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Volume 56, Issue 4
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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M. IIMOTO1994 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 1-2
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2268K) -
Comparison between the Drying Characteristics of Rough Rice, Brown Rice and HuskKiyohiko TOYODA1994 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 3-12
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, the author compared drying characteristics of rough rice with those of brown rice, husk measured by thin-layer drying experiment and investigated a rate controlling step of moisture transfer within rough rice. The drying characteristics of rough rice and its components, brown rice and husk, could be grasped quantitatively as drying constants in “two-tank model” and an exponential model. As a result, it was found that a rate controlling step in a period II of rough rice drying was moisture transfer between brown rice and husk rather than that of brown rice drying itself. Moreover, the temperature dependency of the rate controlling step was investigated by introducing a ratio of moisture transfer resistance φi and the difference between Japonica and Indica varieties were clarified.View full abstractDownload PDF (1652K) -
Drying Characteristics and Thermal Efficiency on Recirculating Type DryerLin-hong ZHANG, Eiji BEKKI1994 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 13-20
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiments on dehumidifying drying of rough rice were done assuming the widely used dry-temporary storage system combined with a recirculating type dryer and several newly provided storage bins. The usual kerosene burner in the recirculating type dryer was replaced with a dehumidifier having a heat exchange capacity of 0.3kW. From the experimental results, it was confirmed that even under the slow rate of drying, the recirculating type dehumidifying dryer could dry the rough rice to the needed storage moisture content, maintain the quality and still have a good thermal efficiency.View full abstractDownload PDF (1271K) -
Basic Characteristics of Brown Rice DryingKiyokazu GOTO, Yoshihiro MIWA, Jian-wei LIU, Kazunobu TOMITA1994 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 21-26
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to keep Japanese rice production, the improvement of quality and the reduction of production cost are the most important. In this research, the characteristics of brown rice drying, which would be effective for reducing cost in the postharvest stage, were obtained and the experiments for practical use were carried out. Brown rice drying is considered to be more reasonable than that of rough rice in effective use of heat energy and rise of volume efficiency. In this paper, the appropriate drying air temperature and relative humidity, initial moisture content of brown rice and tempering time were examined. As a standard condition of brown rice drying, drying air temperature is 30°C, relative humidity is 50%, and the time ratio of tempering to drying should be more than 3. The experimental results for practical use will be described in the next paper.View full abstractDownload PDF (1083K) -
Kouzo KAWASAKI, Hideaki IMURA, Masahiro AIURA, Sadato ISHIBASHI, Shige ...1994 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 27-34
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRush-bundle is usually dried by a heated air dryer after immersing in mud water. A study on a drying process of the rush-bundle has not been performed sufficiently. Especially, a theoretical simulation has never been made so far. A simulation model is presented on the basis of the characteristics of the single rush drying process and the theoretical simulation on the rush-bundle drying process is made. An experimental study is also performed in order to compare between the experimental data and theoretical calculation. As a result, we obtained the following conclusions; 1) It is found that the present simulation model is useful to describe the drying process of a rush-bundle, because the results of the experiment and simulation are in close agreement. 2) The heat transfer from drying air to rushes is hardly affected by a mud sticking to the surface of rushes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1282K) -
Effects of Variety and Harvested Year on the Accuracy of Calibration, and Instrument's Change with the Passage of TimeMotoyasu NATSUGA, Shuso KAWAMURA, Kazuhiko ITOH1994 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 35-44
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe carried out investigations regarding the possibility of applying certain varietal calibration to other varieties, and we found that there were significant differences among varietal calibrations. Therefore, it was difficult to apply the calibration for a certain variety to other varieties. Secondly, we carried out the investigations regarding the effect of harvested year to calibration, and found that calibration was affected by harvested year and consequently it is required to collect samples over several years. Then we carried out the investigations about instrument's change with the passage of time, and we found that there were significant differences among calibrations for each year over the effects of harvested year. Therefore, it is necessary to check instrument daily using standard samples to ensure the accuracy of NIR determination.View full abstractDownload PDF (1427K) -
Measurement of Basic Drying Characteristics for the Theoretical Interpretation of Frying under Reduced PressureSatoshi MURATA, Fumihiko TANAKA, K. S. P. AMARATUNGA1994 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 45-52
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrying of agricultural products is one of moisture reducing operations, and the theory of drying is useful for analyzing this process. To give a theoretical interpretation for this process, we need to know the basic drying characteristics of frying materials under different frying temperatures. The objectives of this study is to find out the drying characteristics of potatoes. The results revealed that the drying mechanism of potatoes changed with the moisture. We found out that the modified constant rate drying equation, which includes the shrinkage effect, fits our experimental data in the early stage of drying. We observed that the first- and the second-falling rate periods appeared at the moisture content below about 130% d.b., and the both drying constants have Arrhenius type temperature dependency.View full abstractDownload PDF (1345K) -
Following Control Using Neuro-controllerKazunobu ISHII, Hideo TERAO, Noboru NOGUCHI1994 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 53-60
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study intends to make an appropriate control system for a nonlinear vehicle kinematics, in view of developing autonomous agricultural vehicles. The kinematics of vehicles that operate on off-road has higher nonlinearity than that of vehicles on a road. Neural Networks (NN) that can be used to solve nonlinear problems was applied to the vehicle control. It was clear that this controller could give output appropriately for both the trained data and the untrained data. Furthermore, the accuracy of control using the neuro-controller was investigated by comparing with the PID controller, in order to evaluate the ability of neuro-controller as a following control system. It was discovered that the neuro-controller indicated higher accuracy than the PID controller, and it was effective for the vehicle control.View full abstractDownload PDF (1295K) -
Development of Active Control Method Using Estimated Steering Angle of Tractor WheelsAkira HIRATA, Nobuki YAMANA, Tomohiro TAKIGAWA1994 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 61-66
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn active trailer wheel steering control system was developed and reported previously. It has been confirmed that application of the system improves tracking performance of both types of trailers, in-line type and offset type. However, it is practically difficult to have rotational sensor fitted to front axle of a tractor to measure the steering angle of the tractor wheels. Therefore, a method to estimate the steering angle of the tractor wheels was developed and reported in this paper. Firstly, estimation methods were compared and it is concluded that the best method is observer method, and estimation by reverse calculation has accurate enough for practical application. In reverse calculation, the steering angle is calculated from the angle and angular velocity between the tractor and the trailer. Therefore, an active control method which uses the steering angle of the tractor wheels estimated from the angle and angular velocity between tractor and the trailer was developed and applied to in-line type roll baler of real size. Step response, 90 degree turn, zigzag running and forage harvesting tests were carried out. The results of experiments show that the performance of the active control method using estimated angle is almost the same as that of the method using measured angle.View full abstractDownload PDF (914K) -
Trial Manufacture and Position Control of ManipulatorKiyoshi NAMIKAWA, Mikio UMEDA, Michihisa IIDA1994 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 67-74
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo handle the heavy matter such as watermelon and fertilizer bag, a 5d. o. f. manipulator driven by hydraulic cylinders except a wrist joint was developed. It is difficult to control the position of the manipulator by reason of the non-linear characteristics between the cylinder displacement and the joint angle. In this study, the position control for 3d.o.f. manipulator except two wrist joints was done by maps indicating the non-linear characteristics and the tracking control was carried out to estimate the performance of the control system. Using the developed method, the manipulator could track the trajectories with the sufficiently practical accuracy of positioning as an agricultural robot on real-time.View full abstractDownload PDF (2874K) -
Strength Analysis of Frost Control FanXin Yao QIAN, Masasuke ICHIKAWA, Nobutaka ITO1994 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 75-82
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this research is to propose a method of weight reduction design procedure for agricultural frost control fan in which the surplus design was considered in structural strength. In this paper, a commercial frost control fan was tested for analysis and the structural strength characteristics of the blade of frost control fan was clarified by use of experimental stress analysis method. The brittle lacquer coating method was applied for investigating the stress distribution of the blade, and the direction of principal stress was investigated. Two element rectangular rosette gauges were attached on seven points along its direction. Stress at each measuring point under various rotating speed (740, 840, 940, 1060, 1150rpm) conditions was analyzed and the driving torque of fan was measured. Frequency analysis was applied for the strain wave of blade at the point where the maximum stress could be observed. It was clarified from the results that in the designing stage the blade of frost control fan had surplus strength enough to be operated, and proposed one of the methods for calculating the thickness of blade from the viewpoint of weight reduction.View full abstractDownload PDF (1363K) -
Development of Target System of ANC and its PerformanceTomokazu YOSHIDA, Fumitake ISHIKAWA1994 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 83-91
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSActive noise control (ANC), that is one of active control methods to reduce the noise using the interference of sound, is applied to suppress the noise around the operator of agricultural machinery. In this paper, two target systems were developed. While one has the same method of f eedforward control as the evaluation system stated in the previous paper, the other has the method of feedback control. The performance of these target systems to reduce the noise was confirmed by the experiment with two tractors. The amount of noise reduction was about 10dB at the error microphone and about 4-6dB at the operator's ear in sound pressure level, and was about 1-2dB(A) in A-weighted one because of the effective frequency range of ANC that is less than 500Hz.View full abstractDownload PDF (1509K) -
Evaluation of Cytoplasmic StreamingTakaharu KAMEOKA, Kazuo HORIBE1994 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 93-99
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA cytoplasmic activity was estimated by the silicon droplet movement, which had been injected into an inoculated host cell, induced by the cytoplasmic streaming. In this paper, a digital image processing system was constructed for tracing the oil droplet movement within a target cell. Image data of a single barley coleoptile cell, recorded with a time-lapse video tape recorder, were used. A finite difference filter was effective in finding the blurred edge of the droplet. Also blue image data was used for the treatment because a less density variance of the background image was confirmed. It was found that the velocity of a cyto-plasmic streaming was about 0 to 50μm/min before injection, while it was about 0 to 100μm/min after the injection. These results agreed well with those measured by eyes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1243K) -
Development of Soil Covering Device and its Field PerformanceHideyuki TAKENAKA1994 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 101-105
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study is to develop a method for minimizing the bad effect of soil crusts on seedling emergence in the field. The author has developed a method of preventing the formation of soil crusts by covering seeds with materials which will not form soil crusts. In this paper, a soil covering device attatched to a seeder was made and seedling emergence tests were carried out in a clay field. It was proved that soil crusts were scarcely on the surface of seeds, and the field emergence rate of onion covered with pumiceous sand increased remarkably.View full abstractDownload PDF (2938K) -
Kenji IMOU, Hiroshi TAKENAGA, Hiroshi MORISHINIA, Yasuhisa SEO, Yoshin ...1994 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 107-111
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFruits and vegetables receive mechanical damages from impacts and vibrations during the transportation. To measure the degree of impacts and vibrations, an impact counting device was developed. It can be packed with fruits in a corrugated cardboard box and transported. Between the transportation, it counts the number of impacts above a threshold acceleration in each of triaxial directions. The impact counter consists of a sphere for detecting the acceleration and a package of electronic circuit. The sphere is made of acrylate and contains a triaxial piezoelectric accelerometer.View full abstractDownload PDF (2424K)
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