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H. TAKESHI
1998 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
1-2
Published: January 01, 1998
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K. HASHIGUCHI
1998 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
3-6
Published: January 01, 1998
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Ryozo NOGUCHI, Eiji INOUE, Kazushi NAKANO
1998 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
7-17
Published: January 01, 1998
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Characteristic values of the rubber crawler system for farm machinery, which are expressed as Fourier series, were identified by using the Gauss-Newton Method. And validity of the identified parameter was discussed through the simulation using experimental data. As the result, in the Fourier series of dynamic parameter of spring constant
k and viscous damping coefficient
c, excellent parameter convergence and simulation were observed by using the Fourier series's zero and first term of the dynamic model. Furthermore, it was clarified that the identification for model parameter which are fitted to the actual motion wave of the crawler system was possible by using the time series data observed in vertical and pitching direction of the crawler system.
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Development of Knife Type Mulch Slit Cutting Mechanism
Masateru NAGATA, Kenji HIYOSHI, Teruhisa UMEZAKI, Hongyong WANG, Yoshi ...
1998 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
19-26
Published: January 01, 1998
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This paper reports the study to speed up the growth of seedlings and to shorten heading and maturity duration of early season culture rice by introducing mulching cultivation using polyethylene film, and the study on the mechanism enabling the rice transplanter to do film laying and transplanting simultaneously for this cultivation. The knife type mulch slit cutting mechanism, linked with the rotary type transplanting mechanism, was developed to make slits on the film. The motion of the reciprocating and oscillating knife was analyzed using video images. The knife cuts a slit on the film just before transplanting the seedlings through the slit. The analysis confirmed that this cutting mechanism, which could be made a part of rice transplanter, can work well with film laying and transplanting.
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Physical Properties of Soybeans for a Drying Simulation Model
Keiichi INOUE
1998 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
27-36
Published: January 01, 1998
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The dependence of physical properties as specific volume, bulk volume, rate of volume on moisture content of soybeans (tachinagaha, tamahomare, fukuyutaka, suzuyutaka, enrei variety) was theoretically considered and determined as follows with principal properties of specific volume of dry matter V
0, coefficient of rate of volume k of average soybeans.
V
m=V
0+γ⋅m=0.771+0.965m (0.1<m), V
m={(m/ρ
w)
2+2v
0c(m/ρ
w)+v
02}
1/2 (0<m)
V
m′=V
m/(1-ε)=6V
m/kπ, k=1.00-0.029m where m; moisture content (d. b. decimal), V
m; specific volume based on dry material (10
-3m
3/kg), V
m′; specific bulk volume, 1-ε; rate of kernel volume, V
0=0.771(10
-3m
3/kg), V
0c=0.7460
Hence, physical properties of soybean for a drying simulation model were shown with principal parameters of V
0, V
0c, k.
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Broccoli
Toshitaka UCHINO, Hiroomi NAGAO, Satoshi MURATA, Toshio KAWANO, Nobuta ...
1998 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
37-44
Published: January 01, 1998
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Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) has been known for many years and its use has become a common practice in the conservation of fruits and vegetables. The present drawbacks of MAP using polymeric film pouch are long time and high labor involving in packing, handling and transportation of fruits and vegetables. In this study corrugated cardboard boxes with polymeric film lining on both sides of the cardboard were used to overcome the above mentioned drawback. Experiment has been performed to determine quality changes of broccoli. Consequently, MA corrugated cardboard box could successfully extend the shelf life of broccoli at 10°C. Then a model was developed to predict the gas concentration in MA corrugated cardboard box. Results showed that calculated gas concentrations have a good agreement with measured values.
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Quantitative Evaluation of Impeller's Working Quality
Xue-Gang WANG, Nobutaka ITO, Kyoji MIWA, Koji KITO, Xiu-Lun WANG
1998 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
45-50
Published: January 01, 1998
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In this paper, the relationship between broken rice ratio and paddy hulling ratio was evaluated quantitatively based on the hulling test's statistical data. At first, the best method to accurately measure the sample's broken rice ratio was established. Then, hulling test results of the two impellers were analyzed, using special type of exponential and fractional functions and three ordinary type of functions. Results showed that the relationship between broken rice and paddy hulling ratio could be described better using special exponential function. The calculated results were stable and the regression coefficient was high.
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Positioning System for Autonomous Vehicle
Kazunobu ISHII, Hideo TERAO, Noboru NOGUCHI
1998 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
51-58
Published: January 01, 1998
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The environment in which an agricultural vehicle works is a time-variant and nonlinear system; therefore, an adaptive steering controller is required for navigating the vehicle precisely. In this paper, the positioning system which utilized a vision information was modified, so as to be applied for the neuro-controller which is one of nonlinear controllers. The classifier of the visual marker and the background which we developed, is based on the chromaticities subjected to a rotation and a translation of coordinates. The accuracy of the positioning system which was investigated by a field experiment, showed maximum error of 13cm on a flat meadow of 40m×60m. In addition, the recognition method of the visual marker, which applied a neural network, was also developed to improve the measurement accuracy. Finally, the vehicle automation experiment was conducted on a flat meadow hypothesized on a reciprocating work. As a result, the autonomous vehicle was able to travel in a desired work width using the positioning system, and indicated satisfied performance.
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Architecture of Robot and Harvesting Experiment
I Dewa Made SUBRATA, Tateshi FUJIURA, Hisaya YAMADA, Yukinobu ISHIHARA ...
1998 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
59-68
Published: January 01, 1998
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A cherry tomato harvesting robot equipped with a 3-D vision sensor was made for experiment. The manipulator has four degree-of-freedom; right-left turning, up-down traverse, up-down turning and in-out traverse. Fruits were picked with a suction type harvesting hand that can be bent to the right and left. For the purpose of collision avoidance, the locations of the stems and leaves as well as the red ripe fruits were recognized by processing the 3-D image. The locus and bending direction of the hand were decided by the location of the fruit and obstacle. The collision avoidance was effective for the cherry tomato harvesting robot, although some problems must be solved for the reliable harvesting job.
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Detection Method of Apple Using Genetic Algorithm
Shu-huai ZHANG, Teruo TAKAHASHI, Hiroshi FUKUCHI, Ming SUN, Hideo TERA ...
1998 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
69-76
Published: January 01, 1998
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In Part 1, the thermal distribution characteristics of apple tree and the acquiring method of apple binary image from infrared thermal image was presented. This paper reports the detection method of apple using pattern recognition by genetic algorithm (GA) specifically as the detection problem of a circle from the binary image. Also, it investigated the possibility of detecting algorithm based on the information obtained using the techniques discussed in Part 1. In the results, it was verified that all apples were almost successfully detected from the infrared thermal image regardless of the differences in light intensities and the temperature of the surroundings whether during the day or night. And the apple position and size detected agreed with the ones in the infrared thermal image.
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Hiroshi TAKEDA, Kiyoshi NAMIKAWA
1998 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
77-83
Published: January 01, 1998
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Suitable day of harvesting watermelon is 40 to 50 days after bearing of fruit. So farmers in some region decide the suitable time for harvesting by stick marker that is set on flowering time. In this study, we used spherical markers painted different colors and consider possibility of recognition to detect position of the marker with image processing. It was possible to detect position of white marker with maximum 8.6% error, but this error was 20% for red, yellow, and blue marker. It was impossible to recognize light blue or purple marker.
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Christopher KANALI, Haruhiko MURASE, Nobuo HONAMI
1998 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
85-98
Published: January 01, 1998
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Studies were conducted to establish the feasibility for a charge simulation retina model to identify shape and size. The retina consisted of sensory cells which detected image features generated by different 3-D objects that were arbitrarily located in the retina's field of view. The image features were compressed by a charge simulation method algorithm by computing output signals at work cells located in the retina. With these signals, neural networks were used to classify each image, to identify shape and size. Classification rates above 75% for both shape and size were obtained, showing that it is feasible for the retina to identify shape and size. Since object displacement affected the performance of the retina, to minimise misclassification, it is necessary that the centre of area of each object is kept within a circle whose radius is one-tenth that of the retina and is measured from the centre of the retina base.
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Improvement in Energy Use by Partial Recirculation of Exhaust Air
Mitsuhiko KATAHIRA, Eiji BEKKI
1998 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
99-106
Published: January 01, 1998
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In the preceding paper, it was found that energy efficiencies in the preparatory drying of raw garlic bulb were inferior to other agricultural products containing low moisture such as cereal grains. This is because the time required to reduce the moisture to safe storage level was too long as a result of its low drying rate. In the present paper partial recirculation of exhaust air was adapted to improve energy efficiency. The experiments were designed with 38, 51, and 77% of exhaust air volume recirculated and with non-recirculation set as the control. The results showed that the proportion of recirculated heat to the total amount of incoming heat quantity was only 0.1% at a recirculation of 38%, but increased to 9.9% and 15.1% at the recirculation level of 51% and 77%, respectively. Energy efficiency, expressed as the total amount of fuel and electricity consumed required to remove 1kg of moisture from raw garlic bulbs, was 54.6MJ/kg at a recirculation of 77% or a reduction of 71.4% when compared with 190.7MJ/kg in non-recirculation. Thermal efficiency in a drying chamber was also increased by 6.6 times from 2.3% in non-recirculation to 15.2% in recirculation of 77%.
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Hideo HOSHIBA, Kazutaka UMETSU, Hidehiko TAKAHATA
1998 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
107-114
Published: January 01, 1998
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The purpose of this study is to compare the characteristics of periodic milking operation (three times a day) and continuous milking operation (20 hours a day) using automatic milking system. The milking performance for periodic milking was 11-13 cows per hour and 3-4 cows per hour for continuous milking. Milking stall utilization for periodic milking was 55% for stall one and 45% for stall two. In continuous milking it was 68% and 32%, respectively. The milking interval for periodic milking was 8-9 hours, and for continuous milking it was 5-12 hours; and milking frequency was 3 times a day and 2.7 times a day, respectively. Actual working time per worker for the two operations was 3 hours per day for the periodic and 2 hours for the continuous.
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Outline of Agricultural Mechanization and Working Systems for Direct Seeded Rice
Takashi GOTOH, Yoh NISHIMURA
1998 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
115-120
Published: January 01, 1998
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Agricultural Development and Agricultural Mechanization
Masahiro YONEYAMA, Toshiyuki TSUJIMOTO, Hai SAKURAI, Koji YAMAGUCHI
1998 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
121-125
Published: January 01, 1998
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Yoshio INOUE
1998 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
127-134
Published: January 01, 1998
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Measurement of Images and its Applications (Part 1)
Yoshinari MORIO, Yoshio IKEDA
1998 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
135-139
Published: January 01, 1998
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Measurement of Images and its Applications (Part 1)
Hiroshi SHIMIZU
1998 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
139-142
Published: January 01, 1998
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Hironoshin TAKAO
1998 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
144
Published: January 01, 1998
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Shin SATO
1998 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
145-148
Published: January 01, 1998
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New Technology for Drying, Processing and Storage of Rice
Kiyokazu GOTO
1998 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
149-152
Published: January 01, 1998
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New Technology of Grain Drying Facilities
Kazuhiko SONOBE
1998 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
153-159
Published: January 01, 1998
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Toshihiko MUKAI
1998 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
160-163
Published: January 01, 1998
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Present Situation and Task for the Quality Evaluation Methods of Cereal Grains
Ken'ichi OHTSUBO
1998 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
164-168
Published: January 01, 1998
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New Technology of Quality Evaluation Apparatus for Cereal Grains
Takao SUGIYAMA
1998 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
168-172
Published: January 01, 1998
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Isao ABE
1998 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
173-177
Published: January 01, 1998
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Y. TANABE
1998 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
179-182
Published: January 01, 1998
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N. YAMANA
1998 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
183-184
Published: January 01, 1998
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T. IBUKI
1998 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
185-186
Published: January 01, 1998
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M. MATSUI
1998 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
187-188
Published: January 01, 1998
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