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Volume 39 (1977 - 197･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 433-
- Issue 3 Pages 261-
- Issue 2 Pages 143-
- Issue 1 Pages 4-
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Volume 39, Issue 2
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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Masaru TERADA, Noboru KAWAMURA1977 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 143-150
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith a view to improve the preventive effect of chemicals sprayed by sprinkler, this study was made on the effect of the trajectory velocity of primary droplets in the air, on the deformation of them, the development of them on the leaf surface and generation of secondary droplets. Further, the relation was investigated between the surface tention of chemicals and the adherent state of the thin film of chemicals on the leaf surface.
The result obtained are summarized as follows.
1. Experimental values of the trajectory velocity of the primary droplets were always smaller than calculated ones; the difference was 0.62 (m/sec) at the maximum in this experiment. When the surface tension of droplets was decreased the trajectory velocity of them became smaller.
2. The deformation of droplets can be expressed as a function of Weber Number. As the surface tension decreased the deformation became large.
3. The droplets collided on leaf surface and flew into a thin film of chemicals. When the development reached the maximum, the thin film stopped flowing, and small droplets were produced on the leaf surface.
4. Adherent state on the leaf surface varied with the surface tension of droplets. Adherent radius was in inverse proportion to the surface tension of droplets.
5. About 80% of kinetic energy was dissipated for the collision, and the rest was for developing the thin film.
6. As the colliding velocity increased, adherent radius also increased, and the relation between (R-R0) vs V can be expressed by means of ln (R-R0)=n·lnV+lnA.
Value of n were decided by the physical property of the liquid used.View full abstractDownload PDF (6773K) -
Junta DOI1977 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 151-156
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPattern discrimination of agricultural crops using computer on-line operated infrared thermal camera is reported. The camera has the capability of temperature resolution of 0.05deg by the liquid nitrogen cooled mercury cadmium telluride sensor. By the computerized pattern acquisition system, infrared thermal signal is directly digitized and transferred to the core memory of the computer and then restored in the magnetic tape file. The full graphic digital color display system of raster scan format with the picture element of 256×256 or 512×512 displays the processed thermal pattern by real, pseude or hybrid color display format.
Favorable extraction of the orange fruits from the branches and the leaves is obtained by the multi-level thresholding of their temperature.
Discrimination of the vegetable (Komatsuna) and the soil surface is also made by the same method.
This infrared pattern recognition technique is expected to be a powerful tool for the visual aid to automated farming system and the instrumentation or selection of agricultural crops.View full abstractDownload PDF (4410K) -
Digital Sampled-Data Adaptive Control SystemTsuneo KAWAMURA, Noboru KAWAMURA, Kiyoshi NAMIKAWA1977 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 157-162
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe field experiment of the digital sampled-data feed rate adaptive control system was done using a 9 P. S. small combine harvester with the hydrostatic drive. The control system controlled the traveling speed of combine with the electronic logic equipment, sensing with digital sample method of 3 inputs of the threshing cylinder speed, the feed rate and its change.
The traveling speed, the threshing cylinder torque, the engine speed and the other phenomena were put in steady states quickly by adapting to the field conditions.
The straw layer setting value was also put in an optimum range by adapting operation, when its initial setting value was lower enough for starting the combine; but when it was too high, the response of this control system was a little unstable.
The dead zone width of the straw layer setting value had an optimum range and when it was too wide or narrow, the adapting time was longer and the control was a little unstable.
When the traveling speed changing ratio was too large, this control system showed oscilation, and when it was too small, the time that the control system was in stability was too long. So it had an optimum value, but it is concerned with the sampling frequency.
This control system is effective to the step input which the ordinary control system (ON-OFF control system) has not revealed good results.View full abstractDownload PDF (995K) -
Development of a Harvesting MechanismMotomu KARAHASHI, Kyojiro INOUE, Nobuyuki SAWAMURA, Noriaki ISHIZUKA1977 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 163-170
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper we describe the developments of a harvesting mechanism and an experimental harvester including the results of field tests from 1973 to 1977.
1) The developed harvesting unit was constructed with main parts as follows; two vertical rubber rolls and V-belts stuck rubber tubes which made the control of the posture and the feeding of heads, a disk-type rotary cutter, a floor conveyer, and a lifting conveyer which was constructed with two upper rubber tubes and two under V-belts stuck rubber tubes. This unit was for harvesting crisphead lettuce, and Chinese cabbage was harvested by attaching a free roll in front of the lifting conveyer to fall before coming in the conveyer. Also, cabbage and cauliflower were harvested by attaching an unit to hold stems between two augers and feed them to the cutter, (see Fig. 1).
2) An experimental harvester was made for the purpose of field tests mainly for the harvesting unit. This harvester had a crawler traveling unit and a 8 P. S. engine, and the above harvesting unit was suspended in front of the left side track. Also, a belt conveyer for cutting heads again with stem parts and for separating heads, three boxes for collecting graded heads, a floor for packing heads, a shelf for loading cartons and the others were mounted on the frame of the tracks (See Fig. 2).
3) In harvesting lettuce the percentages of good harvested heads, of which the cutting stem parts again were almost unnecessary, were 60-70%, and in this case the percentages of deep cut heads were 6-7%. Under the above conditions and the plant condition of the harvesting rate of about 60% harvesting was able to be performed in the working speed of 2.0 seconds per space between plants with the crew of 3 men including an operator.
4) In the harvesting of cabbage of many varieties the percentage of deep cut heads was less than 5% when the percentage of good harvested heads was less than 50%. However, important problems have been left. Those are the problems of the harvesting unit of which raising action is inferior to lodging plants and leaves are accumulated inside the unit and that the reducing of crew on the harvester is most necessary in comparison with the field efficiency of actual once-over harvests by hand-crew.
5) It was recognized that there was a possibility of using the harvesting unit for Chinese cabbage and cauliflower.View full abstractDownload PDF (3069K) -
Forms and Pulling Resistance Force of Baker's Garlic and Garlic PlantsMasami IWASAKI, Akira ISHIHARA1977 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 171-178
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs the fundamental studies on mechanical harvesting of Baker's garlic and garlic, the pulling resistance force was measured under the growing state by using the lifting equipment designed.
Some results obtained in the experiment are summarized as follows.
1. Baker's garlic
1) Using pulling test method (A) and (B), the percentages of the specimen which could be pulled up without the cutting of leaves, were as follows.
2) The specimens which could be pulled up were better developed in forms, especially in the leaf growth, than those specimens which could not be pulled up.
3) The results of the multiple regression analysis on the effect of the maximum pulling resistance force Rmax (kg) revealed that the weight of bulbs Wb (g), test day T (day) and moisture content ω10-20 (%) were highly significant.
2. Garlic
1) All of specimens could be pulled up without cutting of stems at the pulling test method (A), and it was recognized that there was rather high correlation between Rmax (kg) and bulb diameter a·b (cm), weight of plant W (g).View full abstractDownload PDF (1197K) -
Shinkichi YAMAGUCHI, Kaichiro WAKABAYASHI, Hachiro HOSONO1977 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 179-184
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to discuss the stress cracking of rice during drying process, the effect of the moisture content on the volume change of a rice kernel was investigated.
The densities and specific volumes (dry basis) of many brown and milled rices were determined by means of the liquid-displacement method and the air-comparison pycnometer method at a constant temperature, 34.8±0.3°C. From the relationships between the moisture content and the density of a rice kernel, it was shown that the density of a normal brown rice, which had not been excessively dried, was dependent on its moisture content, regardless of its moisture hysteresis, and that the density of a milled rice was slightly higher than that of a brown rice at any constant moisture content.
In the higher moisture content ranging from 0.08 to 0.43g/g-dry solid, the following equations for the specific volumes (dry basis) of the brown and milled rice were obtained experimentally as v=0.672+0.954w and v=0.661+0.940w respectively.
In this paper by considering a coefficient of hygroscopic expansion defined as the same as the thermal expansion, it could be estimated that the coefficients of cubical and linear hygroscopic expansion were 1.42 and 0.390 (g/g-dry solid)-1, respectivety.View full abstractDownload PDF (1033K) -
The Trial Bottom Unloader No. 2 and Their Working TestsToraji TAWARA, Fusakazu AI, Kengo WATANABE, Toko SEI1977 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 185-190
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOn the problems which were pointed out through the working tests in the previous paper, we discussed all aspects and made two improvement.
As the results, satisfactory conclusions were obtained.
The main improved points and effects were as follows.
1. The conveying device composed of ring conveyer and belt conveyer were added to carry out the silage efficiently.
2. According to the location of the cutter-bar, the moving speed of the cutter-bar were made changeable to balance the unloading quantities of silage per unit time.
3. The capacity of the motor for moving the cutter-bar was increased to 0.7kW.
In view of the results so far achieved, the possibility was obtained of practical use of the silage preparation systems, which were combined the airtightness silo with the bottom-unloader satisying the initial basic conception.View full abstractDownload PDF (1031K) -
Changes of Weights, Configuration and Respiration During Storage of CucumberKengo WATANABE, Toraji TAWARA, Fusakazu AI, Akira MORISHITA1977 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 191-197
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the valuation method of freshness of agricultural products by means of nondestructive method.
This method is to measure the active conditions of agricultural products without destroying some abstructed samples for the continuous measurement of freshness of agricultural products.
The quality of cucumbers was investigated during storage.
A summary of the results was as follows;
1) During storage, the change of surface color of cucumber could not be recognized, but the gloss of cucumber changed in 1-2 days.
2) Length and weight of cucumber were gradually decreased, but the diameter of a cusp of cucumber was decreased at first and after 1-2 days it was gradually increased. After 7-8 days it was decreased again. At the maximum point of those changes, the diameter of a cusp of cucumber was larger than that of harvested day.
3) The respiration rate during storage was gradually decreased, and the formula of those changes was as follows;
Y=0.0412X2-0.71X+7.43
where, Y: the respiration rate [CO2mg/100g/hr] X: storage days [day]View full abstractDownload PDF (2806K) -
Relationship Between Water Loss and QualitySuketoshi KURODA, Koichi AKIMOTO, Syunichi SUGIMOTO, Yasuhiro KAWAHABA1977 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 199-205
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSResearch was made on the wilting, visual quality and ascorbic acid as an indication of components of spinach after harvest. The results were as follows:
1. Wilting spinach is rehydratd by soaking in water and the value as commodities is reserved.
2. Wilting spinach is able to rehydrate up to 20% of weight loss under the condition that the spinach is soaked in water for one day.
3. Wilting at low temperature doesn't cause decay and fading so much.
4. Ascorbic acid of spinach is reserved with the maximun weight loss of 4% under the condition of low temperature storage.
5. Rehydration by soaking in water has an effect on reserving ascorbic acid.View full abstractDownload PDF (1148K) -
Masaki MATSUO, Katsumi ISHIKAWA, Shotaro MORISHIMA1977 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 207-213
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMathematical model was introduced on calculation of size distribution of fiber in beating process, where some assumptions were based on the analysis of each elements of beating probability. Input and output size distribution were represented by vector form. When fiber length distribution was represented, these elements of vector might be given by cumulative frequency, which was calculated from the theoretical distibution curve considering weight. On the other hand, the theoretical distribution curve was not suitable enough to indicate denier distribution, so, these vector elements were calculated by smooth distribution curve (by fiber numbers).
(1) The relation of input vector vs. output one, which was suitably chosen for each distribution, was introduced into beating process, and it is expressed as
B(π·F)+(I-π)·F=F0
where
B: transfer matrix
π: probability matrix
F: input vector
I: unit matrix
F0: output vector
(2) This indication could be suitable for presumption of the change of fiber's configulation, particulary, for that of output denier frequency distribution.
(3) From the point of view of investigating the characteristics of beating process, waiting line-theory was applied, and the indication of output denier distribution was introduced.
(4) The systen of beating process could be evaluated in terms of probabilities.View full abstractDownload PDF (899K) -
In the case of Iranian countryYoshichiro YASUDA, Akira ISHIHARA1977 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 215-218
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1977 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 219-223
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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1977 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 223a
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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1977 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 223b
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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1977 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 225-227,230
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1977 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 228-230
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1977 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 231-233
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1977 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 234-235
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1977 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 236-237
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1977 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 238-239
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1977 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 240-244
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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