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Volume 64, Issue 5
Displaying 1-19 of 19 articles from this issue
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Y. NISHIYAMA2002 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 1-2
Published: September 01, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Nobuhiro ITOKAWA, Tetsuya IKEDA, Tetsuo MATSUMURA2002 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 4-8
Published: September 01, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Hisashi HOSOKAWA2002 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 9-13
Published: September 01, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Yuji NAGASAKI2002 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 14-18
Published: September 01, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Kanji OOTSUKA2002 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 19-24
Published: September 01, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Kenichi YAKUSHIDO2002 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 25-29
Published: September 01, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Y. MASUDA2002 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 30-31
Published: September 01, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Managerial Aspects of Contract Hire System in Nong Pla Mor Village, Ratchaburi ProvinceTomohiro TAKIGAWA, Banshaw BAHALAYODHIN, Masayuki KOIKE, Prathuang USA ...2002 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 51-59
Published: September 01, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe decrease and aging of farmers are becoming serious problems in Thailand due to rapid economic development. As a result, the contract hire systems that use large tractors or Thai-made combines have steadily prevailed in place of manual labors for rice farming. This field study discusses the present situation and background of such contract hire systems based on survey at Nong Pla Mor village, Ratchaburi province, Thailand. This report concentrates on the current situations and constraints of rice farming in conjunction with contract hire systems. The results show that most farming households are making use of contract hire systems in almost all stages of farming practices. Such systems can be classified into two types: One type is the system which has started as a cooperative group farming system in the community, utilizing small agricultural machinery, and the other is the semi-professional system providing relatively expensive bigger agricultural machinery. The latter covers both harvesting practice by using Thai-made combines and cultivating practice employing riding type tractors. Farmer's behaviors in terms of technological acceptance are also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (2835K) -
Business Engagement of Contractors for Rice Harvesting OperationTomohiro TAKIGAWA, Banshaw BAHALAYODHIN, Masayuki KOIKE, Prathuang USA ...2002 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 60-67
Published: September 01, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe role and business engagement of rice harvesting contractors who utilize Thai-made combines are reported based on the results of a questionnaire survey at Nong Pla Mor village in Thailand. Thai-made combines are categorized as the throw-in type combine and hence cheaper than the imported ones. Thai-made combines made their debut from early 1990s and currently the total number of Thai-made combines reaches at about 3, 000 units. The harvesting operation provided by contract hire system was favorably evaluated by farmers, since the required cost is cheaper than the one of traditional harvesting system, and can be performed quickly. In addition, since the percentage of young people engaged on farming was fewer, the majority of farming households would seemingly be recognized that the entrustment of all farming operations to contractors is to be a primary alternative system of labor hiring in the future. Rice harvesting contractors normally engage in their job continuously for more than 7 months a year, while offering custom hire services as far as 100km apart from a base village. Such a business which covers huge area is institutionally supported by powerful and responsible village head in rural communities, so-called “middlemen or Nayna in Thai”, who acts as intermediary between farmers and contractors.View full abstractDownload PDF (3415K) -
Accuracy Factors and the Bulk Density Correction Electrode of Moisture Meter by Radio Frequency Dielectric Method for Combine HarvesterKoro KATO, Takao SUGIYAMA, Eigi MAKINO, Tomohiko ICHIKAWA2002 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 68-75
Published: September 01, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the development of moisture meter for combine harvester necessary for precision farming, a basic study of nondestructive grain moisture measurement by radio frequency dielectric method was carried out. High moisture measurement is required for the moisture meter of combine harvester in Japan, and both corrections for the bulk density and the grain quantity variation in the electrode cell are very important for the moisture meter by dielectric measurement. Then, the parallel plate electrode and the electrode with density correction function were produced experimentally, and the dielectric characteristics of rough rice of wide range moisture content were measured until frequency of 10MHz. Changing both the grain quantity and the bulk density, the effects on the moisture measurement accuracy were experimented. As the result, including the case the test cell was not filled to the volume, the effect of bulk density was corrected by adopting the density correction electrode and the grain mass correction equation. As the frequency was higher, the sensitivity lowered but the linearity increased, then it was suitable for the measurement of high moisture. At 10MHz, grain samples about 32%w.b. were able to be measured at the practical accuracy level.View full abstractDownload PDF (3654K) -
Characteristics of Insect Electro-Retinagrams (ERG) with respect to Wavelength and Frequency of Pulsed Light StimuliJunji HIRAMA, Makoto ARANAGA, Tomoki NAKADE, Toshio MIYAMOTO, Tetsuo Y ...2002 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 76-82
Published: September 01, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe prevention and extermination of insect pests in agricultural applications has until now mainly relied on the dissemination of various insecticides. However, due to the recent heightened level of awareness among consumers regarding the safety of agricultural products, there is a rising demand for physical methods of controlling insect populations rather than relying on agricultural chemicals. The authors have been studying the development of an instrument for controlling insect pests that utilises an ultra-high luminance light emitting diode (LED). We have been focusing on the way the insects' vision reacts to chromatic stimuli. To establish a baseline for our work, in this experiment we studied the electro-retinal characteristics of both the plautia stali family, the helicoverepa armigera and the spodoptea litura family in terms of both the wavelength of light and their frequency response to pulsed light. The experimental results reveal the following:
1) The ERG signal reached its peak at a wavelength of between 490 and 520nm, which covers the first half of the visible region of the wave length spectrum.
2) The frequency response experiment showed that the maximum frequency response (fmax) for the spodoptea litura was 45Hz, for the helicoverepa armigera was 50Hz, and for the plautia stali was 32Hz.
Based on the above results, we have been able to obtain fundamental data to develop a light source instrument to control insect pests that utilises illumination from an LED.View full abstractDownload PDF (3514K) -
Motoyasu NATSUGA, Shuso KAWAMURA, Kazuhiko ITOH2002 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 83-88
Published: September 01, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe carried out a preliminary experiment for the development of on-line monitoring of raw milk constituents using near-infrared spectroscopy. We took precise measurements of major constituents in raw milk such as fat, protein and lactose in order to investigate effects of wavelength range and light path length on the accuracy of near-infrared measurement. A spectrophotometer (NIRS 6500) was used for near-infrared measurement and MilkoScan S54A was used as a reference constituent analyzer. Light path length (sample cell thickness) was 1, 4 and 10mm and wavelength ranges were set to 400-1, 098nm; 600-1, 098nm; and 1, 100-2, 498nm. As a result, the following accuracies were obtained: For fat, SEP=0.17% for the light path-length of 1mm and a wavelength range 1, 100-2, 498nm, and SEP=0.38% for the path-length of 10mm and a wavelength range 400-1, 098nm; for protein, SEP=0.15% for the path-length of 1mm and a wavelength range 1, 100-2, 498nm, and SEP=0.14% for the path-length of 10mm and a wavelength range 400-1, 098nm; and for lactose, SEP=0.10% for the path-length of 1mm and a wavelength range 1, 100-2, 498nm, and SEP=0.07% for the path-length of 10mm and a wavelength range 400-1, 098nm. It was thus confirmed that accurate measurements could be obtained in the longer wavelength range (1, 100-2, 498nm) and in the shorter wavelength range (400-1, 098nm) when longer path-length was used.View full abstractDownload PDF (1088K) -
Hiroaki ISHIZAWA, Yasunori SAITO, Takaaki AMEMIYA, Kazuhiko KOMATU2002 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 89-94
Published: September 01, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSQuality control of agricultural products in process of cultivation and distribution has become an important problem. This paper describes a field measuring method of lettuce based on laser induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy for growth monitoring. Intensity at 460nm of LIF spectra showed characteristic variations of near harvest time. The results of chemical analysis confirmed that sucrose and chlorogenic acid are origins of the 460nm fluorescence. The prediction of harvest time and the possibility of quality monitoring are discussed based on the experimental data.View full abstractDownload PDF (2183K) -
Masami MATSUI, Eiji INOUE, Tomoko KUWANO, Yasumaru HIRAI, Koichi HASHI ...2002 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 95-100
Published: September 01, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHarvesting rice using a head-feeding combine, the amount of grain that passes through the threshing unit varies in accordance with the cutting width of the combine, the field speed of the combine, and the field's yield. In this study, a counting sensor with a piezoelectric element was attached inside the grain tank of a head-feeding combine in order to monitor the grain feed rate in harvesting operations. The objectives of this study are to reduce grain loss and improve the separation of grain from chaff by controlling the threshing operation. As a result, it was found that there was a significant correlation between the sensor's output and the yield rate (R=0.92 and 0.97). It was also found that the sensor was a very precise and reliable device for controlling threshing operations.View full abstractDownload PDF (2832K) -
Kimiyasu TAKAHASHI, Masahiro SEKI, Hatsuki NISHIDA2002 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 101-107
Published: September 01, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing the rotary cultivating tester with the movable soil container, we experimented closely on the effective methods to decrease the density of Apple Snail, Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck). As the results, snails decrease efficiently under the conditions of cultivating with a narrow pitch and crushing the firm soil at a time. Applying these conditions to the rotary cultivation of paddy fields, the density of the snails decreased 14-35 point as compared with the case of normal condition. In this ordinary field, submerged direct seeding cultivation was damaged 48.1% area by the snails, but in the decreased density field, it was only 2.3% area.View full abstractDownload PDF (4714K) -
Koichi SHOJI, Tsuneo KAWAMURA, Hisashi HORIO2002 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 108-115
Published: September 01, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA grain yield sensor (yieldometer, yield monitor) was developed and tested in a paddy field. It comprised a plate attached to an extended square-ring loadcell, with an output compensated for background vibration by an accelerometer mounted on a combine. The sensor was installed near the inlet of the grain tank to receive the impact of the grain emitted from the blade of the vertical auger conveyer. The impact was extracted by setting a threshold, and the instantaneous zero-point of the output of the sensor was recalculated based upon its own output remaining after the extraction, to increase the precision of the estimation of the yield. The standard error of prediction of 0.067kg and the root mean squared relative error of 0.18% were achieved.View full abstractDownload PDF (1369K) -
Tsuneo KAWAMURA, Koichi SHOJI, Masaru TOKUDA2002 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 116-122
Published: September 01, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe tensile test was applied to indicate the force for detaching a single grain of rice from the stem. A tensile tester and a experimental one with an air cylinder were used. The tensile speed of the former was 0.17mm/s, 0.33mm/s, and 0.67mm/s, and of the latter was 0.14m/s and 0.37m/s. First the stem was fixed, and then a single grain was pulled by the movable jaw. Twenty kinds of rice were tested. The results show that the behavior of detaching was not affected by the tensile speed, and was dependent on the water content of grain and stem and the kind of rice. Few kinds of rice required a higher detachment force at lower water content of grains.View full abstractDownload PDF (1256K) -
Duke M. BULANON, Takashi KATAOKA, Yoshinobu OTA, Tatsuo HIROMA2002 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 123-133
Published: September 01, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe first major task of a fruit harvesting robot is the recognition of the fruit. This paper presents a color model suitable for the recognition of Fuji apples during harvest using a machine vision system under variable lighting conditions. Three color models; RGB model, rg-chromaticity method, and LRCD (Luminance and Red Color Difference) method, were tested to determine the thresholds for the segmentation of the apple fruit from the images. The decision-theoretic approach was applied to the three models to determine the thresholds. Results showed that the rg-chromaticity method was hardly influenced by the different lighting conditions and had the highest recognition rate and the lowest noise rate, specifically under the back lighting condition. Therefore, it was concluded that the rg-chromaticity method was suitable as one of the recognition methods of Fuji apples in a robotic harvesting operation.View full abstractDownload PDF (4608K) -
Mitsuhiko KATAHIRA, Koji KUMEKAWA, Kazuyuki WAKAMATSU, Chikako MIURA, ...2002 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 134-141
Published: September 01, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe developed a hill Seeder for direct rice seeding, which is spreading over Akita prefecture, in well-drained paddy field. Its seed-feeding mechanism consists of a tangent cam with the many (or, four) points, a rotary valve and linkage that connects the cam and the valve. As the tangent cam is driven by a press wheel, the rotary valve is alternately opend and closed via the linkage. The rotary valve is composed of an inner and outer valve with different configurations of openings; it creates pulsation of seed flow for hill seeding. The performance of the machine was as follows: working velocity: 0.53m/s, hill space: 23.7cm, hill size: 7.8cm (longitudinal), 2.8cm (lateral). The yields of rice seeded by this seeder in well-drained paddy was 59.1kg/a, which was better than that by a common drill seeder in submerged paddy field.View full abstractDownload PDF (1350K)
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