JOURNAL of the JAPANESE SOCIETY of AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY

[title in Japanese]

T. KONAKA

1991 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 1-2
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.53.5_1

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System Analysis of the Performance in a Two-stroke Cycle Gasoline Engine for Industrial and Farm Use

Kazuo SATO, Masamitsu NAKANO

1991 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 3-10
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.53.5_3

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This paper deals with a software program which calculates the performance of a two-stroke cycle gasoline engine. The software program comprises mainly the following relations: air flow, fuel flow, rotational force, and exhaust gas composition. The engine was accordingly fitted with the following experimental apparatus: an air flow-meter, a fuel flow-meter, an A. C. dynamometer, and an exhaust gas analyzer. Electronic signals automatically recorded the experimental conditions: air-fuel ratios, engine speeds, and exhaust gas concentrations, etc.. A computer then calculated the characteristics of the engine: delivery ratios, scavenging efficiencies, mean effective pressures, and specific fuel consumptions, etc..

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Numerical Analysis of Stress and Strain on a Moldboard Plow Bottom

Application of NISA II

Delfin C. SUMINISTRADO, Masayuki KOIKE, Toshio KONAKA

1991 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 11-21
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.53.5_11

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A packaged FEM program, the NISA II, was used to analyze the distribution of stresses and strains on a moldboard plow bottom at various simulated plowing speeds. Quadrilateral thin shell elements were generated by the program based on the contour data of the moldboard and share surfaces. With the use of mathematical models, normal and tangential forces on each path of the tool surface were calculated at four plowing speeds and used as input to the FEM program. Linear static analysis of the loading conditions obtained the quantitative and qualitative behavior of the stresses and strains in the internal structure of the moldboard plow body. Points of stress concentration and large displacements were found to occur in the share. Displacements of the rear portion of the moldboard were found to increase with the speed. Graphical representations describing the distribution of the stresses and strains were also given.

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Study on the Dynamic Interaction between Tire and Sandy Soil (Part 1)

Effects of Vertical Vibration of Wheel on Running Performances

Li-ming Lou, Minoru YAMAZAKI, Akira OIDA, Nobuhiro TANO

1991 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 23-30
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.53.5_23

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For the purpose of improvement of the mobility of off-road vehicle on sandy soil, this study was focused on the dynamic interaction between tire and sandy soil. As the part 1 of this study, authors carried out the experiments by using a pneumatic tire wheel in which the wheel load and inflation pressure as well as the drawbar force were kept constant to see how the vertical vibration affects the running performances of the tire wheel. The difference of wheel performances due to the vertical vibration was shown. The effects of amplitude and frequency of exciting vertical vibration to the wheel were examined in detail. The results obtained in this experiment were as follows. 1) Slippage of tire and driving torque were considerably influenced by the amplitude and frequency of exciting force. 2) It was also shown that those phenomena significantly depended upon natural characteristics of running device including the tire.

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Appropriate Design of Subsoilers with Pressurized Fluid Injection (Part 2)

Soil Failure by Pressurized Fluid Injection

Rui GAO, He Rong YEN, Ken ARAYA, Tsukasa MAEKAWA, Satoshi TSUNEMATSU, ...

1991 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 31-40
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.53.5_31

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There are two design objections of the subsoilers with pressurized fluid injection. They are for a pan-breaker and for an injector. A large soil failure rate favors the pan-breaker and a small soil failure rate favors the injector. This report deals with the appropriate shapes of the pan-breaker and the injector, the draft of which can be reduced by injecting pressurized air (about 1.2MPa at an air tank) from a nozzle port at the tip of a chisel, modifying the appropriate shapes of the subsoilers without fluid injection discribed in the previous report.
Our results showed that the appropriate pan-breaker with fluid injection should have the rake angle of 45-60°, the shank thickness of more than 15mm, the chisel length of 450mm, the chisel thickness of 50×50mm, and the heel position of 100mm. The appropriate injector with fluid injection should have the rake angle of 90°, the shank thickness of less than 15mm, the chisel length of 250mm, the chisel thickness of 30×30mm, and the heel position of 100mm.

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Fundamental Studies on Soil Failure under Vibrating Tillage Machine (Part 3)

Soil Failure under a Vibrating Tillage Tool

Tanya NIYAMAPA

1991 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 41-49
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.53.5_41

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The experiments under a vibrating tillage tool were conducted in a laboratory soil bin having a sandy loam soil. The tool was oscillated sinusoidally in the direction of soil bin travel. The tool was operated at oscillating frequency of 4.5 to 19.6Hz and amplitude of 9 to 26mm. The soil bin travel speed was varied from 0.05 to 0.224m/s.
A brittle failure characteristic was observed in the crescent shaped soil failure area. The soil fragments in the crescent shaped areas increased with increase in oscillating frequency. There were 2 main zones i. e. deep layer zone and near surface zone of soil disturbance were observed. In the deep layer zone dry bulk density of disturbed soil decreased with increase in velocity ratio. The size of soil fragment decreased with increase in velocity ratio. Dynamic behaviour of horizontal force could be related to the characteristics of soil failure.

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Studies on Image Recognition of Fruit Vegetables (Part 1)

Extraction of Feature Parameters on Binary Image of Fruit Vegetables

Naoshi KONDO, Yasunori SHIBANO

1991 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 51-58
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.53.5_51

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In this report, feature parameters related to the complication and the direction such as complexity, fractal dimension, Feret's diameter ratio, moment and others were extracted on binary image of standing fruit vegetables in order to establish a relatively simple method of image recognition. The possibility of the shape recognition was investigated.
From the results, it was found that these feature parameters could express the plants from the various viewpoints, though the values scattered because of the complication and the manifold of the plant. It was considered that these parameters could be effectual for the image recognition if these were used in proper combination, instead of using independently.

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On the Structure of the Pick-up Mechanism of Japanese Radish Harvest System

Osamu KOBORI, Tadashi FURUYA, Kanji OTUKA, Hisashi HOSOKAWA

1991 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 59-63
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.53.5_59

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A new mechanized harvesting system for Japanese radish was developed. This system is consisted of a pair of disks arranged in parallel, a dual trailer and an implement-carrier (a high clearance, mid-mount tractor). In this report, the structure of an improved pick-up mechanism in this system were examined.

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Studies on the Storage of Chinese Yam cv. “Nagaimo” (Part 3)

Changes in Quality of Chinese Yam during Field Storage

Kazunori HIRONAKA, Ken'ichi ISHIBASHI

1991 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 65-73
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.53.5_65

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The changes in the quality of the yams stored in the field in Tokachi were investigated from November 1986 through April 1987. The soil air surrounding the yams was 2-4 fold richer in CO₂ concentration than air during storage. However, there were no significant differences in the CO₂ and O₂ concentrations for soil air from 20 to 80cm depth. The viscosity of the ground solution of the yams decreased during storage, while a decrease in the rigidity was not observed. The spinnability increased gradually during storage. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the soil temperature significantly affected the viscosity of the yams at 1% level, whereas the CO₂ and O₂ concentration in the soil had little effect on it. Thus the viscosity could be expressed as a function of the temperature at the 60cm depth.

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Development of an Automatic Transport Vehicle for Use in Greenhouses and its Practical Performance

Jun YAMASHITA, Kazunobu SATOU, Mitsunori HIKITA, Takeshi IMOTO, Takemi ...

1991 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 75-84
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.53.5_75

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The prototype of a railles unmanned automatic transport vehicle was developed to be used as an ancillary means to avoid harsh harvest transport in greenhouses. This vehicle is equipped with mechanical and electronic control functions. It is a four-wheel vehicle driven by 12V, 150W DC geared motors. The map guided type travelling method is adopted. The prevailing position is sensed by optical sensors mounted on the vehicle body and by reflector plates installed in the greenhouse while the vehicle is moving towards the prescribed destination.
The results of row spacing travelling test showed that the convergence distance of the vehicle while running on a ridge side angle of 40° was about 1.8m at an approach angle of 12°, that the power requirement for transporting the maximum load of 80kg was 87.6W at the speed of 40cm/s, and that continuous five hours operation was possible with standard load. The practical application of the prototype vehicle is now envisioned.

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Studies on Robotics for Biotechnological Operations (Part 3)

Fuzzy Control of a Robot Finger Set Driven by Shape Memory Alloy Actuators

Tsuguo OKAMOTO, Osamu KITANI, Tohru TORII

1991 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 85-91
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.53.5_85

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A robot finger set for gripping plant tissue without damage or crush was studied and developed. Shape memory alloy (SMA) element was used for actuator to make a hand mechanism small and light without using machine parts. Though SMA element has non-linearity of response, the actuator was able to move its finger smoothly by applying fuzzy control method. Thus, the the finger-tips were positioned precisely and the gripping force wes controlled accurately. The finger set was able to grasp tobacco callus successfully.

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Experimental Evaluation of Designing Parameters for a Vibrating Potato Digger

Kenshi SAKAI, Satoru NANBU, Shun-ichi HATA, Munehiro TAKAI, Masaki JIN ...

1991 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 93-98
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.53.5_93

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Car Navigation System

H. GOTO

1991 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 99-104
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.53.5_99

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[title in Japanese]

H. SHINOZAKI

1991 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 106-107
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.53.5_106

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1991 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 108-110
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.53.5_108

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1991 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 110-114
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.53.5_110

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1991 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 114-118
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.53.5_114

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1991 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 118-122
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.53.5_118

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1991 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 122-128
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.53.5_122

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1991 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 128-132
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.53.5_128

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