JOURNAL of the JAPANESE SOCIETY of AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY
Online ISSN : 1884-6025
Print ISSN : 0285-2543
ISSN-L : 0285-2543
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Volume 71, Issue 1
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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ESSAY
SPECIAL EDITION
TECHNO-TOPICS
RESEARCH PAPERS
  • The Walking Control of a Hexapod Robot for Collecting Field Information
    Donghyeon KANG, Michihisa IIDA, Mikio UMEDA
    2009 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 1_63-1_71
    Published: January 01, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.71.1_63
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In this paper, a hexapod robot has been developed as a test platform to examine that a legged robot is useful and available to check crop growth and disorders in agricultural fields. The robot can be controlled in two ways : firstly by remote control using an infrared wireless communication, and secondly by autonomous control using infrared distance-measuring sensors. The robot was controlled in the walking patterns such as the tripod, tetrapod and pentapod gaits to move around off-road. In experiments, the walking speed and the durability of a battery was measured for each gait. As the result of the measurement, the robot could walk at the speed of 2.8m/min and the distance of more than 30m by using of one battery. In addition, the robot could on the slope with an inclination of 15°. Finally, it was successfully demonstrated that the robot could autonomously walk between two lines of wooden pillars and maize plants while avoiding collision by using infrared distance-measuring sensors.
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  • Solidification of Methane Fermentation Remains and its Utilization in Agriculture
    Masakazu KITAGAWA, Seishu TOJO, Kengo WATANABE
    2009 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 1_72-1_79
    Published: January 01, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.71.1_72
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    For easy use in agriculture, solidification of methane fermentation remains was examined using three types of solidification agents : sodium silicate, agar and superabsorbent polymer. Methane fermentation remains became a solid when mixed with agar ; however, the remains were still fluidal after combining with sodium silicate and superabsorbent polymer. NH3 emissions from solidified methane fermentation remains over 7days decreased 9-47% with sodium silicate and decreased 6-39% with superabsorbent polymer. CH4 emission from the sample over 4 hours decreased 0.25-1.08mg/m2 with sodium silicate and decreased 0.31-1.41mg/m2 with agar, but increased 0.17-0.99mg/m2 with superabsorbent polymer. According to a crops cultivation test using solidified methane fermentation remains as fertilizer, germination was restrained by solidified methane fermentation remains combined with sodium silicate. Crop growth was also influenced measurably with the use of agar and superabsorbent polymer.
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  • Non-Contact Measurement of Soil Clod Fineness by Image Analysis
    ——Effect of Illuminance Level on Classification of Soil Clod Fineness——
    Hiromichi ITOH, Kanta MATSUO, Akira OIDA, Hiroshi NAKASHIMA, Juro MIYA ...
    2009 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 1_80-1_86
    Published: January 01, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.71.1_80
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    The purpose of this study is to develop an algorithm for real-time measurement of soil clod fineness by image processing. Five sizes of soil clod were prepared by sieving. Surface images of the soil fragments after rotary tillage were captured using a digital video camera under 22 different lighting conditions. Thirty-four image features were measured. The effect of lighting conditions on the variation of image features was clarified by non-parametric analysis of variance. The relation between the clod size and texture features could be expressed in terms of multiple regression equations with coefficients of determination greater than 0.9100. The obtained equations showed high accuracy in distinguishing soil clod sizes under various illuminance conditions.
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TECHNICAL PAPERS
  • Development of Seeding Material Made from Organic Waste for Johkasou (Part 1)
    ——Production of Seeding Material——
    Youitirou KOJIMA, Tsuneo YOSHIDA, Humihiko TAKEBE, Juzo MATSUDA, Kazuh ...
    2009 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 1_87-1_93
    Published: January 01, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.71.1_87
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    We developed a seeding additive made from organic waste that accelerates the activity of bacteria in Johkasou, a small wastewater treatment system. The seeding material that was selected accounted for only 4% of the mixed raw materials from which it was obtained. The wastewater purification ability of the developed seeding material was enhanced during the composting process. The seeding material contained more organic matter and inorganic halomorphic compounds necessary to metabolize microorganisms than those in recommended quantities compost. Most of microorganisms in the seeding material belonged to Bacillus genus.
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  • Development of Seeding Material Made from Organic Waste for Johkasou (Part 2)
    ——Wastewater Purifying Effect of Seeding Material——
    Yoichiro KOJIMA, Juzo MATSUDA, Kazuhiko OHMIYA
    2009 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 1_94-1_100
    Published: January 01, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.71.1_94
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    We developed seeding material used as accelerates activity of bacteria in johkasou made from organic waste. We compared the potential of wastewater treatment characteristic of the seeding material with other additives. Although the seeding material addition was slower than sewage sludge addition, it overall performed stability higher level CODcr removal in different temperatures and kinds of wastewater than other additives. Further, in 20°C, the seeding material addition removed same level CODcr as sewage sludge addition with less MLSS and a number of bacteria than it in the peptone and the artificial wastewater.
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  • Development of Seeding Material Made from Organic Waste for Johkasou (Part 3)
    ——Solidification of Seeding Material——
    Youitirou KOJIMA, Juzo MATSUDA, Kazuhiko OHMIYA
    2009 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 1_101-1_107
    Published: January 01, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.71.1_101
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    The developed seeding material is powdery, and it is therefore difficult to transport and handle and is easily flushed out of the Johkasou. To solve these problems, the seeding material was solidified. Solidification was achieved by kneading seeding material and water together with rice powder as binder and by applying a load to the kneaded solid in a mold. Knead frequency, ratios of added water and binder, and load applied to the kneaded material were changed as experimental conditions. Good solidification was achieved under the conditions in which knead frequency was over 20 times, ratios of added water and binder were 25-27.5w/w% and 5-15w/w%, respectively, and solidification load was over 147N.
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  • Working Curve for Reduction of Exhaust Emissions from an Agricultural Tractor Engine
    Kenji HIYOSHI, Ei SEKI, Yoshiji OCHIAI, Hiroyuki TAKAHASHI, Takashi FU ...
    2009 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 1_108-1_117
    Published: January 01, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.71.1_108
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    The contour lines of emission gas maps and power take off (PTO) power performance curves for a variety of exhaust types were used to express the discharge characteristics the tractor exhausts. The gasses investigated were Bosch smoke, nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and total hydrocarbons (THC). The discharge characteristics associated with the operating range of the engine were expressed in three dimensions. Using these maps, general discharge performance values for each exhaust were calculated by combining fuel consumption and the discharge characteristics. In addition, working curves for the reduction of exhaust emissions were developed. It is proposed that running an engine on such a working curve reduces exhaust emissions.
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  • Efficient Preparation Technology to Improve Digestibility of Forage Rice (Part 3)
    ——Exfoliation and crushing of the paddy in whole crop rice silage and its feeding to Holstein steers——
    Kazuto SHIGETA, Hiroki MATSUYAMA, Tamaki KIDA, Morinobu MATSUO
    2009 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 1_118-1_123
    Published: January 01, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.71.1_118
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    To reduce grain excretion — a serious problem when feeding dairy and beef cattle whole crop rice silage — a rice silage crusher was developed to exfoliate chaff or to crush the paddy itself. This apparatus was used to exfoliate the chaff or crush the paddy used to prepare whole crop rice silage ; the crush rate was over 90%. In Holstein steers, the nutrient digestibility and nutrient contents of whole crop rice silage prepared with the crushing process were better than that prepared without crushing process ; furthermore, grain excretion was reduced by 66%. The chewing activities did not differ in the case of silage prepared with or without the crushing process.
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  • Six Mode Vibration of Farm Tractor Caused by Tire Lugs
    Jun-ichi TAKEDA, Masaru SHIMADA, Yutaka KIKUCHI, Makoto NAKANO, Toshio ...
    2009 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 1_124-1_130
    Published: January 01, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam.71.1_124
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    Six modes of vibration on a farm tractor caused by tire lugs were investigated by running the tractor on a flat surface concrete road. Vibrations pertaining to pitch and bounce modes were caused by each lug on the rear tires exerting contact forces on the road surface, whereas both yaw and left-and-right translational vibration modes were brought about by forced vibrations of a pair of lugs on the rear tires. Vibration relating to roll mode was caused by each lug, as well as by each pair of lugs. This phenomenon showed that while the up-and-down forced vibration was mainly due to surface contact forces exerted by each rear tire lug, the left-and-right forced vibration was similarly produced by corresponding forces exerted by a pair of rear tire lugs. Pitch and up-and-down translational vibration modes were also caused by each lug on the front tires, although no observable results can be obtained on the effects of a pair of front tire lugs on specific vibration modes.
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SHORT REPORT
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