JOURNAL of the JAPANESE SOCIETY of AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY

Summary of papers Recieved 40th JSAM Academic Award

1996 Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 1
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.58.5_1

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[title in Japanese]

1996 Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 2
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.58.5_2

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[title in Japanese]

J. MOROHASHI

1996 Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 3-4
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.58.5_3

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Minimum Time Control Problem of Tractor Lateral Motion (Part 1)

Formulation and Field Experiment for Minimum Time Control of Tractor Lane Change Maneuver

Ryo TORISU, Toshiyuki NAKATSUBO, Joe IMAE

1996 Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 5-12
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.58.5_5

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The objective of this paper is to clarify that the lane change strategy for a tractor includes the principle of minimum time control. To demonstrate this concept, a state equation is presented using nonlinear vehicle equations of motion. A performance index is constructed tranforming the lane change motion from a free end-point problem to a fixed end-point problem. The converted optimal control problem is defined as the minimum time control of tractor lane change maneuver. Lane change field tests were carried out. Simulation test results are in good agreement with field test results. This study thus clarified that human operator uses minimum time control principle in a lane change maneuver.

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An Analysis of Soil Failure by a Subsoiler with Pressurized Fluid Injection (Part 4)

A Nonlinear Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Water Injection Cutting by a Injector

Rui GAO, Ken ARAYA, Satoshi TSUNEMATSU

1996 Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 13-24
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.58.5_13

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There are two different design objectives for subsoilers with pressurized fluid injection, i. e. (1) to achieve a large soil failure when used as a pan-breaker and (2) to achieve very limited soil failure when used as an injector. This paper reports experiments in a soil bin and the theoretical analysis of soil failure by an injector using a finite element method (FEM). The results showed that with 8.6% d. b. soil moisture, a fracture failure took place, and the greater amount of water injection under this condition decreased rupture distances, soil disturbance energy and draught which were suitable for injector works but the disturbance efficiency was decreased.

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Development of Machine for Removing Stumps (Part 1)

Relationship of Knife Shape to Cutting Force and Edge Surface Pressure

Katsuyuki TANAKA

1996 Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 25-34
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.58.5_25

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the optimal knife shape for a machine to remove stumps. The wedge angle of knife was changed in 5 steps in the range from 25° to 60°. A sensor to measure surface pressure was installed on the edge surface of the knife. The following information was obtained from an experiment in which wood was cut with a knife using a 2-MN compression testing machine. The maximum cutting force was 17-31kN/cm in the case of a single-edged knife, while it was 16-23kN/cm in the case of a double-edged knife. This result is opposite to the case of the knives for a rotary tiller. The maximum edge surface pressure was 10-65MPa in the case of the single-edged knife, while it was 10-26MPa in the case of the double-edged knife.

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Storage of Vegetables by Structured Water

Atsushi HASHIMOTO, Sei-ichi OSHITA

1996 Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 35-41
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.58.5_35

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In this study, we examined a storage method of vegetables by making the water structured under the pressure of nonpolar gas. Bean sproute were stored, and xenon was used as the nonpolar gas. By the method, the growth of the bacteria attaching to the bean sprouts and the color change during storage were inhibited. The growth-inhibition effect on the bacteria was enhanced as the increase in the xenon partial pressure ranging from 0.25MPa to 0.95MPa. Moreover, the experimental results suggested that there was the optimum degree of the water structure for the storage.

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Processing of Rice by Incubation (Part 2)

Production of Free Amino Acids by Incubation of Brown Rice

Yelian MIAO, Marcial D. AGAD, Shigeru YOSHIZAKI

1996 Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 43-48
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.58.5_43

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Contents of free amino acids in the brown rice incubated in 95% RH air and in a seedbed were investigated. No change was found in the contents of protein and free amino acids in the brown rice incubated in the moist air. In 15, 30 and 40°C seedbed-incubated brown rice, however, total amount of free amino acids increased from 23.05mg% to 31.18, 54.79 and 40.75mg%, respectively. The production of free amino acids was in correspondence with the decomposition of protein, and followed a first order reaction model. Each free amino acid had a different production rate at various temperatures, and it may be possible to control the contents of the free amino acids in brown rice by the proposed incubation method.

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Studies on Thermal Properties of Food (Part 2)

Intrinsic Thermal Conductivity of Sugar and Heat Transfer Mechanism of Food Model

Bai-zhen SHEN, Kazuo HORIBE, Sei-ichi OSHITA

1996 Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 49-55
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.58.5_49

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In this paper, six different mass fraction of mixed gel of agar and sugar were used to represent six food models, respectively. The thermal diffusivity of mixed gel was measured using flash method, while the density and specific heat of mixed gel were determined by other methods. Using these data the effective thermal conductivity was computed at 293 [K]. The heat conduction models were examined in two separate cases: 1) effect of agar was neglected, and 2) effect of agar was considered. In both cases it was found out that the series model can only explain the heat transfer mechanism in the gel that has a mass fraction of sugar over 0.20. Hence, the applicable range of the series model is limited based on mass fraction of sugar in the gel. Therefore, the intrinsic thermal conductivity of sugar was estimated to be 0.30±0.01[W/mK] at 293 [K] by applying the series model to the gel with a mass fraction of sugar over 0.20.

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Studies on Automatic Sorting System for Strawberry (Part 1)

Extraction of Geometric Feature Using Image Processing

Masateru NAGATA, Osamu KINOSHITA, Katsunori ASANO, Qixin CAO, Kenji HI ...

1996 Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 57-63
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.58.5_57

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In strawberry production, sorting spends much time and labor, the development of an automatic system for sorting is envisioned. It is the objective of this study to develop an automatic sorting system for strawberry to optimize output and minimize labor costs. In this system, strawberry shape is distinguished by image processing through a computer. Seven geometric features which can express a strawberry shape were extracted and tried and their effects for effective shape distinction verified. The result showed that strawberry shape distinction was possible.

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Studies on the Measurement of the Color of Rice Leaves by Image Processing (Part 3)

Measurement of the Color of Leaves on Rice Colony

Masaharu OKADO, Yoshiaki NAKAMURA, Minoru YAMAZAKI

1996 Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 65-70
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.58.5_65

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In this study, an image processing system enabling to measure the color of rice leaves on rice fields was developed and tested. The reduction of the measuring time was expected by the use of this system.
In this report, the correlation between the measured values by a chlorophyllmeter and RGB density values of digital images of rice colonies was discussed. A multiple regression equation was calculated.
When used in actual rice fields, this system was inferior to the chlorophyllmeter in the measurement accuracy, but was superior to the color scale. It was superior to the chlorophyllmeter in the reduction of the measuring time.

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Studies on the Development of a Combine for Multi-Crops (Part 3)

Performance for Wheat and Barley

Tomohiko ICHIKAWA, Takao SUGIYAMA, Hiroyuki TAKAHASHI

1996 Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 71-77
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.58.5_71

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The combine testing for wheat, two-rowed barley and six-rowed barley was performed to study the effect of harvesting date, opening and closing angle of baffle plates, cutting height, material-other-than-grain (MOG) feed rate on the performace of the prototype combine. On the series of these tests, the basic perfor mance characteristics were investigated, such as grain losses at the straw outlet and chaff outlet, processing loss, MOG passing rate through the concave, percentage of damaged grain, and power requirements. Through these tests, the prototype combine was found to have a high performance for harvesting wheat and barley. It was proved through germination test that the prototype combine, equipped with the screw type threshing mechanism, was also useful as a seed combine.

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Mechanization of Rice Production in the U. S. A. (Part 3)

From Water Management to Drying

Takashi GOTOH, Sumihiko MIYAIIARA

1996 Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 79-82
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.58.5_79

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Mechanization of Rice Production in Australia (Part 2)

Working Methods and Machines

Yoh NISHIMURA, Kouichi TOSAKI, Mitsuhiro HORIO

1996 Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 83-87
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.58.5_83

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Principle of Gyroscope and its Applications

Koichi IWASAKI

1996 Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 89-92
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.58.5_89

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Measurement of Magnetic Field

Geomagnetic Sensors and its Applications

Osamu YUKUMOTO, Yosuke MATSUO

1996 Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 93-96
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.58.5_93

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Measuring Method and Effect on Plant Growth of Magnetic Field

Kazuhiko NAMBA

1996 Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 96-98
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.58.5_96

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Coaxial Counterrotating Rotary Tilling System

T. KOKURYO

1996 Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 99-100
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.58.5_99

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Moisture Prediction by Self-regression on Infrared Moisture Balance

T. WATANABE

1996 Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 101-104
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.58.5_101

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Melon Ripeness Tester by Acoustic Impulse Method

M. KAWANAKA

1996 Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 105-106
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.58.5_105

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An Introduction to the Special Edition on Phytotechnology

Sakae SHIBUSAWA

1996 Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 108
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.58.5_108

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Speaking Plant Aproach in Phytotechnology

Haruhiko MURASE

1996 Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 109-114
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.58.5_109

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Weed Life History Model & Phytotechnology

Kenshi SAKAI

1996 Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 114-120
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.58.5_114

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Plant Cell Sensing in Agricultural Environment

Hideaki MATSUOKA, Mikako SAITO

1996 Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 120-125
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.58.5_120

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Plant Response to the Very Small Energy

Toshitaka UCHINO

1996 Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 126-130
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.58.5_126

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How can Phytotechnology Contribute to Horticulture?

Naomi MIZUNO

1996 Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 130-135
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.58.5_130

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