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Volume 68 (2006)
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Volume 68, Issue 1
Displaying 1-19 of 19 articles from this issue
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A. AKASE2006 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 1-2
Published: January 01, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
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Masaki UMEMOTO2006 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 4-8
Published: January 01, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
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Tetsuro AMANO2006 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 9-13
Published: January 01, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
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Case Studies on Farm Operations Using Compact Machinery and Drip Fertigation Systems with Plastic Mulch ApplicationKouji SEKINO2006 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 14-19
Published: January 01, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
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Hitoshi HARA2006 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 20-23
Published: January 01, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
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[in Japanese]2006 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 25-35
Published: January 01, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
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M. OMINE, A. KIMURA2006 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 36-37
Published: January 01, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
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R. AKIYOSHI, D. ISHIHARA2006 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 38-39
Published: January 01, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
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Tire Force Measured and Stability Analysis of the Measurement SystemKunio SATO, Isao TAJIRI2006 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 51-60
Published: January 01, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDriving forces and side forces of off-highway block tires on a slippery gravel road were measured using a measurement system developed. This system uses a direct-coupled four-wheel-drive apparatus that is towed with constant speed from a towing point located away from its axis of symmetry. In order to promote the application of the tire characteristics measured, the coefficient of driving forces and the coefficient of side forces were approximated to be polynomials using the slippage and side-slip angle. Further, to investigate the basic principle of the measurement system, the equation of motion for the four-wheel-drive apparatus was linearized to a numeric model with one degree of freedom. Using the numeric model, the local stability of the four-wheel-drive apparatus around the position of equilibrium was confirmed analytically for the successful measurement experiments. In the experiments, where the towed point angle exceeded 90 degrees, the measurement system did not converge to equilibrium. This phenomenon also was confirmed with the holomorphic analysis using the numeric model with one degree of freedom.View full abstractDownload PDF (3591K) -
Relationship Between the Increase of Microbial Organic Nitrogen and Microorganisms During CompostingStudy on the Composting of the Synthetic SubstrateTakeki MAEDA, Daisuke TOUGEDATE, Yoshio NAKANO2006 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 61-67
Published: January 01, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the relationship between the total organic nitrogen (TON) as the microbe products and the microbial population size (CFU) during composting. The composting process was carried out with the synthetic protein off substrate, and by using the laboratory scale apparatus for temperatures rinsing to 65°C. From the initiation of composting through the mesophilic temperature range, the TON value per CFU size was 10-7-10-5mgN·CFUTotal-1. However, the TON value became around 10-8mgN·CFUTotal-1 after 3 days of composting. The microbe product yield became exponentially smaller as the volatile matter consumption increased, and the final microbe product yield was estimated at 13-16% during 5 days of composting.View full abstractDownload PDF (1158K) -
Positioning of ImplementTofael AHAMED, Tomohiro TAKIGAWA, Masayuki KOIKE, Tsuyoshi HONMA, Hide ...2006 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 68-77
Published: January 01, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSApproaching a farm implement to perform a hitching maneuver is an important task in agricultural automation. Such as, approach to an object requires a robust positioning method. This study aimed to develop a positioning method for an autonomous tractor to approach an implement in the field using an outdoor Laser Range Finder (LRF). Navigation performance based on localization of reflectors by the LRF was examined using an actual-size autonomous tractor. First, the accuracy of LRF positioning using flat reflectors was tested. The positioning errors of the flat reflectors were less than 5cm up to 15m distance from the LRF. Second, field experiments were carried out in which the autonomous tractor approached the implement on a concrete surface and a field covered with grasses. The results of the field experiments showed that the autonomous tractor could approach to the implement's position within a final lateral error of 1cm and directional error of 1°, for the single reflector positioning method, both on the concrete surface and on the field covered with grasses. In the two-reflector positioning method, approaching the implement was done within a lateral error of 1cm for the concrete surface and 2cm for the field covered with grasses; the directional error was less than 1° for both surfaces. These results confirmed that positioning with reflectors as artificial landmarks for an LRF enabled navigation of the vehicle to the implement's position with high accuracy.View full abstractDownload PDF (3872K) -
Navigation for Approach Composed of Multiple PathsTofael AHAMED, Tomohiro TAKIGAWA, Masayuki KOIKE, Tsuyoshi HONMA, Hide ...2006 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 78-86
Published: January 01, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe experiment conducted in this paper combined dead reckoning and Laser Range Finder (LRF) applications in approaching a target with forward and backward movements of an autonomous tractor. In Part 1, an LRF positioning principle using reflectors for a tractor's backward movement toward an implement was discussed. This paper deals with the switching of sensors and navigation following a course composed of multiple segmented paths. Feasible segments were designed on either polar coordinates or Cartesian coordinates. While path design by Cartesian coordinates enabled such steering as parallel parking, polar coordinate-based design enabled movements attended with turns of greater than 90°. It was confirmed by experiments that an autonomous tractor could track a multiple-segment path. Experimental results during two-segment navigation (Cartesian to Cartesian) showed that the final lateral error was 2cm and directional error was 1° at the goal position. Two-segment navigation (Polar to Cartesian) for parking a tractor in a yard showed a final lateral error of 1cm and directional error of 1°.View full abstractDownload PDF (3658K) -
Genta KANAI, Katsuhiko TAMAKI, Yuji NAGASAKI, Takaaki SATAKE2006 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 87-95
Published: January 01, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHarvesting tests of high-moisture wheat grains of 18-47% (w.b.) were made using an ordinary-type combine. Time of harvesting, combine settings and drying conditions were evaluated through comparison of operation precision and respective qualities of the harvested grains and flour.
Harvesting of grains with less than 40% moisture content was demonstrated as preferable for grain quality, harvesting precision, and drying ease. However, from a mechanical perspective, 45% grains were harvestable with no difficulty. The total grain loss was less than 3% through all experiments. The damaged grain rate was around 5% or less for grains over 45% and less than 1% for grains under 40%.
Harvesting with a low rotation speed of the threshing cylinder and normal operational speed improved the flour color, especially for wheat with more than 45% moisture content. Grain dried using 40°C heated air had higher RVA quality than grain dried using normal air for grains around 45%.View full abstractDownload PDF (1443K) -
Keiichi INOUE, Noriyuki MURAKAMI, Sumi MIYAURA2006 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 96-103
Published: January 01, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSoybeans, variety Tsurumusume, were dried using a re-circulating batch dryer, which is used for the drying of all kinds of grains including rice, wheat, and soybean seeds. The rate of seed-coat cracking and mechanically broken soybean seeds during the drying process under the automatic temperature control, increased when the moisture content of the grain decreased to 17% w.b. and finally exceeded 4% at moisture contents below 15% w.b.. For the next experiment, the temperature of the air flow was controlled manually so as to prevent seed-coat cracking from the test of thin layers. The temperature was calculated from an equation of the maximum distortion of seed-coat and the approximated distortion of the seed-coat using the average moisture content of the seeds and the moisture content of the seed-coats in equilibrium with the ambient air conditions. In this case, there was no increase of seed-coat cracked soybean seeds; however, the rate of mechanically broken soybean seeds increased to more than 3% at moisture contents below 17%w.b., which was a significantly higher rate than with drying by unheated air ventilation. This was due to the combined effects of heat distortion in the process of drying and impaction in the transport process involving screw conveyors and bucket conveyors just after the process of drying.View full abstractDownload PDF (8725K) -
Path-Tracking Run Along Rectilinear PathJun CHEN, Jun-ichi TAKEDA, Ryo TORISU, Zhong-xiang ZHU2006 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 104-110
Published: January 01, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper dealt with path-tracking capability of a tractor-trailer vehicle type mobile robot in backward motion along a straight line applying the linear quadratic (LQ) control theory. The designed controller was mounted on the mobile robot and the real vehicle experiment was carried out using three types of ground surface. Moreover, the influence of configuration weighting was verified for the stability of the control system. It showed that the path-tracking run along straight path of tractor-trailer vehicle type mobile robot can be stabilized using the controller which chose suitable configuration weighting.View full abstractDownload PDF (918K) -
Path-Tracking Run Along Curvilinear PathJun CHEN, Jun-ichi TAKEDA, Ryo TORISU, Zhong-xiang ZHU2006 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 111-118
Published: January 01, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper presented an optimal control scheme for backward maneuver of a tractor-trailer vehicle along a curved path. A linear quadratic regulator (LQR) was designed to track the tractor-trailer vehicle along the reference path given in advance. The tests of tracking the circular and sinusoidal paths were carried out, and the adaptability of the designed controller was verified. Consequently, 1) By feedback control, the designed optimal regulator was able to stabilize the unstable tractor-trailer vehicle to follow curved paths; 2) The path-tracking accuracy was greatly affected by the curvature of the reference path and the velocity.View full abstractDownload PDF (930K) -
Keiichi INOUE, Noriyuki MURAKAMI, Sumi MIYAURA2006 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 119-127
Published: January 01, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSoybean seeds, variety Tsurumusume, were dried using a re-circulating batch dryer of general use type, by connecting an outer heating system consisting of a jet oil heater, a flexible duct that sends warm air from the outlet of the jet heater to the upper part of the dryer, and a digital electric thermostat to control the temperature of the ventilating air flow in the dryer. The temperature of the air flow was manually adjusted to avoid the occurrence of seed-coat cracking and mechanically broken soybean seeds by considering the moisture content of the soybean seeds and the temperature and humidity of the ambient air. The conveying quantity of soybean seeds in the dryer was adjusted slightly so that the circulation cycle time was almost 2. 5 hours.
As a result, the soybean seeds were dried below 15%w.b. of uniform moisture content at an average drying rate of 0.22-0.35%/h, with no occurrence of seed-coat cracking. In addition, the ratio of mechanically broken soybean seeds during the drying process fell to less than 1% by ventilating the warmed air at the top of the layers. This method was effective at decreasing the mechanical damage to soybean seeds by screw conveyer and bucket conveyer impaction owing to the tempering process in the lower layers.View full abstractDownload PDF (6399K) -
Measures for Maneuverability Improvement on Actual MachineShigemi HIDAKA2006 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 128-135
Published: January 01, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn previous papers it has been reported that the forced differential system improved dramatically the turning performance of a crawler vehicle. Moreover, adding conical linkage mechanism resulted in satisfactory turning performance although only by normal steering control.
This paper presents several concrete solutions to the various troubles caused by the incapacity of the crawler vehicle to turn at low velocity due to the low volumetric efficiency of the HST. They are as follows: The slotted hole connecting mechanism refers to the connection of the output-arm of conical linkage to the operating-arm of HST by way of slotted hole. The over-stroke mechanism refers to the connection of the output-arm of conical linkage to the operating-arm of HST using increased (turning output) stroke. The variable ratio gear mechanism refers to the reduction of steering wheel motion in order to reduce the turning power and improve the turning performance at low velocity.View full abstractDownload PDF (1110K) -
Shoji KOIDE, Matsuo UEMURA2006 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 136-139
Published: January 01, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (5216K)
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