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Volume 42 (1980 - 198･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 475-
- Issue 3 Pages 327-
- Issue 2 Pages 197-
- Issue 1 Pages 7-
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Volume 42, Issue 4
Displaying 1-24 of 24 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese]1981 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 475-476
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Yoshiaki GOTO, Tomohiko ICHIKAWA1981 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 477-485
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe should like to report the soil sterilization method using the heat in the closed PVC green-house during the summer effectively. The outline of the investigations are as follows.
1. In the apparatus as shown in fig. 1 when circulating the hot air which raised up to 70°C by the solar energy only to the buried pipes in the soil, the soil temperature under 25cm from the surface was 57°C and in the case of no-circulating it was 32°C respectively. So the circulating effects in regard to raise of soil temperature were recognized for deep layer soil remarkably.
2. As for the die out temperature of diseases in the method which the dry heated effects and the wet heated effects for the diseases germ were recognized to coexist together in the die out function, the laboratory and field tests were carried. And the 60°C during 10 minute were obtained for the Fusarium Oxsporum, the Verticillium Albo-atrum and the Plasmdio Phora Bassicae Woronin.
3. When the die out temperature for soil diseases germ was determined as 60°C, it was necessary to supply the insufficiency heat for the soil sterilization. So we have investigated the supplying method of it. The outline of this method were as follows.
1) Four radiating pipes of diameter 10cm which buried with uniform distance to the cross section of the 1.2m wide bed were required.
2) On account of the working method the radiating pipes of 20m in length was convenience.
3) The 120°C initial temperature of heated air which it have to passing through in a pipe and its velocity of 8-9m/s in a pipe were required respectively.
4) Pressure losses at above mentioned conditions in the apparatus was about 28-32mm Aq.
4. We were reported only the results from the last investigation of various fundamental properties. In the following section, we shall report the design and fabication of the air heater, its attachments and results of the practical use.View full abstractDownload PDF (1412K) -
Yoshihiro KOHDA, Takayoshi AKINAGA, Hiromi IZUMI1981 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 487-490
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSViscous behavior of sugar cane juice was measured and the effect of machine harvesting with chopping method on the viscosity was discussed.
1. Mixed juice showed non-newtonian flow shown by the following equation.
τ=(9.0-0.1t)D0.79×10-2[dyne/cm2]
(τ: shearing strength, D: shear rate, t: temperature)
2. Clear juice obtained by lime treatment showed almost the same newtonian flow as the sucrose solution which has the same concentration with the mixed juice. This result suggested that the behavior of the non-newtonian flow of the mixed juice was developed by polysaccharides and proeins removed by the lime treatment.
3. Viscosity of the mixed juice produced from mechanically harvested sugar cane was 2.6-2.0 times of that produced from manually harvested one. This fact suggested that the physiological activity of the sugar cane was changed by a vigorous mechanical stimulus.View full abstractDownload PDF (588K) -
The Motion of a Grain and Hulling Action on the Blade of an ImpellerJunichi KAMIDE, Masanori TSUCHIYA, Akira AKASE1981 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 491-497
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify the hulling characteristics of impellers, the motion of a rough rice grain fed on the rotating blade was analyzed theoretically and some hulling tests were carried out.
The main results were as follows:
1. The experimental values of velocity and angle of grains ejected from the impeller with the blade C, which had the smallest curvature, agreed well with the calculated results. With the blade A and the B, however, the both results did not agree well, especially of the discharge, angle, because of the effect of air flow.
2. The coefficient of dynamic friction between grains and blades was 0.55 approximately and about 90 percent of the static friction. These values varied a little with the load and the direction of grain's motion.
3. Moving on the rotating blade, the grain receives Coriolis force and centrifugal one. At 1500rpm, the calculated resultant force on a grain was more than 140g with the blade B which had the greatest curvature, and about 60g and 30g with the blade A and the C, respectively.
4. Some of the rough rice grains moved on the blade were hulled, and its hulled ratio increased with the load.
From the above mentions, it was considered that some grains were hulled by the frictional force on the blade A and B, as grains passed through the impeller.
5. In the normal use, the static air pressure inside the impeller was lower about 10cm Aq than the atmospheric one. Provably, such a negative pressure could scarcely affect the hulling action of grains.
The grain-blade impact at the inlet-end of the impeller seemed to be one of another hulling factors.View full abstractDownload PDF (2624K) -
Analysis of Thickness Grader and Separating StandardKiyokazu GOTO, Ritsuya YAMASHITA, Hao NGUYEN, Takao MORITO1981 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 499-506
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. An attempt was made to analyse the separating mechanism of Thickness Grader in which the separation was based on the thickness of the rice grain.
2. The separating process of Thickness Grader was observed by the application of the separating theory of screen. Since the clearance of the slit (s) and the thickness of the rice grain (t) are not uniform, therefore Monte Carlo simulation was used to derive the separating coefficient (K) expressed by the function of t/s and the residual quantity (Q) as shown in Equation 13.
3. The separating characteristics varied with the ratio of the clearance of slit and the thickness of rice grain; the revolution speed of cylinder in the range of 45-65 r. p. m. is preferable.
4. Any type of distribution of the clearance of slit and the thickness of rice grain can be used in the separating model; and the fractional recovery curve, the separating process and efficiency can be observed.
5. In order to increase the separating accuracy and rapidity, the improvement of uniformity of clearance of slit becomes necessary.
6. The following separating conditions are recommended to measure the ratio of rice grain of which the thickness is smaller or greater than the boundary thickness: supplied quantity is 100g, and separating time is 10sec. (standard revolution speed of cylinder is 67 r. p. m.). For the practical purpose of separation of Thickness Grader, it is important to consider the separating conditions from the fractional recovery curve.View full abstractDownload PDF (1075K) -
1981 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 506
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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A Study on the Mechanism of Stress Cracking in a Rice KernelShinkichi YAMAGUCHI, Shingo YAMAZAWA, Kaichiro WAKABAYASHI, Toshiyasu ...1981 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 507-513
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the present paper, the mechanism of the stress cracking in a rice kernel was studied by considering the experimental results obtained by the previous papers, rheologically and dynamically. By assuming that the rice endosperm had a viscoelastic property because a tensile stress was produced at the center of the rice kernel where a stress cracking was generated, it was found that the change of the cracked rice percentage as shown on the previous papers could be well explained for each process, as follows:
(1) In a short period of drying process, a tensile stress was produced tangentially at the surface layer of the rice kernel and a compressive stress was produced at the center of the kernel. As no tensile stress was produced at the center of the kernel within the short period, no cracking was caused in the kernel by that stress. Then the surface layer of the kernel was subjected to stress relaxation or creep deformation. When the moisture content at the center of the rice kernel began to reduce after a few hours, the compressive stress at the center would change to tensile stress and the stress cracking might be caused at the center of the kernel.
(2) In the preserving process after a drying-period, the moisture content decreased at the center of the kernel while it increased at the surface layer of the kernel. Then it was easy to increase the tensile stress at the center of the kernel and to cause the stress cracking there.
(3) In the moisture adsorption process, as the moisture content increased at the surface layer of the rice kernel, the tensile stress was produced at the center of the kernel. Then the stress cracking could be easily caused at the beginning of the process.
(4) In the preserving process after an adsorption-period, the moisture content increased at the center of the kernel while it decreased at the surface layer of the kernel. Thus it was difficult to produce the tensile stress at the center of the kernel and to increase the stress cracking.View full abstractDownload PDF (1266K) -
Tsugio MATSUHISA, Akira HOSOKAWA1981 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 515-520
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSImage Data Processing System was employed to checking cracks of nonglutinous brown rice of short grain, staple food in Japan.
Results obtained were as follows:
1) The data of the optical density (expressed as Attenuance) of the video image of rice grain was analyzed through slice filter of the Image Data Processing System.
2) Attenuance of the basal side of cracked rice grain with one fissure was higher than that of the apical side under oblique illumination, when the illumination lamp was set to the apical side of the sample.
3) The image of cracked rice grain with one fissure in our photograph (Fig. 6) was divided into two parts by the fissure line, when it was processed through slice filter of optical density. The basal side of the grain was indicated with red, and the apical side was indicated with white. As for the grain with two fissures, the processed image of the cracked grain was divided into three parts and was variegated with white, blue and red. The processed image of the grain with three fissures was variegated with white, blue, red and light green.
4) Small crack of rice grain could also be detected.
5) In this method the optimum angle of illumination to rice grain was 20° on the horizontal level of the sample holder. The direction of oblique ray was parallel to the longitudinal line of rice grain.
6) Cracked grains of long grain rice and sakamai or rice for sake-brewing showed a different pattern from short grains of nonglutinous rice.
7) Cracks of unhusked rice grain and glutinous rice grain could not be detected in this experiment.View full abstractDownload PDF (3666K) -
Dynamic Model of Changes of O2 and CO2 Concentrations by Step Input of TemperatureRitsuya YAMASHITA, Eiichiro SAKAGUCHI1981 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 521-528
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs the fundamental study for determining the conditions of CA storage, this study was carried out to explain the dynamic characteristics in the system formed by fruits and vegetables and atmospheric conditions in storage.
In this paper, using persimmons and tomatoes, the dynamic characteristics of O2 and CO2 concentrations affected by step input of temperature, which was given to the system at some different input-points of time; i. e., point of time at which input is given, was considered. The following results were obtained.
1) O2 and CO2 concentrations c in the airtight bag have a tendency to approach the equilibrium value ce with time, and |c-ce| decreases exponentially with time. The change of concentration is characterized by the permeability coefficient.
2) The permeability coefficient is not affected by the input-point of time.
3) O2 concentration attains the equilibrium value faster than CO2 concentration does. O2 concentration in experiment using tomatoes attains the equilibrium value faster than that of persimmon does, but CO2 concentration almost attains the equilibrium value at the same time in both persimmons and tomatoes.
4) Suppose that this system is a linear time-varying-parameter system, the dynamic characteristics of O2 and CO2 concentrations affected by the input of temperature was analyzed. Consequently, the transfer function has the same form as the transfer function representing the first-order lag element of which gain constant decreases with time in linear time-invariant-parameter systems. It can be considered that the change of concentration in the condition that the input of temperature is not given represents the change of some parameter of this system.
5) The relation between temperature and O2 or CO2 concentration in this experiment can be represented by the linear time-varying-parameter RC series circuit model in which the resistance is given the change of puncture stress in the condition that the input of temperature is not given and in which the capacitance is given the change of concentration in the same condition.View full abstractDownload PDF (1089K) -
Practical Conditions of Ejector UsingHiroshi SHIMIZU, Humitaka SATO1981 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 529-534
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExtra low pressure ejector with fan pressure less than 300mmAq. were investigated on the characteristics of pneumatically conveying rice hull. In order to obtain the most suitable condition for conveying, as many as 340 experiments were carried on by varying nozzle diameter (Dn), diffuser dia. (Dd), static pressure (hf) and nozzle-diffuser distance (l). The following informations were obtained from the experiments;
(1) Conveying rate (W) with respect to l showed three types (Fig. 6) and the maximum W existed at the lbest
(2) Conveying air flow rate (Qa) showed lower value than supplied air flow rate (Qf) (Fig. 7), which means that a part of supplied air will blow out of the nozzle-diffuser gap. This makes smooth the hull supply by breaking a bridge of the hull.
(3) The l for the maximum W (lbest) was almost constant with respect to the opening ratio (Dd/Dn), but had a positive correlation with both Dn and hf.
(4) The opening ratios that had the maximum conveying rates were almost constant with respect to various static pressures (Fig. 8) but were plotted on a straight line with respect to the nozzle diameter change (Fig. 9).
(5) The values of maximum conveying rate had a positive correlation with both the nozzle diameter and the static pressure (Fig. 8).
(6) Conveying effectiveness that is defined as W/Pf was bigger at smaller static pressure with all diffusers other than the diameter 11.7mm (Fig. 10).View full abstractDownload PDF (790K) -
Koichi AKIMOTO, Suketoshi KURODA1981 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 535-542
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe actual conditions of the auctions to sell fruits and vegetables were investigated in April, 1976 at the Central Wholesale Market of Gifu City. The needed time for every product to be knock down in the auction was analyzed by Hayasi's Quantification Scaling Type 1 in relations with 19 factors in number that seemed to affect the time closely. The results were as follows:
1. The coefficients of the multiple correlation, which meant the estimated accuracies of the times in factor analysis, were 0.622 in fruits and 0.539 in vegetables.
2. The factors had a great influence on the time in order of the following.
Vegetables: the day of the week, amounts of goods to be sold on the day, amounts on the day before, the number of persons taking part in the auction and the weather.
Fruits: amounts of goods on the day, the day of the week, the weather, the prefecture of production and the number of persons.
3. Amounts of goods on vegetables had an effect of making the time shorter if the amounts on the day were less than on the day before. But on fruits, that had a reverse effect.
4. The times for both fruits and vegetables to be knock down were the shortest on the cloudy day, and on the rainy day were the longest.
5. The times were the shortest on Monday, and on Saturday were the longest.
6. If the same lot of fruit was bought together within 5 persons in number, the more the number was, the shorter the time was. But in case of vegetables, the influence on the time was not clear.
7. Fruits shipped from long distance were knock down in a short time.
8. The buyer had an effect of making the time shorter than the retailer joining in the auction.
9. In the auctions of vegetables, the goods classified as the first grade on the quality were bought in a short time, but in the auctions of fruits, the times for the goods classified as the second grade were almost as short as the times for the goods classified the first. On the other hand, the times for vegetables classified as the smaller size (3S-2S) were shorter than the times for vegetables classified as the bigger size (2L, 3L), but the times for the fruits were reverse.View full abstractDownload PDF (1233K) -
Modeling of Hay Production SystemsNoriaki ISHIZUKA1981 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 543-549
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) The interrelationships of forage production process for making hay were analyzed. The structure of the production systems consist of grass growth, field curing for hay making, field harvesting, baling and transporting concerned with conditions of weather and soil moisture. (Fig. 1)
2) It becomes easy to make and describe models of agricultural production systems by using the block diagram notations shown in Fig. 2.
3) The submodels of the forage production systems which were the grass growth model, the soil moisture estimating model, the field harvesting model, the baling model and the transporting model, were developed by the block diagram method. (Fig. 3, Fig. 5, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9)
4) The grass growth submodel and the soill moisture submodel were applied successfully in estimating the values. (Fig. 4, Fig. 6)
5) The computer simulation model which could simulate hay production was developed. (Fig. 10)View full abstractDownload PDF (1035K) -
[in Japanese]1981 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 551-554
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1981 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 555-559
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1981 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 563-567
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1981 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 569-575
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1981 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 577-580
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1981 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 581-588
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1981 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 589-595
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1981 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 597-602
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1981 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 603-607
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1981 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 609-615
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1981 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 617-621
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1981 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 623-627
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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