JOURNAL of the JAPANESE SOCIETY of AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY
Online ISSN : 1884-6025
Print ISSN : 0285-2543
ISSN-L : 0285-2543
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Volume 59, Issue 6
Displaying 1-23 of 23 articles from this issue
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  • [title in Japanese]
    S. SHIBUSAWA
    1997Volume 59Issue 6 Pages 1-2
    Published: November 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.59.6_1
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  • Measurement of Tire-Lug Contact Stresses by a Three-Dimensional Stress Transducer
    Hyung-gyu JUN, Tetsuji TANIGUCHI, Tadashi KISHIMOTO, Makoto YOSHIDA, T ...
    1997Volume 59Issue 6 Pages 3-10
    Published: November 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.59.6_3
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    A three-dimensional stress transducer was developed to measure normal, tangential and lateral stresses on the lug face between a tire-lug and soil. Three transducers were mounted on the part of lug-end which is almost the same place of the tire tread center, on the outer edge of lug and a intermediate place of above two places. The stress distributions of three transducers were presented and the relationships between peak stresses and their rotational angles at 20% slippage were discussed.
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  • Travel Resistance of the Agricultural Rubber Crawler (Part 1)
    Rolling Resistance of Track Rollers
    Shigeki INABA, Eiji INOUE, Takaaki MATSUO, Kouichi HASHIGUCHI, Syoichi ...
    1997Volume 59Issue 6 Pages 11-17
    Published: November 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.59.6_11
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    The mechanism of the inner resistance in a rubber crawler was investigated to reduce the required power. The rolling resistance of the track roller, which is one of the major inner resistance, was measured for seven different weights with the five diameters of the track roller. Three types of the rolling resistance were obtained. As the diameter of the track roller increased, the difference between the maximum and minimum rolling resistances de-creased. It was assumed that the deformation of the rubber crawler has a great effect to the inner resistance of the rubber crawler.
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  • Development of Machine for Removing Stumps (Part 3)
    Experimental Results using a Scale Model Stump Cutter
    Katsuyuki TANAKA
    1997Volume 59Issue 6 Pages 19-27
    Published: November 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.59.6_19
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    A scale model stump cutter was made, and a system to measure cutting force, perpendicular force (Z-axial force) applied to the knife and the rotary angle of the knife-supporting arm was developed. It was shown that a clipper cut needs approximately 10% more cutting force than an anvil cut, by experiments using both single- and double-edged knives in the model stump cutter whose wedge angle changed incrementally from 25° to 60°. It was shown that the larger the wedge angle of the single-edged knife, the greater the decrease in the force perpendicular to the knife, as was suggested in the basic experiment previously reported. This was more obvious by using Fagus crenata Blume and Cryptomeria in these experiments.
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  • Throwing of Clods by Blades of Reverse-Rotational Rotary Tiller (Part 2)
    Rigid Body Kinetics Model for Backward Throwing of Tilled Clod
    Takashi KATAOKA, Kazuhiro ONODERA, Sakae SHIBUSAWA, Yoshinobu OTA
    1997Volume 59Issue 6 Pages 29-34
    Published: November 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.59.6_29
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    A limit of the predictability of the particle kinetics model is identified for a large clayey clod backward throwing of tilled clods. The model based on the particle kinetics is, however, unable to predict the clay soil tilling performance. A new model that is based on the rigid body kinetics mechanism is proposed to explain the tilled clods backward throwing. Using this new model, more exact prediction is possible for the tilled clods backward throwing loci on the clay soil formed the long sliced clods. The model has an advantage of including the influences of moment of inertia of clod and its rotation action.
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  • Stabilization of Rice Products by Ethanol-Spraying (Part 1)
    Decrease in Yield Rate of Free Fatty Acids
    Yelian MIAO, Chuanping FENG, Shigeru YOSHIZAKI
    1997Volume 59Issue 6 Pages 35-40
    Published: November 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.59.6_35
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    A new ethanol-spraying process was proposed for stabilizing rice products. The treatment of rice bran by ethanol-spraying was carried out, and its enzymatic activity and yield rate of free fatty acids (FFA) during storage were investigated. Experimental results showed that the yield rate of FFA varied with ethanol concentration and weight ratio of ethanol solution to rice bran. A minimum relative reaction rate of 27.6% was obtained when 80% (v/v) ethanol was sprayed to rice bran sample at a weight ratio of 60g solution/100g-bran and holding time of 5 minutes or longer. Relative reaction rate could be expressed as a linear function of residual enzymatic activity, indicating that the decrease in the yield rate of FFA during storage resulted from inactivation of enzymes in rice bran samples.
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  • Development of a Full Automated Tying Machine for Burley Tobacco Leaves (Part 2)
    Production of a Full Automated Tying Machine
    Nobuyoshi HATTORI, Yoshiaki MAEKAWA, Kazuo OSAMURA, Hiroyuki NAKAJIMA, ...
    1997Volume 59Issue 6 Pages 41-49
    Published: November 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.59.6_41
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    A full automated tying machine for harvested burley tobacco was produced. This machine consists of a leaf feeding part and a tying part. The suction-holding type leaf feeding mechanism reported in Part 1 was adopted to the feeding part. The tying part has a mechanism for intertwining two hemp ropes of baler twines. Its purpose is to tie leaves coming from the feeding part. The time of stable leaf feeding was 1.2 second per leaf. The working hours for tying operation was 2.9min per rope, the reduction of about 40% with 4.8min per rope in conventional tying machine. The rate of successfully tied leaves was 86 to 98% for Burley 21 and 82 to 91% for Michinoku 1.
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  • Granulation of Sewage Sludge (Part 1)
    Granulation by Mixing Quick Lime
    Masayoshi KUDOH
    1997Volume 59Issue 6 Pages 51-56
    Published: November 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.59.6_51
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    Sewage sludge contains the effective materials for plant growth, such as nitrogen, phosphoric acid and organic matter. The objective of this work is to determine a method of granulation of the sewage sludge by mixing an addition. The sewage sludge can be easily handled by granulation. The results of the test with an agitating granulator were as follows: 1) quick lime was suitable for granulation as an addition, 2) the optimum amount of quick lime to be mixed was from 26% to 38%, 3) the optimum blade speed of the granulator was 50rpm, and 4) the optimum operation period of the granulator was 20-30min.
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  • Apple Detection Using Infrared Thermal Image (Part 1)
    Thermal Distribution on Apple Tree and Acquisition of Apple Binary Image
    Shu-huai ZHANG, Teruo TAKAHASHI, Hiroshi FUKUCHI, Hideo TERAO
    1997Volume 59Issue 6 Pages 57-64
    Published: November 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.59.6_57
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    In the case of apple harvesting using agricultural robots, it is indispensable to distinguish apple fruit from the tree. This paper investigated the potential of infrared thermal image for distinguishing apples from tree because it is widely known that there are thermal differences between apples and leaves. The results have verified that the thermal difference between apples and leaves was over 1°C, and the difference between apples and branches was very slight in the case of the weather is clear and calm. By using the information on thermal distribution differences, the acquisition of apple binary image to distinguish apples from its tree is possible and easier than the common methods of utilizing visual image.
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  • Studies on Image Recognition Algorithm for Cucumber Plant (Part 2)
    Recognition of Leaf Position and Individual Plant on Binary Image Including Plural Plants
    Takao NISHI, Naoshi KONDO, Kentaro MOHRI
    1997Volume 59Issue 6 Pages 65-73
    Published: November 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.59.6_65
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    In this study, an image recognition algorithm of plant have been developed to automate management operation for cucumber plant considering plant growth rules. In this paper, recognition of true leaf order and position on binary image of plant whose length was more than 30cm and identification of individual plant on binary image including plural plants were attempted. The true leaf order and position were recognized with probability of about 73% by comparing the binary image with projection model expressed by growth rules with relation among plant length, angle between leaves, petiole length and so on. Applying the projection model to the image with plural plants, it became possible to recognize which plant true leaf belonged to.
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  • Development of Rice Quality Evaluating Technique Based on Physical Properties of Cooked Rice (Part 1)
    Effect of Cooked Rice Properties on Texture of Cooked Rice
    Naoto SHIMIZU, Toshinori KIMURA, Ken'ichi OHTSUBO, Hidechika TOYOSHIMA
    1997Volume 59Issue 6 Pages 75-82
    Published: November 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.59.6_75
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    In order to develop rice quality evaluating technique by physical properties of cooked rice such as moisture content and degree of gelatinization, the present paper deals with the effect of cooked rice properties on the texture of cooked rice. A grain of cooked rice with 63% w. b. moisture level from each indica and japonica type sample was provided for texture measurement, because the texture of cooked rice was affected by the moisture in cooked rice. It was found that the hardness of cooked rice decreased with increasing the degree of gelatinization in cooked rice. It was assumed that the hardness of cooked rice was affected by cell wall in cooked rice. These results led the conclusion that water uptake ratio and degree of gelatinization can be used for the indicator of hardness of cooked rice.
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  • Neural Network Model for Quality Evaluation of Japanese Green Tea
    Case Using Near Infrared Spectroscopic and Colorimetric Input Data
    Tadashi GOTO, Haruhiko MURASE, Yoshio IKEDA
    1997Volume 59Issue 6 Pages 83-92
    Published: November 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.59.6_83
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    A Kalman neural network (Three layered (7-7-1) neural network) model for quality evaluation of Japanese green tea was developed. Near infrared spectroscopic measurements provided absorbancy data at ten different wavelengths that were correlated to specific ingredients of the tea. Three Colorimetric color values of the green tea specimens were also measured. The principal component analysis (PCA) identified seven suitable input parameters for the network using the spectroscopic and colorimetric data. As the tea quality evaluation was based on the 4 item overall score of standard tea sensory, the 4 item overall score was chosen for the neural network output parameter. The trained neural network performed fairly satisfactorily when tested with inspection data since the correlation factor between actual and estimated data was 0.9290.
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  • Computer-based Optimal Control of Seeding Rate Based on Travel Speed and Seed Signals (Part 1)
    Development of Seed Metering Control Device
    Pastor P. GARCIA, Nobutaka ITO, Koji KITO, Xiu Lun WANG
    1997Volume 59Issue 6 Pages 93-101
    Published: November 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.59.6_93
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    This study aims to develop a computer-based seeding rate control using sensors for detecting the seeds dropped from the hopper and traveling speed and a personal computer to control the seed metering mechanism using pulse width modulation technique. As a first step, the rotational speed of the metering mechanism driven by a 12V DC motor was established and ranges from 7 to 87rpm using six different pulse frequencies and nine duty ratios ranging from 20 to 100 percent. The seed metering calibration curve of the seed metering mechanism under those speed ranges was also established. Finally equations to calculate the “On” and “Off” periods to be used for the control program were developed.
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  • Parameter Identification of Closed-Loop Control for a Walking Type Tractor-Implement System
    Mohsen E. EGELA, Jun-ichi TAKEDA, Ryo TORISU
    1997Volume 59Issue 6 Pages 103-112
    Published: November 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.59.6_103
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    In this study the walking type tractor-implement system is simplified to a three inertia system. The effect of equivalent inertia on the behavior of the tractor-implement system is clarified. The modeling of prototype closed-loop control of the tractor-implement system is derived and the identification of two kinds of parameters: closed-loop control parameters and physical system parameters are taken into account. This paper presents the theory and experiments used to perform this identification. It was found that the equivalent inertia was almost dominated by the engine inertia. The results obtained from the experiment and theory are in good agreement thus validating the effectiveness of the identification method.
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  • Effects of Intensity and Direction of Magnetic Field on Growth of Spinach Plantlets in vitro
    Fresh Weight, Dry Weight, Iron and Chlorophyll Contents
    Akira YANO, Hiroshi MOROOKA, Mitsuo IIMOTO, Kazuhiro FUJIWARA
    1997Volume 59Issue 6 Pages 113-115
    Published: November 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.59.6_113
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  • Mechanization of Direct Seeded Rice Production in South Korea (Part 1)
    Outline of Direct Seeded Rice Culture
    Takashi GOTOH, Yoh NISHIMURA
    1997Volume 59Issue 6 Pages 117-120
    Published: November 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.59.6_117
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  • The Forefront of Mechanization of Sugarbeet Cultivation
    Masaki SHIRAHATA
    1997Volume 59Issue 6 Pages 121-125
    Published: November 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.59.6_121
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  • Color Specification and Measurement
    Measurement of Color and its Application
    Tsuneo KAWAMURA
    1997Volume 59Issue 6 Pages 127-130
    Published: November 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.59.6_127
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  • Colorimetric Sensor and its Applications
    Measurement of Color and its Application
    Munenori NISHIOKA
    1997Volume 59Issue 6 Pages 130-134
    Published: November 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.59.6_130
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  • Measurement of the Color of Leaves by Color Image Processing
    Measurement of Color and its Application
    Masaharu OKADO
    1997Volume 59Issue 6 Pages 134-139
    Published: November 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.59.6_134
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  • Measurement of Whiteness on Rice Grain
    Measurement of Color and its Application
    Toshimichi WATANABE
    1997Volume 59Issue 6 Pages 139-141
    Published: November 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.59.6_139
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  • Position Control Technology
    High-performance Remote Control Systems for Farm Vehicles
    Y. MATSUO
    1997Volume 59Issue 6 Pages 143-144
    Published: November 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.59.6_143
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Automated Control System of Soil Moisture and Water Level in Raising of Vegetable Seedlings
    K. MURATA
    1997Volume 59Issue 6 Pages 145-146
    Published: November 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11357/jsam1937.59.6_145
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