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Volume 63, Issue 1
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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T. ICHIKAWA2001 Volume 63 Issue 1 Pages 1-2
Published: January 01, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Yoshio IKEDA, Yohei ISHII2001 Volume 63 Issue 1 Pages 4-9
Published: January 01, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Takahisa NISHIZU2001 Volume 63 Issue 1 Pages 10-14
Published: January 01, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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M. KAWAZOE2001 Volume 63 Issue 1 Pages 15-16
Published: January 01, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Kunio SATO, Makoto HOKI, Masaaki YATSUHASHI, Harry G. GIBSON2001 Volume 63 Issue 1 Pages 35-40
Published: January 01, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSConventional vowel recognition techniques rely on the formant or the low frequency components of the vowel spectrum. However, in the presence of background noise containing broad band frequency components, as in the case of tractor engine noise, the formant is distorted and cannot be used directly for vowel recognition. On the other hand, there are peak signals called pitches in the vowel spectrum. The peak levels of the pitches can exceed the tractor engine noise in each pitch frequency. This study investigates the application of the vowel pitch outline to the vowel recognition techniques in order to control a tractor. The vowel recognition system developed achieved a high recognition rate even in the presence of large amounts of tractor engine noise.View full abstractDownload PDF (953K) -
Effects on Livestock Type on Ammonia Emission during CompostingTakeki MAEDA, Juzo MATSUDA, Kazuhiko OHMIYA2001 Volume 63 Issue 1 Pages 41-47
Published: January 01, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was carried out to investigate the influence of the type of livestock manure on ammonia emissions (NH3-E) during composting. The composting substrate consisted, in separate trials, of swine manure, dairy manure or poultry manure mixed with sawdust. The relative NH3-E from poultry manure composting were the highest, while the relative NH3-E generated during dairy cow manure composting were the lowest. The relationship between the relative NH3-E and the VM decomposition rates was found to be linear for all three types of substrate. The difference in NH3-E between the three types of livestock manure can be attributed to the initial NH4-N concentration in the mixture. NH3-E was also affected by the convertibility of organic-N into inorganic-N during the compost process.View full abstractDownload PDF (1303K) -
Fumihiko TANAKA, P. MALLIKARJUNAN, Y.-C. HUNG2001 Volume 63 Issue 1 Pages 48-54
Published: January 01, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMathematical model including shrinkage effect was developed to predict the heat and mass transfer during microwave heating of chicken breast meat slab. The model was based on three-dimensional heat and mass transfer equations with appropriate boundary conditions and was solved using the control volume method. Predicted temperature and mass loss were in good agreement with the observed data. From the calculated temperature distribution and the photo images, the heating pattern in chicken breast meat slab of dimensions 10×5×1.5cm was investigated. From this study, it was clear that hot spots occurred just below the corners and edges tend to heat lower than the cornersView full abstractDownload PDF (3867K) -
Dynamic Analysis of a Single Grain MotionDouglas SHITANDA, Yoshio NISHIYAMA, Shoji KOIDE2001 Volume 63 Issue 1 Pages 55-63
Published: January 01, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDynamic analysis of grain motion in an experimental rubber roll husker was carried out using short and long grain rice. The short grain rice variety used was Akitakomachi and the long grain rice varieties were Delta and L201. Single grains used in the analysis were fed vertically and horizontally in between the rollers. Considering the direction of grain feed and the shape of the grain, a new equation for contact distance was derived based on the radius of curvature of the grain. The new equation gave a better estimation of contact distance compared to the traditional equation. Contact distance was used in the computation of grain speed, projected area and contact area. Grain motion was observed using a high-speed camera. Computed grain speed was found to be closer to the auxiliary roll speed than the main roll speed and at low roll deflection, projected area was close to contact area. Maximum shear stress determined from shear force caused by friction force and projected area occurred close to the maximum husking energy efficiency.View full abstractDownload PDF (3167K) -
Stem Detection by Relaxation Method and Robust Parameter Estimator to OutlierYoshinari MORIO, Yoshio IKEDA2001 Volume 63 Issue 1 Pages 64-72
Published: January 01, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA rose's stem was extracted using xy chromaticity, which was converted from XYZ color system. The 2D stem shape was measured by SNAKES, which was one of relaxation methods. SNAKES could detect the stem's outline precisely even if the image might contain some noises. The measurement error of the 2D and 3D stem shape was lower than some old methods reported in the previous papers. The Least Median of Squares method was more robust to the outliers than Least Mean Squares method to estimate the parameters of the stem's rotary motion.View full abstractDownload PDF (1627K) -
Experimental Storage System and Storage Characteristics in Atmospheric EnvironmentWIN WIN MYINT, Yoshitaka MOTONAGA, Atsushi HASHIMOTO, Takaharu KAMEOKA2001 Volume 63 Issue 1 Pages 73-80
Published: January 01, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn experimental storage system for agricultural products to control temperature and gas composition was constructed. The experiment in which tomato storage characteristics at 25°C under normal atmospheric condition could be obtained with high precision was made by using this apparatus. The immature tomatoes, which typically showed the post-ripening behavior, were used as the experimental samples. For the storage characteristics, O2 and CO2 concentrations, total pressure, temperature, and relative humidity were continuously measured while the ethylene and alcohol concentration were determined by inner gas sampling. Surface color and the sugar component changes were obtained as the individual characteristics of tomato. As a result, the O2 and CO2 respiration rates reduced largely, and the ethylene evolution highly increased with post-ripening. The surface color also dynamically changed. Moreover, glucose, fructose, sucrose contents in tomato measured by FT-IR/ATR (Attenuated Total Reflection) method before and after storage did not change with post-ripening.View full abstractDownload PDF (3181K) -
Tadatoshi SATOW, Keiji MIYAMOTO, Kiyoaki MATSUDA2001 Volume 63 Issue 1 Pages 81-86
Published: January 01, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPresently, cabbage harvesting is done manually by selectively picking up cabbage heads directly from the field three times per harvest season. However, researches are being conducted that will lead to the development of simultaneous harvester. In this research, the system that determines the maturity of the cabbage head was developed for selective harvesting. The system determined the maturity by the relationship of the displacement and load of the cabbage head top by two-step compression. In the compression test, the slope of the displacement-load curve increases in maturing cabbages. The minimum displacement measured on the cabbage heads designated as rank 3 out of the four ranks is considered the best stage for harvesting, wherein the cabbage head becomes the firmest. Out of the harvested heads of cabbages (Early ball and Kinkei 201) in rank 3, at the load of 35-40N, 81% accuracy was obtained, and a mixture of rank 2 (immature cabbage) of 16% (for Early Ball) and 8% (for Kinkei 201).View full abstractDownload PDF (1199K) -
Tadatoshi SATOW, Keiji MIYAMOTO, Kiyoaki MATSUDA2001 Volume 63 Issue 1 Pages 87-92
Published: January 01, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree-D vision sensor to determine the harvest maturity of cabbage heads was developed for use in selective cabbage harvester. The sensor measured a 3-D image of the entire head formation including the outside leaf of the cabbage and the condition of curled leaf. For Early ball, using the sensor based on head size and curled leaf, 77% of the cabbage heads were judged as the best cabbage to harvest in rank 3 while 8% were misjudged in rank 2 (immature cabbage). However, when the firmness parameter of the compression method was combined, the determination accuracy and error of 95% and 8%, respectively, was obtained, when the only the head size factor was considered, the accuracy and error of 91% and 7%, respectively, was obtained for Kinkei 201.View full abstractDownload PDF (4933K) -
Determination of Moisture and Protein Content in High-Moisture WheatMotoyasu NATSUGA, Shuso KAWAMURA, Kazuhiko ITOH2001 Volume 63 Issue 1 Pages 93-99
Published: January 01, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been difficult to make an accurate measurement of the moisture and protein content of wheat whose moisture content varies widely during drying and processing. In this study, we used near-infrared spectroscopy, to investigate the accuracy of the measurement for moisture content of wheat in the drying process. Then, we investigated the accuracy of measurements of moisture and protein content of wheat at drying and processing facilities. We found that we could measure both constituents with high accuracy when materials were prepared as high and low moisture wheat with a dividing line of 18% moisture content. The accuracy of wheat moisture content measurement in the drying process was SEP=0.48% and SEP=0.32% for high and low moisture materials, respectively. At processing, the accuracy of the measurement of moisture content was SEP=0.41% and SEP=0.11 % for high and low moisture materials, respectively, and for protein content it was SEP=0.13% for both types of materials.View full abstractDownload PDF (1169K) -
Hideo HOSHIBA2001 Volume 63 Issue 1 Pages 100-105
Published: January 01, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSI clarified the factors affecting the performance of three robotic milkers of L company to gauge the possibility of wide spread dissemination of robotic milkers in Japan.
1) Cotinuous feeding of silage on the Yoshida Farm provided better milking performance than the periodic feeding on the Baba Farm.
2) L company states that the maximum capacity of a one stall robotic milker is 180 cows per day. This means in a barn with 60 cows there would be 3 milkings per day.
The three robotic milkers we tested never reached their maximum capacity.
3) The capacity of robotic milker was in proportion to the number of head to be milked.
4) Milking stall usage was in inverse proportion to milk yield.
5) A robotic milker contributes to reduced labor expenses and an increase in milk yield by increasing the number milkings per day. As a result, a farmer can recoup the investment in a robotic milker in about five years.View full abstractDownload PDF (885K) -
Satoru SATAKE, Takeshi FUKUMORI, Takeshi MUNESADA, Tsunehiko SHIBATA, ...2001 Volume 63 Issue 1 Pages 106-112
Published: January 01, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe debranning type flour milling which is considered as a new technology for replacing the conventional wheat grinding system features the removal of the outer layers of wheat grains containing high ash and the possibility to produce high quality flour efficiently. In this study, at first small grains such as immature and shrinkage grains were experimentally removed through the slots of the debranning screens during the debranning process and the small grains and large grains were separately ground. It has been confirmed that this method is effective on the improvements of debranning performance and flour milling efficiency. Furthermore, during the experiments on the commercial mill, the screens of 1.6 mm slot were used to remove small grains and the removed grains were returned to the third breaking process (3B). The results have made it clear that this method increased the flour extraction by 0.8% and improved the ash characteristics.View full abstractDownload PDF (8148K)
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