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1998 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages
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Published: May 01, 1998
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1998 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages
2
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1998 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages
3
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1998 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages
4
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Estimation for Dynamic Characteristic of Joint Part and Application to Modeling of Tractor Frame
Takayuki KOIZUMI, Shigeyuki SAWABE, Isamu KUBOMOTO, Eiichi ISHIDA
1998 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages
7-14
Published: May 01, 1998
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This paper describes the construction of a dynamic model for the monocoque-type frame of tractor in consideration with the influence of bolted joints. At first, the influence of bolted joints on the dynamic characteristic of the structure was investigated. As the results, it was cleared that the natural frequency of the structure decreases when the bending moment works on a bolted joint part. And the authors proposed the method that applies the decrease rate of the natural frequency to the calculation method. Secondly, the order tracking analysis and the experimental modal analysis for the frame were carried out, and the dynamic characteristic of the frame was obtained. Finally, the dynamic model of the frame including the characteristic of bolted joints was constructed. By comparing with the experimental results, the validity of the dynamic model was verified.
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Bearing Capacity of Interfering Slip-Line Fields
Takeshi SHIKANAI, Koichi HASHIGUCHI, Toru KUKITA, Masami UENO, Masahir ...
1998 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages
15-22
Published: May 01, 1998
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In order to establish a reasonable designing method for traveling device of agricultural machinery, the bearing capacity of farm land is theoretically analyzed by the slip-line field method. The vehicle on farm land is regarded as two adjacent loads penetrating into rigid-perfectly plastic solid with internal friction on rigid sole pan. The five types of interfering slip-line field under such load condition were proposed for relation to load width and its interval in the preceding paper. In this study the bearing capacity is calculated for each slip-line field. Then, the variation in the bearing capacity is discussed in relation to the load width, the load interval and the depth of sole pan.
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Akio TAGAWA, Yoshiki MURAMATSU, Fusakazu AI, Satoshi MURATA
1998 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages
23-29
Published: May 01, 1998
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Thin layer drying characteristics of kidney beans were measured for several drying conditions involving five temperatures (25, 30, 35, 40, 45°C) and several relative humidifies between 15 and 40% for each temperature. It was confirmed that the drying of kidney beans was in the second falling rate period, because the drying characteristics curves showed that the drying rate fell off decreasingly, describing a gentle curve accordingly as the moisture content decreased. Using the measured data, parameter
B1 was determined by applying a non-linear least squares method to an approximate solution of the diffusion equation and values of
B1 were about 0.8. Therefore, the measured data were fitted to two exact solutions for the infinite plane sheet model in the diffusion equation by a non-linear least squares method, and the measured results agreed well with the calculated results. It was confirmed that the infinite plane sheet model for the diffusion equation was most suitable to describe the thin layer drying characteristics of kidney beans. An Arrhenius type equation was used to relate the drying rate constant
K of kidney beans to temperature
T, and it had a good fit to the experimental data.
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Kohei NAKANO, Wen-Zhong HU, Eriko YASUNAGA, Koichi AKIMOTO
1998 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages
31-36
Published: May 01, 1998
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In order to clarify the respiratory characteristics of cucumber fruits under unsteady gas condition, respiratory rate was measured by pouch method with two kinds of films. The results indicated that the respiratory rate was declined under the sharp decrease of oxygen and the sharp increase of carbon dioxide. It was suggested that the respiration of cucumber fruits was mainly affected by the changing in the concentration of oxygen. Moreover, it was considered that the changing rate of gas concentration influenced respiratory mechanism because the respiratory quotient was increased under very quick decreasing of oxygen concentration. As regards cucumber fruits, a bioproduction which is sensitive to chilling injury, respiratory quotient was raised upto about 2 under low temperature condition due to the increase of carbon dioxide evolution and the slight increase of oxygen consumption rate.
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Concept of Control Algorithm and Task Planning Using Position Sensing System and Geomagnetic Direction Sensor
Osamu YUKUMOTO, Yosuke MATSUO, Noboru NOGUCHI, Masato SUZUKI
1998 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages
37-44
Published: May 01, 1998
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The purpose of this study is to develop a robot system which satisfies the necessary requirements to till a field. After an operator teaches the robot the area to cultivate by operating around the inside of the field, the robot is able to till the overall region. This paper dealt with the control algorithm which had a series of functions from a task planning of the robot to a following control of the path which was determined by the task panning. The control algorithm of the robot was divided into five modules: “Teaching”, “Task planning”, “Switch-back operation”, “Transference” and “Round-about operation”. The effectiveness of the developed robot system was verified in field experiments.
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Combination of Forward and Backward Maneuvers
Ryo TORISU, Ken-ichi TANAKA, Joe IMAE
1998 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages
45-53
Published: May 01, 1998
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We dealt with minimum time/path control problem of tractors on headland. The same method described in Part 1 was used to find the optimum time/path solution. As we expanded the direction of the motion of tractors to include reverse motion, we tended to fail in getting the satisfactory solutions. We, therefore, introduced alternatives that incorporated a constant value input method and a geometrical approach. Using this idea, we got better results for the minimum time/path control of headland turning maneuvers.
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Yutaka KAIDU, Tsuguo OKAMOTO, Toru TORII
1998 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages
55-62
Published: May 01, 1998
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As for the ornamentals such as an orchid and a carnation, mass production of seedlings is coming generally to be done by tissue culture. The works for tissue handling are almost done by hands, and it is the cause of increasing the seedling production cost. The system which automated transplanting process in growing stage of orchid plant seedlings by the machine vision and the robot was designed and tested. The performance of the seedling transplant automation system was examined. The image processing time to recognize seedlings on a camera image was 0.6 seconds, and the time from picking a plant to placing it into fresh culture media in the growing container was 20 seconds for a seedling. The success rate of the transplanting was about 80%.
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Development of Chrysanthemum Cutting Recognizing Algorithm by Use of Near Infrared Image and Boundary Complexity
Naoshi KONDO, Yuichi OGAWA, Mitsuji MONTA
1998 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages
63-70
Published: May 01, 1998
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In this paper, a detecting algorithm of chrysanthemum cutting for automation of the cutting sticking operation was developed by use of a monochrome TV camera with near infrared sensitivity and boundary complexity of cutting based on problems in the previous paper. From the experimental results using this algorithm, it was observed that infrared region was more effective than visible region for discrimination between the cutting and its background. A success rate to detect the cutting stem end was 96.1% and it was much higher than the previous method, although its processing time was almost same (1.5s). In addition, it was possible to make 0% mis-detection in this algorithm.
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Effect of Cyclic Excitation, Frequency and Bulk Density
Prathuang USABORISUT, Masayuki KOIKE, Akira YODA, Jun-ichi SATO, Yoshi ...
1998 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages
71-78
Published: May 01, 1998
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Indoor experiments using cyclic torsional shear loading test method were conducted to clarify the dynamic behaviors of soil compaction induced by repetitive passages of a tractor in the field, particularly focusing on the turning operation. It was ascertained that an increase in the number of cyclic loading caused continuing increment of both torsional shear strain and pore water pressure until the soil specimen failed, since the developing pore water pressure weakened the soil specimen. The magnitude of torsional shear strain corresponding to cyclic torsional shear stress was affected by loading frequency and bulk density. However, the effect of loading frequency and bulk density was found to be not clear after investigating the relationship between the torsional shear strain and the effective stress ratio.
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Laboratory Test of Proportional+Integral (PI) Control Algorithm
Pastor P. GARCIA, Nobutaka ITO, Koji KITO, Xiu Lun WANG
1998 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages
79-86
Published: May 01, 1998
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This paper describes the method to control seeding rate proportional to the changes of the traveling speed using computer control system. The control algorithm is based on Proportional+Integral control method and the result of the laboratory test shows that the control system did respond immediately (about 1 second) after the traveling speed was changed from low to high or high to low however, the time required for the actual metering roll speed to be stabilized was about 3 to 4 seconds when the traveling speed changes from low to high and about 2 seconds when traveling speed changes from high to low. The desired metering roll speed was achieved within a reasonable number of sampling of the control program.
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Continuous Recognition System
Yoichi SHIBATA, Kunio NISHIZAKI, Yasuhiro YOKOCHI, Atsushi KARAUSHI, K ...
1998 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages
87-95
Published: May 01, 1998
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Fuzzy inference system has been studied as a part of technology to achieve a method to remove weeds physically. This system discriminates between crop plants and weeds, taking advantage of the grid-like regularity of the crops on the field. As the following step, the system was improved to be able to process continuously according to the moving distance of the machine. The improved system has a threshold value of ω which expresses the goodness of fit for the regularity. The objects below this value were excluded from the candidate for a crop plant. According to this method, there is no restriction for number of crop plants in one image. The new system could recognize Chinese cabbages planted in 2 rows of 60cm width and 40cm space, at the speed of 0.53m/s. The percentage of the processed images succeeded in recognition with no-error was 86.7%, and 10.5% left some noises and 2.8% eliminated some crop plants. It was assumed that the processing speed was within practicable level.
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Adaptability and Performance
Koichi TOSAKI, Sumihiko MIYAHARA, Tomohiko ICHIKAWA, Yoshiharu MIZUKUR ...
1998 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages
97-106
Published: May 01, 1998
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In order to evaluate the adaptability and the working performance of driverless air blast sprayer, unmanned application and performance tests were conducted in several orchards (dwarf apples, trellis training grapes and pears) where the guiding cables were set up. The sprayer worked smoothly and its safety devices operated exactly without driver in every unmanned application test. The results of performance tests showed that the rate of work and the deposit performance in fruit tree trunks were equal to or higher than that of ordinary manned air blast sprayers. As the results, it was considered that the sprayer was able to adapt to various orchards and perform at sufficient working capacity in those orchards.
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Configuration of Simulation System and Fundamental Examination
Yankun PENG, Masanobu OHURA
1998 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages
107-115
Published: May 01, 1998
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A measurement and control system was constructed and tested to develop a full automatic control system for insect factory. The system consists of micro-computer, programmable controller, incubator, switches, lamps, sensors etc. The measuring and controlling functions of this system were evaluated. As the results, the possibility to realize the automated operation of the silkworm rearing machine in silkworm rearing factory was obtained. This control system was also devised to feedback control with optimal temperature in real time.
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Prediction of Individual Sugars and Malic Acid Concentrations of Apples and Mangoes by the Developed NIR Reflectance System
I Wayan BUDIASTRA, Yoshio IKEDA, Takahisa NISHIZU
1998 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages
117-127
Published: May 01, 1998
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The near infrared reflectance system for on-line quality inspection of fruits was developed and examined to predict individual sugars and malic acid concentrations of cylindrical samples of the flesh of Golden Delicious apples and intact mangoes. Two kinds of multiple linear regression methods were examined to calibrate the log (1/
R) values in wavelengths from 1400 to 2000nm with individual sugars and malic acid concentration determined by a chromatography procedure. A set of calibration equations developed by using stepwise multiple linear regression was found to be applicable for predicting the individual sugar and malic acid of the tested fruits. The correlation coefficients of the relationships between actual values and predicted values were more than 0.9 with standard error predictions less than 0.44%.
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Working System
Mitsuhiro HORIO
1998 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages
129-132
Published: May 01, 1998
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Osamu KASUGAI
1998 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages
133-139
Published: May 01, 1998
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Yoshio INOUE
1998 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages
141-150
Published: May 01, 1998
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Measurement of Gas Composition, Smell and its Applications
Toshinori KIMURA
1998 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages
151-153
Published: May 01, 1998
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Measurement of Gas Composition, Smell and its Applications
Akitsugu INABA
1998 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages
153-157
Published: May 01, 1998
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Measurement of Gas Composition, Smell and its Applications
Osamu KINOSHITA, Masateru NAGATA
1998 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages
158-160
Published: May 01, 1998
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[in Japanese]
1998 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages
161-162
Published: May 01, 1998
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[in Japanese]
1998 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages
163-164
Published: May 01, 1998
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[in Japanese]
1998 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages
165-167
Published: May 01, 1998
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[in Japanese]
1998 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages
169-170
Published: May 01, 1998
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