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1997 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages
1
Published: May 01, 1997
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1997 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages
2
Published: May 01, 1997
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S. MURATA
1997 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages
3-4
Published: May 01, 1997
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Different Kinds of Starch and Thermal Properties
Bai-zhen SHEN, Kazuo HORIBE, Sei-ichi OSHITA
1997 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages
5-11
Published: May 01, 1997
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In this paper, the density, specific heat and the thermal diffusivity of sweet potato starch and corn starch gels were measured and their corresponding effective thermal conductivities were computed. The intrinsic thermal conductivities of these two kinds of starch were estimated by applying the series heat conduction model to the gel. Then, these values were compared with those of potato starch (Shen et al., 1995) and wheat starch (Oshita et al., 1991). The result showed that the percentage of variation between maximum and minimum values were 28% (density), 30% (specific heat), 27% (thermal conductivity). The maximum relative error of the effective thermal conductivities of these gel was computed to be 6.86%. Hence, these difference are not from the experimental error but due to the different kinds of starch used.
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Yoshitaka MOTONAGA, Takaharu KAMEOKA, Atsushi HASHIMOTO
1997 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages
13-22
Published: May 01, 1997
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Color image processing system was constructed to manage the surface color of agricultural products, and several problems in measuring the surface color was examined. Two problems, that is, the setting of condition of illumination which is also an issue in general image processing, and the difference of the color sensation between the visual sense of human and the sense of camera, were dealt with HSL color space. On the problem of illumination, the influence of the quantity of light and the camera angle were examined, and it was confirmed that hue (H) and saturation (S) were not affected by uneven illumination. By the experiments using ripe bananas and immature tomatoes as samples, it was found that the shade of the surface color during post-ripening appeared on the H, and the shade of the surface color in later ripeness appeared on the S.
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Detection of Rice Plants Line Using Hough Transformation
BingQi CHEN, Kengo WATANABE, Seishu TOJO, Fusakazu AI, B. K. Huang
1997 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages
23-28
Published: May 01, 1997
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The binary image of rice plants based on the result of part 1 was used in this study. Hough line of the aimed rice plants was detected using Hough transformation. The number of repetition of calculation was considerably decreased by selecting the center of the object, and the center line of the object could be detected speedily and precisely. The center line of the object as far as the end of the field was detected by the terminal treatment of image processing.
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Relationship between Lighting and Detectability
Masaru TOKUDA, Tsuneo KAWAMURA, Hiroaki YAMAMOTO, Hisashi HORIO
1997 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages
29-36
Published: May 01, 1997
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To develop an automatic robot harvesting system for the detection of watermelon fruit in the field, we used an algorithm under various lighting conditions and investigated the relationship between detectability and the average of grays. Results showed that 1) the fruit was undetectable by fixed threshold algorithm under various contrast and gray averages. 2) variable thresholding, however, to calculate the binary value of the image was effective regardless of gray average and contrast. 3) the combination of Gaussian Laplacian and local process improved the shaded image. Thus, the algorithm would be applicable regardless of lighting conditions.
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Recognition of Lettuce from 3-D Image
Weimin GAO, Tateshi FUJIURA, Makoto DOHI, Seiji NAKAO
1997 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages
37-45
Published: May 01, 1997
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3-D image recognition experiment of crisp head lettuces was done to develop a selective harvesting robot of crisp head vegetables. Lettuces in a single row that were measured by the previously reported 3- D vision sensor were recognized. The 3-D image was smoothed in the first process. Then the 3-D image was binarized to recognize the location and the size of the crisp head. 60 pieces of 62 crisp heads above a proposed diameter could be recognized to be good for harvest. And all of 60 lettuces below the diameter could be judged to be immature. Two large leaves were recognized to be crisp heads. The average position error was 12.4mm, and the average diameter error was 13.4mm.
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Electrical Conductivity of Unsaturated Soil
P. A. S. RADITE, Kiyoshi NAMIKAWA, Michihisa IIDA
1997 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages
47-55
Published: May 01, 1997
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This paper is the first report of three series researches related to the application of electro-osmosis to reduce the draft of tillage tools. The present paper describes the characteristics of electrical conductivity of unsaturated soils under the influence of normal pressure, soil bulk density, soil moisture and applied voltage. Measurement of electrical conductivity was done by measuring electrical resistance of soil blocks at constant voltage. Sandy loam and silt loam soils were used in this experiment. Unsaturated test soils showed constant values for electrical conductivity (EC) when the electrical voltage and current applied were changed. Electrical conductivity of unsaturated soil had linear relationship with pressure acting on electrode. Soil moisture content had a quadratic relationship with electrical conductivity on silt loam soil, but it had a linear relationship with electrical conductivity on sandy loam soil. At low moisture, the effect of bulk density was in quadratic relationship, and became linear at moisture content higher than 31.5%db.
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Deposit in Combustion Chamber at No-Load Continuous Operation
Chiyuki TOGASHI, Jun-ichi KAMIDE
1997 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages
57-64
Published: May 01, 1997
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Some of the studies on plant oil as substitute fuel for diesel engine have pointed out that, during no-load operations, sunflower oil produced more unburned carbon in the combustion chamber than light diesel oil. The authors carried out no-load continuous operating tests of engines using unrefined rapeseed oil, refined rapeseed oil, and light diesel oil and made a comparison of the deposits in the precombustion chamber and on the injection nozzle. As a results, it is likely that deacidification rapeseed oil can be used as substitute fuel because of less deposit in the precombustion chamber. Moreover, we may say that the possibility of unrefined oil as the substitute can be determined by measuring the incombustiblity because there is a correlation between the incombustiblity and the deposits in the precombustion chamber.
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Takao IKEMI, Ji LI, Takahisa MATSUOKA, Eiki DOI
1997 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages
65-72
Published: May 01, 1997
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In this study, considering a front-operated implement, the influence given on operation stability caused by the load of the front hitch was examined and the utility of basic hitch mechanism was investigated. In case of plowing, it seemed difficult to work under front mounted condition, but if the front lower links were converged forward in the horizontal plane, it was possible to work with a better hitch stability. If the front lower links were converged backward, it was difficult to attain the stability. In contrast, in the vertical plane, the hitch was found to be stable during both the front and rear convergence of upper and lower links. However, the influence of the links on the tractor during rear convergence was smaller than during the front convergence.
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Development of No-tillage Seeding Technique
Ryuji OTANI, Kunio NISHIZAKI, Yoichi SHIBATA, Yasuhiro YOKOCHI
1997 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages
73-81
Published: May 01, 1997
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Precise seeding depth is needed to obtain the high rate establishment of direct seeded rice seedlings in cold area, and the high rate of soil pulverization in the seedbed is required. In this study, we developed a no-tillage drill which can make high rate of soil pulverization in the seedbed and keep regular seeding depth by using high speed rotating saw-toothed disc. More precise seeding depth and higher establishment of seedling than conventional tillage seeding was obtained, by the selection of optimum number of teeth, rotating speed and furrow depth of saw-toothed disc according to soil moisture content.
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Yaling WEI, Gyuwan IM, Toshio IWAO, Tateshi FUJIURA, Kouichi TAKEYAMA
1997 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages
83-90
Published: May 01, 1997
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Physical property of the nutriculture bed made of bark was measured to investigate the water holding performance and the gas permeability. The bed was inundated with water. Time required to saturate the bed with water was 12 hours. After moistening, the bed was put on a net to drain the excess water. Five minutes after that, the apparent volume distribution of solid, liquid and gas phases were 26, 28 and 46% respectively. This large ratio of gas phase showed that the gas permeability was high. The water drainage by the gravity terminated after 8 hours. As the bed held the water both inside and outside the bark fiber, the water holding capacity was large.
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Hiroshi YOSHITOMI
1997 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages
91-97
Published: May 01, 1997
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Measurement of a Sound and its Applications (Part 1)
Akira SASAO
1997 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages
99-102
Published: May 01, 1997
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Measurement of a Sound and its Applications (Part 1)
Tomokazu YOSHIDA
1997 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages
102-106
Published: May 01, 1997
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Measurement of a Sound and its Applications (Part 1)
Kunio SATO
1997 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages
106-109
Published: May 01, 1997
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Measurement of a Sound and its Applications (Part 1)
Toshio SHIMIZU, Hiroyoshi MATSUO
1997 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages
110-114
Published: May 01, 1997
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Akio OGURA
1997 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages
116
Published: May 01, 1997
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Tomohiro BESSHO
1997 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages
117-120
Published: May 01, 1997
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Akiharu KATO
1997 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages
121-125
Published: May 01, 1997
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Takashi GOTO
1997 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages
125-129
Published: May 01, 1997
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Yukio YAJI, Shoichi KIMURA, Kota MOTOBAYASHI
1997 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages
129-132
Published: May 01, 1997
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Mikio YASHIRO
1997 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages
133-137
Published: May 01, 1997
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Yoh NISHIMURA
1997 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages
138-142
Published: May 01, 1997
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K. NISHIZAKI
1997 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages
143-144
Published: May 01, 1997
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M. SEIKE
1997 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages
145-146
Published: May 01, 1997
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K. YAMAMOTO
1997 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages
147-149
Published: May 01, 1997
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1997 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages
167
Published: 1997
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