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Volume 60, Issue 6
Displaying 1-27 of 27 articles from this issue
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K. SUSAWA1998 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages 1-2
Published: November 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Robustness of Optimized Biogas Supply ScheduleKohta ISHII, Takahiro FUMOTO, Hideo TERAO, Noboru NOGUCHI1998 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages 3-9
Published: November 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo increase the efficiency of the biogas-diesel dual fuel engine by heat recovery from an engine coolant and an exhaust gas, a co-generation system (CGS) was developed. An gas heat exchanger of a double-tube and parallel flow type are adopted considering the easiness of manufacturing and system modeling. As a result of the experiment, the heat exchanger could collect more quantity of heat than that raised from the simulation. As an additional merit of the heat exchanger, the heat efficiency of the engine also increases because the flow resistance of exhaust gas were decreased by contraction of gas volume. The total energy efficiency of the developed CGS is equal to 65%.View full abstractDownload PDF (1034K) -
Koichi HASHIGUCHI, Takashi OKAYASU, Masami UENO, Takeshi SHIKANAI1998 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages 11-18
Published: November 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA measurement system for the soil displacement induced by farm machinery, construction machinery, etc. has been developed by the authors. In this system movement of markers set inside the transparent side-wall of soil bin is observed, while markers follow the displacement of soil. It takes a lot of time for data processing since positions of markers are read by manual works. On-line data processing system for measurement of soil displacement was developed by adopting the high density line-shift camera and the image processing techniques. Graphic system for demonstration of trajectories of displacement, contours of strain (increment), void ratio, etc. was also developed in this present study. It was verified by the wheel traveling performance test that the system enables us to measure the soil deformation with high efficiency and accuracy.View full abstractDownload PDF (1216K) -
Kenshi SAKAI, Shinsuke TANI, Munehiro TAKAI1998 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages 19-26
Published: November 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAnnual weed life history incorporating with farm operations such as tillage and seed bed preparations (plowing & rotary tillage) is modeled mathematically to describe the dynamics of weed seed population. As the system is recognized as the discrete dynamical system, the developed model is formulated as a k dimensional matrix difference equations. The k of state variables are defined as the number of seeds existing at each depth layer of 2.5mm thickness. Seed production stage and tillage processes are formulated as k×k transition matrix. The transition matrixes for plowing and disk harrowing were determined by field experiments. Numerical experiments were conducted to predict the effect of changing the annual plowing depth on weed seed population. Plowing depth was reciprocally changed from deep and shallow for every annual year. Under the tested condition of model parameters, combinations of deep plowing (40cm) and shallow plowing (20cm) showed remarkable reduction of weed seed population.View full abstractDownload PDF (1443K) -
Analyses and modeling of the characteristics of yield and sugar contentLiya SUN, Masami UENO, Takayoshi AKINAGA, Masateru NAGATA1998 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages 27-34
Published: November 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCropping type is one of the distinct feature of sugar cane cultivation, and it influences the working method, yield, sugar content, and so on in remarkable ways. Harvesting determines the cropping types, and the timing and the method also affect the yield and sugar content in both the present and the subsequent season. The relationships between cropping type and yield and sugar content, and the effect of the harvesting or planting time on the yield, sugar content were clarified in this study to choose the most desirable harvesting method. Mathematical models for the yield and sugar content were made by taking the characteristics of cropping types into consideration.View full abstractDownload PDF (1271K) -
Proposal of “Plug-in Method”Yoshifumi NISHIURA, Nobuo HONAMI, Tomoaki TAIRA1998 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages 35-43
Published: November 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study is on the development of a new grafting method which intends to develop an automatic production system for grafted seedlings and satisfies the conditions in the view of plant histological and physiological standpoints. The shapes which we proposed as “Plug-in Method” are a taper tip for scion and a conical hole for stock. We investigated the possibility of grafting with this method by using tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.).
This report intends to investigate shaping position and matching between the scion and the stock based on the structure, location and physical properties inside materials for grafting or on these appearance. And we fabricated the shaping devices for grafting based on these results. We found this method is effective in the view of cutting and grafting process through an experiment.View full abstractDownload PDF (9287K) -
Examination of performance and cycle about leaf feeding mechanismNobuyoshi HATTORI, Yoshiaki MAEKAWA, Kazuo OSAMURA1998 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages 45-52
Published: November 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn Part 2, a full automated tying machine for burley tobacco which can feed leaf one by one was developed and almost practical. But the limit as for the stability feed cycle time was 1.2 second per leaf by an effect of centrifugal force of the swinging arm in the feeding part. It examined in this study about the leaf feeding mechanism make efficiency in order to improve. A new supplying method that supplied in the direction of the leaf-length was best of them, the performance test was carried out. As a result it was assumed that the feed cycle time was able to reduce to 0.8 second per leaf. But the case when hypothesized the tying operation, it was necessary to control collision force of leaf and the attitude.View full abstractDownload PDF (1177K) -
Modified Heat and Mass Transfer Models Considering Shrinkage During DryingShoji KOIDE, Yoshio NISHIYAMA, Satoshi MURATA, Yuji SUGAWARA1998 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages 53-61
Published: November 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDuring drying of a packed wheat bed, decrease in the bed height caused by moisture reduction is significant. However, this phenomena has not been formulated mathematically before. In this paper, a new mathematical model of heat and mass transfer equations including bed shrinkage due to moisture reduction during drying was developed. In this regard, experiments were conducted on moisture content, temperature, bed height and static pressure in a packed wheat bed. Calculated and measured values fitted closely after introduction of bed shrinkage during drying. Thus the new model which considered shrinkage in the packed wheat bed during drying was found to be suitable to predict the moisture content, temperature and bed height.View full abstractDownload PDF (1092K) -
Factors Affecting Ammonia EmissionsTakeki MAEDA, Juzo MATSUDA1998 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages 63-70
Published: November 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was carried out to investigate some of the factors that affect ammonia emissions during high rate composting. The composting substrate consisted of a mixture of dairy cattle manure and crushed rice hulls. The ammonia volatilization began to increase when the material temperature was reached maximum, and once the temperature began to decline, the volatilization rate declined gradually. In situations where the maximum temperature rose over 55°C, the NH3 emissions during composting increased as the C/N ratio decreased and aeration rate increased. It was found that the nitrogen content particularly ammonium nitrogen content, water evaporation and material pH rising were affecting to ammonia emissions.View full abstractDownload PDF (1387K) -
Tsuguo OKAMOTO, CHUN SHAN Zhao, Yasuhide MIYAMA, Toru TORII, Kenji IMO ...1998 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages 71-77
Published: November 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this research is to develop the system which automates division and transplant work in the propagation process of the seedling mass production in tissue culture done by the manual operation at present. The robotic transplant system using the machine vision was made as an experiment here targeting the propagation work of sugar cane cultivation seedlings. The sugar cane seedling stock increasing in the cultivation pot was divided into two stocks by the trial made four-finger gripper with the aim of the improvement of the transplant efficiency, and the stocks were transplanted into another pot with fresh culture medium at the same time. It took about 22 seconds to separate the seedling of two stocks respectively by two and to transplant them. It could get fully high efficiency though it was compared with the work by hands of the skilled person.View full abstractDownload PDF (3813K) -
Development of Neural Network Model of Color Image Processing and Methods of Binary Image ProcessingMing SUN, Teruo TAKAHASHI, Shuhuai ZHANG, Eiji BEKKI1998 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages 79-87
Published: November 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper intends to develop algorithms capable of discriminating yellow-green apples (var. Orin) in color images, and recognizing individual apples by separating apples connected each other in binary images.
To discriminate yellow-green apples, a neural network model of color image processing was used to distinguish apples, leaves, branches and background. The experiments carried out on yellow-green apple images under the various lighting illustrate that in front of light over 80% (as a target) of the pixels of almost every apples was correctly segmented, but in back of light it was difficult to discriminate apples from leaves when brightness and saturation on apple surface was less than 90 and 30, respectively. The sky and most of branches were correctly segmented.
To separate apples connected each other in binary images, two methods were proposed and tested. The first was multi-threshold processing of brightness on apple surface. The second combined the distance transformation and expansion techniques which was proven to be applicable from the results of which 89% of apples connected were correctly separated and recognized.View full abstractDownload PDF (5030K) -
Real-time Temperature Measurement of Apple TreeShu-huai ZHANG, Teruo TAKAHASHI, Hiroshi FUKUCHI, Ming SUN, Hideo TERA ...1998 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages 89-95
Published: November 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn Part 1, we reported the thermal distribution characteristics and the identification methods of apples, leaves and branches by using the infrared thermal image at the specific time. This paper reports the temperature changing characteristics and the relationships among apples, leaves and air temperature based on the information measured by the infrared thermal image equipment in the real-time for 24 hours. As a result, it was confirmed that the average temperature of apples was 1°C or more higher than the one of the leaves, and the average temperature of the leaves was almost same as the air temperature within daytime and about 3 hours period after sunset. It was also clarified for a remarkable temperature difference not to exist for midnight and the early morning between the apples and the leaves, and both became almost as well as the air temperature. Moreover, a binary image was easily obtained and the apples could be detected by using this temperature difference information.View full abstractDownload PDF (8574K) -
Mitsuji MONTA, Naoshi KONDO, Kuan-Chong TING, Gene A. GIACOMELLI, Davi ...1998 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages 97-104
Published: November 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe single truss tomato production system is an innovative greenhouse tomato growing system developed to approach a plant factory by effective utilization of lighting, space, and human resources. The system was further modified, by growing the plants in an inverted fashion, to eliminate the need for the labor-intensive plant support task and to facilitate automated cultural practices including harvesting of tomato fruit. In this paper, at first, an introduction of robotics into the inverted single truss tomato production system was discussed. Secondly, a multi-fingered end-effector and a simple two degrees of freedom manipulator were developed and tested. From the experimental results, it was found that it is feasible to introduce the harvesting robot into this production system.View full abstractDownload PDF (2390K) -
Harvester strips leavesTeruo HARUZONO1998 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages 105-113
Published: November 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA compact automatic harvester for flue-cured tobacco was developed. The self-propelled harvester is mounted on two rubber crawlers. The leaf stripping mechanism consists of a pair of roller chains with many spring-loaded blades, mounted inclined toward the back, surrounds the stalk and move down around it as the harvester proceeds along a row in order to remove the leaves from plants. The chain revolution is synchronized with the velocity of the harvester. Conveyorbelts immediately carry removed leaves to side baskets. Machine stability for transferring leaves, power consumption and safety were studied.View full abstractDownload PDF (1384K) -
Friction between Rice Grains and Rubber SurfacesI Nengah SUASTAWA, Tsuguo OKAMOTO, Tohru TORII1998 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages 115-122
Published: November 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA friction experiment was conducted to determine the coefficient of friction between grains of four rice varieties and three types of rubber sheet surfaces. The rice varieties used in the experiment were Arborio (Javanica type), Bluebonnet 50, Jhona 349 (Indica type), and Koshihikari (Japonica type). The rubber sheet surfaces were a conveyor rubber belt (Neoflexstart-V), a natural rubber sheet and a silicon rubber sheet. The coefficient of friction of each grain tested was significantly different when it was threshed between different rubber surfaces. The exception was the coefficient of friction between Arborio and the Neoflexstart-V and the natural rubber sheet, which were similar. The coefficient of friction between the Neoflexstart-V conveyor rubber belt surface and the rice grains showed a tendency to increase with increasing grain moisture content. The coefficient of friction determined in this experiment will be used in a numerical simulation to predict the torque requirement of a new dual flat belt threshing method for rice harvester. This new method should be appropriate for threshing high shattering rice.View full abstractDownload PDF (4151K) -
Jong-soo PARK, Chung-su HAN1998 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages 123-128
Published: November 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is essential to wash the foreign matters on the surface of red peppers. Therefore, this study was carried out to develop the red pepper washer using ultrasoincs and rotary brushs. To reduce the damage of red peppers and to increase the washing rate of them, the horizontal brush types of red pepper washer were tested and analyzed. As a results, it was clear that the washing water temperature and the rate of adsorption didn't affect the weight and quality of red pepper. Ultrasonics, newly devised rotary and fixed brush combination increased the washing rate and discharge capacity remarkably.View full abstractDownload PDF (2635K) -
Kunio NISHIZAKI, Yoichi SHIBATA, Yasuhiro YOKOCHI1998 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages 129-131
Published: November 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Iwao NOTSUKI1998 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages 134-137
Published: November 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Kazutomo ICHITO1998 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages 138-142
Published: November 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Tamaki KIDA1998 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages 142-145
Published: November 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Fumiro KASHIWAMURA1998 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages 145-148
Published: November 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Yoshifumi HONDA1998 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages 149-151
Published: November 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Akira HIRATA1998 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages 152-154
Published: November 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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N. MURAI1998 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages 155-156
Published: November 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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R. YOSHIDA1998 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages 157-158
Published: November 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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T. SAKURAI1998 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages 159-160
Published: November 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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K. KAWASE1998 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages 161-162
Published: November 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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