JOURNAL of the JAPANESE SOCIETY of AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY
Online ISSN : 1884-6025
Print ISSN : 0285-2543
ISSN-L : 0285-2543
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Volume 54, Issue 1
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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  • [title in Japanese]
    K. OKUI
    1992 Volume 54 Issue 1 Pages 1-2
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.54.1
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Analysis of Agricultural Tractor Maneuverability
    Jituo YOSHIDA
    1992 Volume 54 Issue 1 Pages 3-9
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.54.3
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    The maneuverability of agricultural tractor consists of directional stability, cornering ability and tracking ability.
    The analysis of directional stability by impulse force dynamics is useful. As tractor turns sharply and moves in a wide range of field condition, kinematic solution of force and moment on gravity centre is useful.
    Cornering ability depends on the cornering mode of tractor, field condition, and characteristics of the tractor control system. Four-wheel-drive tractor is effective on slippery field, and front-wheel over-drive system is excellent for the improvement of the cornering-ability of 4WD tractor.
    The point of designing tractor maneuverability is how to equip a mechanism for changing the cornering modes according to the cornering condition.
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  • Study on the Dynamic Interaction between Tire and Sandy Soil (Part 2)
    Effects of Dynamic Load of Tire on Running Performances
    Li-ming Lou, Minoru YAMAZAKI, Akira OIDA
    1992 Volume 54 Issue 1 Pages 11-18
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.54.11
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    In this paper, the effects of amplitude and frequency of dynamic wheel load on wheel running performances such as wheel slip and driving axle torque as well as wheel sinkage were examined. The experimental results showed that the dynamic wheel load had significant effects on those performances. Further-more, 13Hz was taken as an example to show how the rolling resistance and thrust force of a wheel changed and why the wheel slip increased significantly when the dynamic load of wheel increased. The relationships of wheel slip with driving axle torque and wheel sinkage were also discussed in each frequency.
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  • The Calculation of Passive Earth Pressure for Flat Cutting Blades in Cohesive Soils (Part 2)
    Three-Dimensional State
    Teruo TAKAHASHI
    1992 Volume 54 Issue 1 Pages 19-26
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.54.19
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    The soil cutting force in three-dimensional state was calculated by multiplying the results of two-dimensional state by a three dimensional factor. The factor is estimated from depth/width ratio, cutting angle, angle of soil internal friction, and an influence coefficient, ms, on the sides of a blade. Comparing other researchers' experimental data with the author's calculated results in clay, loam and so on, the average values of ms were in the range of 0.4 to 1.0. The accuracy of the predicted cutting force was within 20% when the shearing resistance was in the range of 0.5 to 10kN.
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  • Studies on Mechanical Subsoil Breaking (Part 2)
    The Characteristic Failure Performance for Rotary Subsoil Breaker with a Chisel Type Subsoiler
    Yoshiaki MISAO
    1992 Volume 54 Issue 1 Pages 27-37
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.54.27
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    The purpose of this paper is to develop the machine capable of breaking subsoil mechanically and to clarify parameters which affect to the fundamental designs.
    The rotary subsoil breaker with a chisel type subsoiler, is composed of a rotary with small blades and a chisel type subsoiler being able to break subsoil in advance and force to bring the rotary tiller portion smoothly into deeper subsoil.
    This paper describes the field performance such as the soil failure resistance of the chisel type subsoiler and the failure torque for the rotary subsoil breaker as influenced by the depth of working.
    As the result, the soil failure resistance increases linearly as the depth of the chisel type subsoiler increases. Also, the failure torque increases linearly as the depth of rotary tiller increases. The specific soil failure resistance and specific failure torque decreases hyperbolically. The soil failure power of the chisel type subsoiler is 1/20 of the failure power of the rotary subsoil breaker. However, we must not underetimate the effect of chisel type subsoiler, since the soil failure greatly affects the travel reduction of tractor.
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  • Studies on the Effect of Boom Sprayer Monitor
    Munehiro TAKAI, Hitoshi EJIMA, Shun-ichi HATA
    1992 Volume 54 Issue 1 Pages 39-46
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.54.39
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    The increase of tractor power and attached implement size has brought about a larger field capacity. But a satisfactory precision was not obtained because of the fluctuation of draft resistance and travel speed. Since tractors has not equipped with real time travel speed monitoring system, operators can not maintain constant speed during operation.
    Recently developed tractor monitor system can provide the operator with instant access to the momentary performance, such as real travel speed, flow rate of materials, field capacity or efficiency which hitherto has not been available during operation.
    In this report, the effect and limitation of sprayer monitor system were investigated. It was clarified that the variation of chemical was reduced. The variability of it was affected by the reliability or personality of operator. To get more accurate performance with the frequent response to the monitor display, the system must be controlled by the computer in place of human operation.
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  • Analysis of Threshing Mechanism of Head Feeding Thresher (Part 1)
    Rice Movement in Threshing Cylinder
    Mikio UMEDA
    1992 Volume 54 Issue 1 Pages 47-55
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.54.47
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    This study presents analysis of threshing mechanism in Japanese type head feeding combine. For this purpose, rice movement was analyzed in order to consider the location of threshing tooth and grain at impact, the relation between impulse and detachment, and the probability of such a phenomenon.
    This report describes the rice movement on threshing cylinder. Flexural rigidity and mass of rice were measured and its vibration characteristic was analyzed. The natural frequency of rice was low compared with the speed of the threshing tooth, and rachis and rachis-branch moved along with the movement of the tooth. Hence, rice movement on threshing cylinder was analyzed by considering geometric condition between the tooth and rice. The head of rice moved perpendicular to the axis of threshing cylinder because of friction force between the tooth and rice.
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  • Studies on Characteristics of Moisture Transfer in Grain (Part 3)
    An Investigation on Drying Characteristics of Different Rough Rice Varieties by Two-Tank Model
    Kiyohiko TOYODA, Ryuzou TAKEUCHI, Hatsuo KOJIMA
    1992 Volume 54 Issue 1 Pages 57-65
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.54.57
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    Application of numerical simulation of a drying process by a computer has become an essential procedure in design of a grain dryer and for finding the optimum drying conditions, and then the drying model is required to have a high accuracy and adaptability to many different rice varieties on which the numerical simulations are based.
    In this study, the drying characteristics of four Japonica and two Indica varieties of rough rice were investigated by a thin-layer drying experiment. It was proved that two-tank model presented in previous papers could predict their drying characteristics with high accuracy. Relationship between the boundary time θk defined in previous papers and the residence time of rough rice in a drying chamber of a recirculating dryer was discussed. It was proposed that the optimum residence time could be decided based on the drying characteristics of each variety. Moreover, it was mentioned that the least square method for estimating model parameters should be applied with some modifications usefully.
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  • Study on the Cracking of Polished Rice Soaked in Water
    Satoshi MURATA, Shoji KOIDE, Toshio KAWANO
    1992 Volume 54 Issue 1 Pages 67-72
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.54.67
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    The ratio of the cracked rice which were immersed in water for a limited time was measured under the various conditions of the rice grain and the temperature of water in order to reveal the cracking mechanism of polished rice during soaking.
    The measurement showed that the cracking closely related with moisture content and water temperature.
    From the observation of the cracked grains a particular direction was observed for the developed line of cracks. Therefore the polished rice grains were cut into ventral portions and dorsal portions, and the coefficients of thermal and hygroscopic expansion, and the difference of partial water penetration were measured.
    The analyzed data showed that the formation of the cracks depended on the partial difference of water penetration into the grains.
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  • Studies on Rheology of White Bread (Part 1)
    Compressibility and Elastic Moduli of Bread Crumbs
    Yiping WANG, Hiroshi MORISHIMA, Yasuhisa SEO, Yasuyuki SAGARA, Kenji I ...
    1992 Volume 54 Issue 1 Pages 73-80
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.54.73
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    An investigation for mechanical properties of white bread has been performed by using an uniaxial compression testing machine developed, and the compressibility as well as elastic properties of the crumb have been discussed from the rheological point of view.
    For the range of deformation rates up to 25%, a force-deformation curve was found to consist of the four stages which were defined as (1) initial toe, (2) proportional stage, (3) transition and (4) breaking regions, respectively. The experimental results indicated that the structure and mechanical strength of the crumb changed by directions showing its anisotropy. The values for proportional limit, equivalent Young's moduli and Poisson's ratios of elasticity were also determined within the proportional stage at which the clumb could be assumed to be an elastic body.
    The results on breaking behavior and viscoelasticity will be reported in subsequent studies.
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  • Crop-Row Detector Equipped with One-dimensional Image Sensor (Part 1)
    Development and Evaluation of Detecting Method by Computer Simulation
    Shun-ichi HATA, Munehiro TAKAI
    1992 Volume 54 Issue 1 Pages 81-88
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.54.81
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The purpose of this study is to develop a crop-row detector which can be applied to an automatic guidance system for cultivators or thinning machines. In this paper, a possibilty of practical use of new crop-row detecting method was discussed based on computer simulation. This detecting method consists of two principal means. One is the hardware means to convert the two-dimensional crop-row vision to the compacted one-dimensional information. The locations of two different points on the target row are detected by this means. This is an effective technique for a real time detecting. Another is the software means to estimate the offset value and the heading angle between the detector and the target crop-row which can be assumed as a linear line. As a result of discussion, the detectable limits and its conditions were clarified, and it was concluded that this detecting method would be accurate enough for practical use.
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  • Accuracy of Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy in Determining Constituent Content of Grain (Part 1)
    Moisture, Protein and Ash of Hokkaido-grown Wheat
    Motoyasu NATSUGA, Shuso KAWAMURA, Kazuhiko ITOH
    1992 Volume 54 Issue 1 Pages 89-96
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.54.89
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Image Processing and Mobile Robot (Part 1)
    H. MORI
    1992 Volume 54 Issue 1 Pages 97-100
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.54.97
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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