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 73-80
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to prove the influences to soil when non-puddling rice direct seeding is adapted to rice cultivation in cold area, we investigated the soil characteristics of paddy field which are cultivated with non-puddling and puddling during four years. Non-puddling system is superior to puddling system in water retentivity, drainage, tillage facility and soil bearing capacity. Non-puddling is proved as the system which can make good soil preparation of seed bed efficiently in short term after thaw.View full abstractDownload PDF (1034K) -
Ryuji SEKI, Satoshi MURATA, Takashi HIROSE1996 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 81-86
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper presents a method by which the fluctuation in the properties of the product in each stage of a gradual reduction milling process can be simulated using the equation shown in the first report. This method enables us to understand immediately the conditions of each stage as the output when any of the milling conditions is created in a milling process simulator built up in a computer. The simulation has succeeded in characterizing the behavior of fluctuations in the amount, mean particle diameter, or other properties of a product in each process when manipulating arbitrary grinding conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (664K) -
Yutaka KITAMURA, Akio TAGAWA, Hiromichi HAYASHI1996 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 87-93
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing two kinds of methane fermentors controlled in the contact and conventional processes, the washed rice wastewater was experimentally treated. The contact process with a sludge return operation was able to maintain the microbe concentration from 7.6 to 14.8g-VSS/L which was approximately 5 to 10 times of the conventional process. The COD removal ratios were ranged from 95 to 98% for the both processes, and the digested gas yield was 0.37-0.39ml/mg-COD for the contact ml/mg-COD process and 0.36-0.45mlmg-COD for the conventional process. The values of νmax and Ks as apparent kinetic parameters for the processes were 0.27mg/mg·d and 177mg-COD/L for the contact process and 0.69mg/mg·d and -56mg-COD/L for the conventional process. These results showed that, by the contact process, the washed rice wastewater of 6000-15000mg-COD/L can be treated in 1.5-3.8 days, due to its higher concentration of microbes which had low activity to consume the substrate.View full abstractDownload PDF (894K) -
Kazutaka UMETSU, Hidehiko TAKAHATA, Hideo HOSHIBA1996 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 95-102
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study has examined experimentally a centrifugation method to determine the equilibrium sludge volume fraction as a parameter of the rehological properties (i. e., relationship between shear stress and shear rate) of livestock waste slurries over a vider total solids range. The viscosity constant and flow behavior index can be expressed in terms of the equilibrium sludge volume fraction. Values of constantants were determined for Holstain dairy cow, heifer, swine and poultry waste slurries.View full abstractDownload PDF (938K) -
Analysis of Thermal Environment in Cab set up in an Environmental ChamberTeruyuki MATSUKI, Yoshiaki TAKAHASHI, Toshihide IMAMURA, Kanichi KADOT ...1996 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 103-111
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this report, a cab of the construction machinery was set up in the environmental chamber where an air temperature and a wind velocity outside the cab in addition to an artificial sunlight were able to be controlled, and the thermal environment in the cab under the various surroundings was analyzed, and the skin surface temperature and humidity of an operator's body were measured under the cooling conditions. As the result, it was found that the wall temperature inside the cab and the skin surface temperature of the operator were non-uniformly increased, and that the cause is mainly due to much solar energy of incident sunlight. Then, it was made clear that the reduction of the incident sunlight by putting a shading film on the glasses, an efficient layout of the louvers, and the adoption of the seat with an air-blow were very effective to improve the thermal comfort of the operator in the cab.View full abstractDownload PDF (6322K) -
Hideki MORIYA, Yoshihiro MIWA, Shuichiro MATSUI, Kiyokazu GOTO1996 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 113-119
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is important to consider a CO2 fixation ability of tree plants in practice of afforestation and reforestation. In this paper, on the basis of the idea that a CO2 fixation ability can be estimated by relative growth rate (RGR) for saplings (1-2 year-old), a non-destructive method of specific leaf area (SLA) as a factor of RGR was studied. Since the linear relationship between leaf moisture content and SLA was revealed, SLA can be parameterized by the leaf moisture content. The leaf moisture content could be measured non-destructively by parallel capacitance at the frequency of 10MHz. With establishment of this method, SLA values were estimated non-destructively by parallel capacitance, and their standard error was 30cm2g-1.View full abstractDownload PDF (848K) -
Teruo HARUZONO1996 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 121-125
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Tsuguo OKAMOTO1996 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 128-132
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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A Technical ReviewOsamu YUKUMOTO1996 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 133-139
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Fruit Harvesting Robotic Hands as ExamplesNaoshi KONDO1996 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 139-144
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Tateshi FUJIURA1996 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 144-149
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Mikio UMEDA1996 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 149-154
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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A. ASADA1996 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 155-156
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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H. HAMADA1996 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 157-158
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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