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S. YAGI
1999 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages
1-2
Published: January 01, 1999
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T. OKAMOTO
1999 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages
3-4
Published: January 01, 1999
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Mikio UMEDA, Tomohiro TAKIKAWA
1999 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages
6
Published: January 01, 1999
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Sakae SHIBUSAWA
1999 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages
7-12
Published: January 01, 1999
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Noboru NOGUCHI
1999 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages
12-16
Published: January 01, 1999
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B. S. BLACKMORE, [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1999 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages
17-26
Published: January 01, 1999
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Mikio UMEDA
1999 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages
26-29
Published: January 01, 1999
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Akira SASAO
1999 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages
30-35
Published: January 01, 1999
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Ryohei KADA
1999 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages
35-40
Published: January 01, 1999
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K. NISHIZAKI
1999 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages
41-42
Published: January 01, 1999
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T. ONO
1999 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages
43-44
Published: January 01, 1999
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M. MATSUI
1999 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages
45-46
Published: January 01, 1999
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T. MATSUMOTO
1999 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages
47-48
Published: January 01, 1999
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Bearing Capacity of Track
Takeshi SHIKANAI, Toru KUKITA, Koichi HASHIGUCHI, Masami UENO
1999 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages
75-80
Published: January 01, 1999
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Bearing capacity of farm land which generally consists of soft soil on hard sole pan differs from that of homogeneous semi-infinite ground. In this study a track is idealized as infinite adjacent loads penetrating into rigid-perfectly plastic solid with internal friction (soil) on rigid sole pan in plane strain. The bearing capacity of farm land for the track is theoretically analyzed by the slip-line method in order to establish a reasonable designing guidelines for the track. Interfering slip-line field is appeared with small load interval. The slip-line field is restricted within shallow limits when the soil depth is small. Four types of the slip-line field that satisfy the admissible velocity field are proposed for variation of soil depth, load width and its interval. Then, the variation of the bearing capacity is discussed in relation to internal friction angle of soil, load width and its interval.
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Air Flow Resistance of Soybeans
Keiich INOUE, Kannji OOTSUKA, Mitsuho SUGIMOTO, Noriyuki MURAKAMI, Bun ...
1999 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages
81-89
Published: January 01, 1999
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We examined pressure loss of soybeans and analyzed the data using the non-dimensioned Navier-Stokes equations for forced air in accumulations. And expressed resistance factors or friction factors of soybeans as the function of Reynolds number, to esteem a pressure loss in air forced layers of soybeans by calculation. We could get an experimental equation of resistance factor that was applied for generally to pressure loss of soybeans, in 40<R
e<200 ranges which is used with usual forced air drying. We could express characteristics of pressure loss of soybeans, as the function of space rate, ratio of surface area and velocity of air by using an experimental equations of the resistance factor or a friction factor. The characteristics of pressure loss of soybeans were able to be approximated with high accuracy.
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An Optimization of Working Route
Katsuaki OHDOI, Akira OIDA, Minoru YAMAZAKI, Michihiro YAMASHITA
1999 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages
91-97
Published: January 01, 1999
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A method to optimize farmwork schedules, which become more complex as a scale of farm management is enlarged, was developed. In this paper, the method to find the optimum route of a farm machine that visits some fields scattered in an area is described. Genetic Algorithm was applied to find the shortest route regarded as the optimum solution. Two methods, one is encoded by the path representation and the other by the order representation, were developed. The performances of these methods were compared, and it was shown that the former is better. And, it was also shown that this method was more effective than Neural Network especially if there are many fields to visit.
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Michihisa IIDA, Tomofumi MAEKAWA, Mikio UMEDA
1999 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages
99-106
Published: January 01, 1999
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If one operator can drive more than two agricultural machines at the same time, it will be possible to save time and labor for farming. In this paper, an automatic follow-up vehicle system (AFVS) which allows one operator to utilize more than two machines simultaneously is presented. In this system the vehicle controlled by a computer can chase the vehicle driven by a human operator at a constant relative position. It is necessary to measure the relative position between two vehicles exactly in this system. Two ultrasonic sensors and an infrared sensor were used for measurement of the relative position between vehicles. The paper describes the outline and the accuracy of the measuring instrument.
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Kohei NAKANO, Wenzhong Hu, Eriko YASUNAGA, Shigenori MAEZAWA, Koichi A ...
1999 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages
107-113
Published: January 01, 1999
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Respiratory rate of tomato fruits was measured by pouch method and the effect of the changes in gas concentration on respiratory metabolism and ripening physiology were investigated. In the increased carbon dioxide and decreased oxygen, the respiratory rate was repressed and the changes in respiratory quotient values were related to the gas condition and maturity at harvest. The ripening of immature fruit was interrupted at the state of higher concentration of carbon dioxide. Tomato fruits carried out anaerobic respiration less than 4.5% concentration of oxygen without maturity.
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Analysis using Loading and Unloading Models of Soil
Tatsuo HIROMA, Koshi ABE, Takashi KATAOKA, Yoshinobu OTA
1999 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages
115-121
Published: January 01, 1999
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A finite element program with the viscoelactic model of a soil under a loading stress state and the elastic model under an unloading stress state, taking into consideration friction and adhesion between the rigid wheel and soil, was developed to analyze the plastic behavior of soil under a running rigid wheel. The coefficients of viscosity, the bulk moduli and the moduli of rigidity of soil model under a three axial stress state were measured with unconfined compression tests. The soil models were verified by calculations under the loading and unloading stress state. The developed program can estimate the tractive performance of a wheel and the soil compaction under a running wheel.
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Tractive performance and Stress Distribution in Soil
Tatsuo HIROMA, Koshi ABE, Yosuke ICHINOHE, Takashi KATAOKA, Yoshinobu ...
1999 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages
123-129
Published: January 01, 1999
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Tractive performance of a rigid wheel and stress distribution in soil were investigated with both calculations, using the finite element program proposed in Part 1, and experiments. The soil model proposed in the study is the combined model which had a viscoelastic model under a loading stress state and an elastic model under an unloading stress state. The results showed that the soil model which behaved like plastic materials under the running wheel was successful with less than 15% slip. The maximum tractive efficiency was obtained at 15% slip. The maximum normal stress acting on the contact surface between the rigid wheel and the soil showed a slight decrease with increasing slippage. The normal stress in vertical direction and the volumetric strain in the soil also decreased slightly with increasing slippage.
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Takashi KATAOKA, Yuzo ISHIKAWA, Tatsuo HIROMA, Yoshinobu OTA, Kota MOT ...
1999 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages
131-139
Published: January 01, 1999
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The apple is an important agricultural product in north Tohoku region. However, the harvest process is still depending on manual labors. In the manual apple harvesting, the apple is rotated around the absciss layer. The tensile strength between apple peduncle and the absciss layer was measured approximately 47N. The rotational strength between the apple peduncle and the absciss layer was measured approximately 0.05N·m. The convenient way of harvesting the apple is by making the apple rotation with the absciss layer as the rotation center. The harvesting hand with the above performance was developed. The experimental result showed that the developed hand harvested apples with the probability of success of more than 90%. The developed hand has a good performance for apple harvesting.
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Min-zan LI, Akira SASAO, Sakae SHIBUSAWA, Kenshi SAKAI
1999 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages
141-147
Published: January 01, 1999
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Local variability of soil parameters, NO3-N, EC and pH, was evaluated in square areas of 4.2×4.2m
2 for maize growing field (0.6m grid) and of 10×10m
2 for paddy field (1m grid, dry soil after harvesting). Soil samples were collected from three layers: top (5-15cm deep), middle (15-25cm deep) and bottom (25-35cm deep). Spatial data of NO3-N followed a logarithmic normal distribution in the maize field and a normal distribution in the paddy field. In the maize field, high correlation between the layers was estimated in terms of NO3-N. Semi-variance analysis indicated uniform spatial variance in the maize field, and in the paddy field uniform variance along the crop rows but logarithmic variance along the lateral.
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Absorption of Evil-smelling Substances by Fabrics
Nobuaki KUWABARA, Noriko OBATA, Tsuguo OKAMOTO
1999 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages
149-156
Published: January 01, 1999
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The absorption of some evil-smelling substances was investigated for various fibers: wool, cotton, nylon, acrylic, and polyester. As evil-smelling substances, we chose ammonia (NH
3), hydrogen sulfide (H
2S), acetic acid (CH
3COOH), acetaldehyde (CH
3CHO), and formaldehyde (HCHO), which are often emitted in agricultural works. In addition, the effect of moisture content in fibers on the absorption evil-smelling substances was investigated. The results obtained are as follows. 1) The amount of absorption was largely dependent on the type of fibers, while it was slightly dependent on the type of evil-smelling substances. In the case of NH
3, the amount was in the following order; Wool>Cotton>Nylon>Acrylic>Polyester. In the case of H
2 S, Cotton>Wool>Polyester>Nylon>Acrylic. In the case of CH
3COOH, CH
3CHO, and HCHO, Wool>Cotton>Nylon>Polyester>Acrylic. 2) The amount of sorption increased nearly in proportion to the moisture content of fibers. 3) The amount of absorption for HCHO which shows a good affinity for water, gradually increased with the relative humidity in lower relative humidity region, and it more drastically increased in higher relative humidity region. In the former region it behaved in a manner of Langmuir equation. 4) The amount of absorption extrapolated to zero mg/g of moisture content is proportional to the solubility parameter of fibers. This fact may indicate that the solubility parameter can be used as a measure of the characteristic absorption to fibers.
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Noriko OBATA, Nobuaki KUWABARA, Tsuguo OKAMOTO
1999 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages
157-164
Published: January 01, 1999
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For cotton, nylon, polyester fabrics on which pesticide was absorbed, we investigated to remove pesticide from fabrics under various washing conditions in terms of pH, temperature and detergent. The results obtained are as followes.
1) After extracting pesticide from fabrics in acetone at 40°C for 24hours, we could examine the amount of pesticide using gas chromatograph with FPD detector.
2) For the amount of pesticide on fabrics, cotton had the largest amount of the three. Polyester had more pesticide than nylon,
3) On the washing method of desorption of pesticide, in the case of cotton, was effective, washing with only water. In the case of nylon, it was washing with detergent of SDS in alkaline at 40°C, it's most effective. In the case of polyester, it was very difficult to remove pesticide, so it was better method to use detergent of LAS and NCI than SDS.
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Daniel Leslie S. Tan, Virgilio G. Gayanilo, Keiji Miyamoto, Ken-ichi I ...
1999 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages
165-177
Published: January 01, 1999
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Four village level arrowroot starch processing systems in the Philippines were evaluated, namely; System A-crushing the rhizomes by the “ilohan”; System B-grating of the rhizomes; System C-wet grinding of the chipped rhizomes; and System D-dry method of starch extraction. Results showed that System D produced the highest amount of starch per man-h operation (2.0kg/man-h), but lowest in starch quality as compared to the other systems. System B resulted in starch production of 1.5kg/man-h and was the most efficient in terms of performance and starch output quality. Relevant information regarding the processing of arrowroot starch at the village level and the factors affecting the quality of the starch produced were also presented.
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Tatsuya KONISHI, Kohnosuke TSUGA, Muneki TOMITA, Tomohiko ICHIKAWA, Se ...
1999 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages
179-185
Published: January 01, 1999
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Two types of the zigzag rice transplanter was prototyped. The first one had four planting mechanisms with 45cm space. It transplanted in a zig zag pattern. A test field transplanted by the prototype yielded as same as that of conventional transplanter with more planting mechanisms. The second prototype has 35cm of mechanism space, so it is suitable for high density transplanting, such as 30 hills per square meter. Results at field tests showed that high density zigzag transplanting was possible. A survey at a manually planted field indicated that the yield of high density zigzag planted rice was 10% higher than usual.
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Rice Threshing Capability of Dual Flat Belt Rubbing
I Nengah SUASTAWA, Tsuguo OKAMOTO, Tohru TORII, Osamu KITANI
1999 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages
187-194
Published: January 01, 1999
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An experimental apparatus featuring dual flat belt rubbing method was designed and constructed. An experiment was conducted to determine the torque requirement and the threshing capability of the method. Three rice varieties, i.e., Arborio (
Javanica Type), Bluebonnet 50 (
Indica Type) and Koshihikari (
Japonica Type) were used in the experiment. The more rice panicles that were inserted between the belts gap, required more torque to thresh the grain. The torque required to thresh rice with a 1mm belt clearance was larger than that for a 2mm belt clearance. Bluebonnet 50 (
Indica type), which is well known as a high shattering rice, threshed better than the other varieties. In contrast, Koshihikari (
Japonica type), which is a low shattering rice, more unthreshed grains were found than threshed grains. The amount of damaged grain of Bluebonnet 50 was the lowest among other three varieties tested. The dual flat belt threshing mechanism transported the threshed grain to the rear part of the machine.
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Kunio NISHIZAKI, Yoichi SHIBATA, Yasuro YOKOCHI
1999 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages
195-202
Published: January 01, 1999
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A simple compost windrow-forming car and a compost turner was designed to develop low cost manure management systems. The compost windrow-forming car enable the formation of windrows in a short time. In order to pulverize and mix manure by upper and lower beaters in the process of windrow forming, conditions such as aerobic respiration and mixing of materials which play a major role in composting were fulfilled. This car can also be utilized as a manure spreader by folding the windrow-forming cover. The compost turner is equipped with a tractor on the rear right side. Two beaters for mixing and pulverization are equipped to the front parts. Windrows with a width of 2.5m and height of 1.5m are turned at the speed of 4.5-5.1m/min. Combination of the compost windrow-forming car and the compost turner enables to constructed a simple composting system for individual farmers or a low cost.
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Yohei ISHII, Yoshio IKEDA
1999 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages
203-205
Published: January 01, 1999
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