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Volume 67 (2005)
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Volume 67, Issue 6
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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S. UCHIDA2005 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 1-2
Published: November 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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T. ODAWARA, S. OHSHITA, K. SAKAI2005 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 4-13
Published: November 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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K. MIYATA2005 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 14-15
Published: November 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Y. KASHIMURA2005 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 16-18
Published: November 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Chanseok RYU, Masahiko SUGURI, Yoshinobu NISHIIKE, Mikio UMEDA2005 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 47-54
Published: November 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this research, the effectiveness of hyperspectral remote sensing (AISA+, 400nm-1000nm, 68 bands) is investigated in order to estimate the nitrogen content in the panicle initiation stage, which is necessary to calculate the optimum amount of nitrogen fertilizer for the topdressing. The experimental field is virtually divided by two parts, which are supplied uniformly as 3kgN/10a and variably as 0kgN/10a-7kgN/10 a with a 1kgN/10 a difference at basal dressing, respectively. The hyperspectral reflectance at the panicle initiation stage was compared with various field data, such as the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, dry weight, leaf area index (LAI), and nitrogen contents. The correlation between the reflectance and field data at variably supplied parts, dry weight parameters such as plant length, the number of tillers, LAI and dry weight of leaf and stem, have strong relationships with each other. The patterns are also very similar in the whole spectral region except for the concentration group which are SPAD value, with a nitrogen percentage of leaf and stem. It was possible to make a nitrogen content estimation model to predict the nitrogen contents of 15 plots which were supplied with 8 degrees of nitrogen fertilizer doses using multi regression analysis with a forward stepwise regression method. It was also possible to estimate the nitrogen contents of rice plants using the nitrogen content estimation model (R2=0.85, 5% of a significant level), even if there was a low spatial variability of nitrogen content which was supplied with 3 kgN/10 a nitrogen fertilizer at basal dressing. The maximum error is 0.97g/m2.View full abstractDownload PDF (1158K) -
Chanseok RYU, Michihisa IIDA, Yoshinobu NISHIIKE, Mikio UMEDA2005 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 55-61
Published: November 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this research, two different types of nitrogen fertilizer application were examined. They were supplied uniformly at basal dressing, then with several doses at topdressing (Type 1) and several doses at basal dressing, and then uniformly at topdressing (Type 2). These were applied to investigate variations of rice taste and its properties, vegetation growth and grain yield, depending on the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and other correlations. The variation of the amount of protein at Type 1 was larger than that of Type 2. However, there was only a 4% coefficient variation, even with several doses. The correlations between the amounts of amylose, protein and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer at topdressing were 0.741 and 0.730, respectively. With vegetation growth data, it might be possible to estimate amounts of amylose and protein and rice taste using the SPAD value at the ripening stage, plant length at the heading stage, the variation of SPAD value between panicle initiation and ripening, and the variation of plant length between panicle initiation and the heading stage. Correlations between the amount of amylose, protein, rice taste, amount of nitrogen fertilizer and, grain yield of Type 1 were 0.733, 0.717, -0.764 and 0.710, respectively. With this research, it might be possible to control the amounts of amylose and protein, rice taste and grain yield, using variable rate fertilizer applications.View full abstractDownload PDF (4459K) -
Takahiro ORIKASA, Akin TAGAWA, Shinya SOMA, Mituo IIMOTO, Yukiharu OGA ...2005 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 62-70
Published: November 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDrying characteristics and surface hardening of sweet potato, radish and eggplant during hot-air drying were investigated. As a result, the drying of sweet potato showed a first falling rate period, and that of radish and eggplant was composed of a constant rate period and a first falling rate period. A constant kc was newly defined as the drying constant in the constant rate period. An Arrhenius type equation was used to relate the constant kc to temperature, which showed a good fit to the experimental data. The internal porosity of the sample increased because shrinkage of the sample was restrained by surface hardening of these samples, causing decreased density. The structural properties of samples in the drying process influenced the surface hardening of these samples.View full abstractDownload PDF (1253K) -
A Measurement of Identification Output by Image AnalysisHiromichi ITOH, Hiroaki YAMAMOTO2005 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 71-80
Published: November 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis research is a fundamental analysis to find a universal model of the plant response to variations of cultivation environments. A transfer function between the photon flux density and the flesh weight of a lettuce, which is a single input-single output model, was derived by using the system identification method. In this report the measurement of the identification output was explained. Using an image analysis, a non-contact and a real time measurement of the flesh weight as the identification output was achieved. Then the continuous measurement with a constant sampling period was realized. Considering the dense planting as well seen in the plant factory, a measurement algorithm, which is applicable to the case of the leaf overlap between the two stocks, was developed.View full abstractDownload PDF (3328K) -
System Identification of Lettuce Growth with Light InputHiromichi ITOH, Hiroaki YAMAMOTO2005 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 81-88
Published: November 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing the results of the identification experiments which was explained in the previous report, a transfer function between the photon flux density and the flesh weight of a lettuce, which is a single input-single output model, was derived by means of the system identification method. The ARX, ARMAX and BJ model could express the lettuce growth precisely. The system parameters were derived by the recursive least squared method. It was found that a transition of growth phase could be detected by the time course of the system parameters. Consequently, the system identification, which considered the dense planting and the leaf overlap between the two stocks as well seen in the plant factory, was found to be feasible.View full abstractDownload PDF (989K) -
Xiu Lun WANG, Kunio SATO, Nobutaka ITO, Koji KITO, Satoshi HASEGAWA, P ...2005 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 89-94
Published: November 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSoil adhesion, particularly the tangential adhesion between soil and tire or track surface in contact with soil, has a role in enhancing the generation of thrust of off-road vehicles. On the other hand, soil sticking reduces the performance of off-road vehicles. In order to solve this problem, the mechanism of soil adhesion should be understood. This study focused on the tangential adhesion between soil and the contact surface. The purpose of this study was to find the effect of water surface tension on the tangential adhesion force. Three sizes of glass beads and a glass plate were used as models to simulate soil particles. The tangential adhesion force between the glass bead and glass plate was measured at various perimeters of water film rings formed around the glass bead. Experimental results showed that tangential adhesion increased as the water film ring perimeter increased even at different glass bead diameters. The coefficients of the approximate lines were similar even if the diameter of glass beads were different. Therefore, the tangential adhesion was not influenced by glass bead diameter used in this experiment. Rather tangential adhesion was closely related to the water film ring perimeter formed around the glass bead.View full abstractDownload PDF (3161K) -
Tomohiko OTA, Shigehiko HAYASHI, Kotaro KUBOTA, Keiji AJIKI, Takashi K ...2005 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 95-104
Published: November 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA stereo vision system was developed for a tomato harvesting robot. The system measures the 3D position of fruit in a greenhouse. The center of gravity was detected from the specular reflection area of the fruit imaged using a halogen lamp. The 3D position was calculated by matching the specular reflection areas in the colored fruit areas after matching the colored fruit areas. The 3D position measurement error was less than ±20mm in a Cartesian coordinate system. The system selected the nearest fruit to the camera in the cluster. The average fruit detection rate was 85% under sunlight of 120 to 45, 700lx in the greenhouse.View full abstractDownload PDF (6407K) -
Tosiki NAKAMURA, Akio TAGAWA, Takahiro ORIKASA, Mituo IIMOTO2005 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 105-112
Published: November 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVacuum drying characteristics (changes of mass, volume and drying surface area) of cooking tomatoes at five temperatures ranging from 20°C to 60°C and subsequently the color and the ingredient change (lycopene content) were measured. As results, the relationships between both the volume and the drying surface area and moisture content were linear and the drying rate was constant from the initial moisture content to about 250% (d. b.). Therefore, it was estimated that the vacuum drying of cooking tomatoes was in the constant rate period from the initial moisture content to about 250% (d. b.). The lycopene content in cooking tomatoes decreased in the vacuum drying process. As this reason, the possibility of the enzymatic oxidation was considered.View full abstractDownload PDF (2545K) -
Takayuki TSUKAMOTO, Kunio NISHIZAKI2005 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 113-119
Published: November 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe moisture content of forage is an important factor for determining its quality. However, an accurate real-time measurement has been difficult.
In this paper, a new method for determining moisture content of forage is proposed using attenuation of a transmitted microwave.
This method was used to investigate the accuracy of stationary measurements in verifying the moisture content of forage.
Microwave attenuation corresponds to the moisture content and physical properties of materials.
Result showed that using this method for the moisture measurement of forage is effective.View full abstractDownload PDF (945K) -
Influence of Drying Conditions on Husking ProcessesTung Hoang LY, Kiyokazu GOTO, Motonobu KAWANO2005 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 120-126
Published: November 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA large amount of grain loss frequently occurs in developing countries especially in South-east Asia etc. It is believed that one of the factors influencing grain loss is inappropriate husking condition corresponding to the actual cultivating, harvesting and drying conditions.
Therefore, immediately after harvest, rice grain was dried by an ordinary circulating dryer at three levels of temperature (37°C, 42°C, 50°C). With the purpose of further investigating about the influence of over drying condition on the husking process, rice grain was dried until the moisture content reached 14 and 12, 5%w.b.. The relationship between husking conditions and various husking properties were measured for each test sample. Next, the relationship between the drying conditions and husking properties were discussed. We found that a low drying temperature of 37°C and paddy finishing moisture content of 14%w.b. were the optimum conditions for rice quality maintenance and high energy efficiency.View full abstractDownload PDF (970K) -
Development of Autonomous Pest Control System Using Image ProcessingKouji OBAYASHI, Kunio SATO, Nobutaka ITO, Xiu Lun WANG, Keisuke IMADA, ...2005 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 127-135
Published: November 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe first paper showed the effects of laser emissions on Drosophila. The second paper shows the attempts to develop an autonomous pest control system through image processing. Drosophila, the subject of this research, is a flying insect. So the autonomous pest control system should contain a function which can monitor the Drosophila's spatial location over a short time span within a 3 dimensional space. This monitoring will take place through the use of image processing. And these actions should be done in a moment. Two galvano-mirrors are adopted for laser control within a 3 dimensional space. This research will develop the program in order to combine these steps and conduct experiments and discussions. The approximation technique will be used for control of the galvano-mirrors.
Results of the laser emission experiment revealed some inaccuracies with the approximation technique, as its operation speed was not fast enough to monitor rapid movement of the target from one location to another.View full abstractDownload PDF (2928K) -
Chanoknun SOOKKUMNERD, Nobutaka ITO, Koji KITO2005 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 136-144
Published: November 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGasification is the technology of converting biomass fuel to a gaseous fuel. In this study, the experiments on a gasifier operation were conducted to investigate the effect of superficial gas velocity (SV) on the performance of a rice husk downdraft gasifier. From the experiment, equivalent ratio and gasification temperature increased with the increasing of SV and influenced producer gas composition. The variation of gas composition affected producer gas higher heating value and gasifier efficiency. The average producer gas higher heating value reached the maximum value at 3.87MJm-3 when SV was 0.043ms-1 and gasifier efficiency reached the maximum value at 60.9% when SV was 0.061ms-1.View full abstractDownload PDF (3056K)
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