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Volume 40 (1978 - 197･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 501-
- Issue 3 Pages 307-
- Issue 2 Pages 145-
- Issue 1 Pages 3-
- Issue Supplement Page･･･
Volume 40, Issue 2
Displaying 1-24 of 24 articles from this issue
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Steering Control Operation and Aiming Point of CourseNobuo HONAMI1978 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 145-151
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTracking the course with tractor, the steering control operation was affected by the conditions of aiming the course, and these conditions depend on the distance (forecast length 1 ) from the front axle to the mark point on the course.
In this experiment, the effects of the aiming point for the steering control operation were investigated for the condition that 1 is limited compulsorily. The main results were as follow:
The differential action of the steering control operation (model 1) was gradually replaced by the proportional action (model 2) under the condition of limited forecast length. The gain constant of steering operation (K1) was large about three times for the model 2, as compared with the model 1. Therefore, the operator has encountered some times the difficulties of steering operation for the model 2.
On the model 2, the minimum values of forecast time T0 and T2 (primary and secondary) were necessary to equalize the dead time (τ) of the system, and also, in the case of T0=2τ, it seemed to be T2=T0.
As the forecast length l1 was limited for the model 1, the first time lag T1 relating to steering control operation did not have significance for T2, because the differential action was disturbed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1015K) -
Movement of the Center of Gravity of the Operator on Tractor SeatYoshinobu OHTA, Tatsuya BANNO1978 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 153-160
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper reports on the watching action analysis of three postures of tractor operator.
On the supposition of plowing, the loci of the center of gravity of the operator and of the top of his head were recorded at 0.1 sec, intervals while the operator was looking towards the front or rear mark with the indicated operating postures as given in Table 3 and the pattern of the loci was analyzed.
The results obtained were as follows:
1. When the upper half of the operator's body moved to the front mark, the loci of the center of gravity of the operator turned first towards the opposite direction, because the operator's weight was transfered initially to the opposite direction and then the proper motion was started using the reaction force.
2. When the upper half of the operator's body moved linearly, as in looking towards the front mark, the loci of the center of gravity of the operator showed the similar pattern to that of the loci of the top of his head; however_ the former was about one tenth of the latter in the moved distance.
When the operator's head and the upper half of his body moved with a combination of the linear and rotating motions such as in looking back at the rear mark, the loci of the center of gravity of the operator showed no peculiar patterns.
3. In the case of looking back at the rear mark while in operating posture I, skilled operators tended to incline the upper half of their bodies to the forward, because this posture was more comfortable for the driver than to bend his body to the backward.
Action 3 and Action. 4 with operating posture
II or III were restricted by the right hand operation of the hydraulic control lever.
4. In the experiment with the seat backrest, the loci showed a similar pattern to the one without the seat backrest; however, the ratio of the operator's body weight on the tractor seat to the weight of the operator decreased more than 10 percent in comparison to the time when the seat backrest was not used.
The starting points of the center of gravity of the operator on the seat in operating posture III were located at the lower part in left side of Fig. 10 and the finishing points of each action showed a separate pattern.View full abstractDownload PDF (2820K) -
Trial Production of Seed-metering Device and Seed-distributorYoshiaki NAKAMURA1978 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 161-167
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA seed-metering device and seed-distributor were designed and constructed. These were for the direct underground sowing machines in the paddy field, and in this system the transportation of coated seeds was done by air flow in seed conductor tubes. The results were summerized as follows:
1. For seed-metering devices, an internal force feed mechanism were adopted. The control of the quantity of seed metering was done by a feed plate and was made sure of the stable supply of seeds.
2. The A-type seed-metering device was the original type and B-type was an improved one for deeply submerged paddy field.
3. Even the space between the receiving rool and the case was very narrow, by use of new type receiving cell, the damage of coated seed by metering became negligible.
4. For seed distribution, two types of seed-distributors were developed.
5. The first type was a uniform rotating pipes seed-distributor and the uniformity was obtained to mix up two pipes of seeds in each case automatically.
6. The second type was a static type and was equipped with separating plates for seed distribution.View full abstractDownload PDF (1078K) -
Takashi TAKENAGA, Masao HASHIMOTO, Konosuke TSUGA, Michio KAJIYAMA, Yo ...1978 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 169-177
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe deposits to the leaves and stems of rice plant in the effective swath used by the knapsack ultra low volume (ULV) sprayer and the drift which is the harmful deposits on the farther distance from the end of spraying area were measured by using the Radio Active Analysis (tracer was Europium) as shown in Fig. 1 and 2. The studies on the development dealing with the travelling type ULV or low volume (LV) sprayer were performed as shown in Fig. 3 to Fig. 5. The automatic-steering-vehicle mounted with LV sprayer which can travel and steer automatically even in the field with steep slope and the cold fogger used for the green house were developed as shown in Fig. 6 and 7. They released the operators from the unpleasant works in the mist of pesticides. Some of the discharge rate of liquid, the deposit on the target and the diameter distribution of droplet were measured by using of pesticides as shown in Fig. 8, 9 and Table 1. The measuring method of the deposit using the sensitive paper was employed to compare the samples with developed IL Type Standard, and this was sufficient to evaluate the atomization and the evenness for pesticidal efficacy in the room (application rates are 50-100l/ha). The rates of deposit (n) in the Standard show the coverages (CR) as a formula
CR=0.05×2.5(n-1)%
The expression by arithmetic or volumetric medium diameter of droplet size generated from the fogger was rather indistinct, when the number of fine droplets were more than that of large droplets as shown in Table 2. The coverage medium diameter (CMD) can be shown in the formula
CMD=∑50%d2×n micron
d: diameter of droplet, micron
n: number of droplets in size d
This has the moderate expression of the droplet size and relative exposition of the pest control efficacy to the fog generators.View full abstractDownload PDF (1478K) -
Experimental lifting type diggerMasami IWASAKI, Akira ISHIHARA1978 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 179-185
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAt present, the harvesting method used for Baker's garlic bulbs is to cut off the root zone, together with loosening the sand with a digging blade attached to a power tiller. The plants are then pulled up by hand and surplus leaves and roots are cut off with a sickle. The lifting-type-diggers were designed and constructed, because of the advantage in positioning the bulbs for better cutting off of the leaves and root zone.
The results of the test run of the trial diggers and some fundamental experiments in Baker's garlic and garlic fields are summarized as follows.
Baker's garlic
1. The condition of the moisture content in the sand was found to be one of the most important factors affecting harvesting under the growing of leaves of the plants, as shown in Fig. 9 (a), (b).
2. It was investigated that the position of the digging blade in relation to the grasping- point of the lifting belts influenced the operation of experimental diggers.
3. Using lifting method (A) (Fig. 5), when the field moisture content ω (%) increased from 3.7 to 6.2, Ws/W which is the rate of the sand weight Ws(g) attached to the root zone to the plant weight Ws (g) increased from 1.9 to 3.0. When moisture content is fixed ω=6.2%, it was about twice Ws/W of lifting method (B) and (C) compared with that of lifting method (A).
Garlic
It is recognized that the lifting type diggers have future potential to the harvesting of garlic, because the plant has a straight and strong stalk.View full abstractDownload PDF (5340K) -
Mitsugu TOMITA, Hiroyuki HONJO, Ken KAWASAKI, Yutaka KANETANI1978 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 187-194
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have been proposing an onion harvesting system using stationary onion topper. In order to accomplish this harvesting system some developments of onion harvester, which are able to handle the onions un-topped are necessary. This report summerized the developing investigations on the onion harvesters and the results of some field tests.
1. Onion digger (Fig. 1)
This self-propelled type machine digged out the onions at working width of 1.25m and made a windrow of onions.
Power to drive this digger was provided by gasoline engine of 5.5PS.
The dimensions of this machine was 2.95m by length, 1.9m by width and 1.45m by height, and it was 620kg in weight.
In field tests, the percent damages of onion bulbs were null and stripped bulbs were 0.2-1.3% at working speed of 0.18-0.45m/s. Onions used in the study planted by direct cultivation.
This machine harvested the onions (at the rate of 16a per hour cat a condition of working speed of 0.45m/s and field efficiency of 83%).
2. Onion picker
This pull-type machine gathered the onions, made in windrow left for field curing, and put them into big container of which capacity was about 900kg.
Gathering and loading operation were done by independent gasoline engine of 4.5PS.
The dimensions of this picker was 4.37m by length, 1.87m by width and 2.35m in height, and it is 1100kg in weight.
Field tests using topped onion showed following results: the damaged onion bulbs of 0.8-1.1% and stripped bulbs of 0.4-1.4% at working speed of 0.23-0.44m/s (quantity of harvest was 9.2-18.5ton/hr.).
In the case of un-topped onions, the percent damages of onion bulbs were 0.8-1.0% and stripped bulbs were null at working speed of 0.16-0.23m/s (quantity of harvest was 8.4-12.9ton/hr.).
This machine harvested topped onions at the rate of 14a/hr, and un-topped onions at the rate of 13.7a/hr.View full abstractDownload PDF (1333K) -
Pulling Force of Root VegetablesTadashi FURUYA1978 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 195-200
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo kinds of simulators (Fig. 1, 2) and two kinds of fields (open-field, artificial-field) were provided for clarifying the effects of soil conditions on the pulling force of root vegetables. Two methods of simulator setting in soil, driving method and burying method, were prepared for soil conditioning.
Effects of the surface area (S) in soil on the pulling force (F) were investigated with the burying method by using simulator type 1 in open-fields. The results of measurements, the relationship between the surface area in soil and the pulling force were expressed by two linear formulas (Fig. 3).
F=0.022S-0.056
F=0.023S-0.116
Relationship between the soil moisture (wet and dry condition) and the pulling force were investigated with the driving method by using simulator type 2 in the small artificial-fields. The results of measurements indicated more pulling force required in the wet soil conditions than those in the dry soil condition (Fig. 4).
The form of simulators did not disturb the linearity between the surface area in soil and the pulling force (Fig. 5, 6, 7).View full abstractDownload PDF (915K) -
Kazuhiko KURATA1978 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 201-206
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOn the basis of the previous report in which the static force of a hydraulic locomotive was analized, this paper presents the results of the driving experiment for the hydraulic locomotive. The characteristics of the apparatus as well as the experimental results can be summarized as follows;
1. As a motion equation for the carrier, the following was obtained.
vc=vMax/KvMax-vMax(1-ekt)+Kekt
where, V indicates the carrier velocity at the time t, and Vmax the maximam speed of the carrier which is obtained from the air velocity in the elastic pipe. The constant K can be expressed as a function of the carrier weight W, rolling resistance R, and horizontal force Fx as follows:
K=2√WRFx/Wva
2. As shown in Fig. 4 and 5, the experimental values of the carrier were almost coincident with the theoretical values.
The difference can be considered as measurement error.
3. The location of the driving wheel did not affect the driving character of the carrier (See Fig. 6).
4. Openning and closing of the exhaust valve affected the driving characteristics of the carrier, and in the case of wide clearance between the both driving wheels, great influence was observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (767K) -
Vegetables Growing by Means of Night Cooling in SummerSadato ISHIBASHI, Shunichiro TANAKA, Kiminori MORI1978 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 207-214
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this paper is to make sure if the cooling of greenhouse at night only in summer makes it possible to produce vegetables. The authors constructed an experimental apparatus constituting of a vapor compression refrigerator, an unit cooler, a vinyl greenhouse and air circulating ducts (Fig. 2). Spinach, lettuce, welsh onion and peas were grown experimentally.
A summary of the results were shown below.
1) It was considered that the estimated values of heat transfer coefficients and thermal conductivities used for design of the apparatus were appropriate, because the air in greenhouse was cooled to the desired temperature 15°C (Fig. 3).
2) In the open division, experimental vegetables almost died back during growing, furthermore, a few vegetables grew, but the products were not marketable, while in the cooling divisions, all of the vegetables were grown up satisfactorily by means of night cooling only and were harvested (Table 1-7).
3) In the cooling divisions, the optimal harvesting times of spinach, lettuce, welsh onion and peas were about 30, 70, 75 and 60days respectively after sowing.
4) From the above results, the authors conclude that vegetables production in summer was possible by means of cooling of greenhouse at night only.View full abstractDownload PDF (1201K) -
Akira HOSOKAWA, Tsugio MATSUHISA1978 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 217-224
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPresent methods to evaluate rice quality in Japan rely upon a visual rating of the appearance of hulled nonglutinous rice grain. A new objective and uniform test for quality evaluation of rice is needed.
A video image data processing apparatus which variegates the lights and shades of images with twelve colors was employed to the quality evaluation of rice.
Results obtained were as follows:
1) The image made by ray passed through normal rice grain was indicated on the TV monitor with light and dark blue, whereas the images of milky-white grain, green grain, basal-white grain, white-belly grain, germinated grain, rusty grain, opaque grain and brown-discolored grain (insect-injured grain) were indicated with light green, orange, yellow, brown, olive, red, violet and magenta according to the degree of injury.
2) The color pattern varied with samples of the official standard grade of rice.
3) The digital readout of the ratio of the identical color area to the total projected area of rice samples had potential for the determination of the percentage of inferior grains in rice samples.
4) It was also shown that normal grain was well contrasted with inferior grains when the rice grains were put between two polarizing plates and were seen through.View full abstractDownload PDF (8397K) -
Plant community model composed of two speciesKoji TAMAKI1978 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 225-231
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFollowing the report (I) and (II), this paper presents more general discussion of plant community control equation in which community composed of two plant species without considering plant age and control.
The interaction among many plants growing together in unit agea of field are considered as the changes of growth rate, and the growth rate of individual plants reflects integrated ecological rank in that community.
When a community consists of two plant species, plant 1 and 2, and two parameters which express mutual interaction between plant 1 and 2 are given a12 and a21 respectively, it is able to assume the growth rate function expressed by equation (2). All of the interactions will be described by substituting various values to the parameter a12 and a21.
This paper mentions about two plant communities. It will be easy to develop more general case in which community is consisted of many species.
Two models are examined with regard to yield diagram, distribution changes of community by the use of simulation method; firstly, fundamental two plant model V, without taking account of death, and secondly, two plant model VI, giving the death function which has been mentioned in the previous report (II). As the result, it seems possible that these models explain the dynamic characteristics of plant community by giving appropriate values to the parameters which influence individual growth rate of the two plants, characteristics and death function.View full abstractDownload PDF (1083K) -
[in Japanese]1978 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 235-240
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1978 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 241-244
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1978 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 245-247
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1978 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 248-251
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1978 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 252-256
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1978 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 257-261
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1978 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 262-267
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1978 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 268-272
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1978 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 273-277
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1978 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 278-282
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1978 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 283-285
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1978 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 286-288
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1978 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 289-292
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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