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Volume 39 (1977 - 197･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 433-
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Volume 39, Issue 1
Displaying 1-23 of 23 articles from this issue
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Seiichi NAKA1977 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 4
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Torque loss of a powered wheel axle due to sinkage and its estimation methodNobutaka Ito1977 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 5-10
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this report, the torque of a powered wheel axle due to sinkage was theoretically discussed and validated experimentally by use of power tiller wheel (4.0-10 size).
Based on the assumption that sinkage of wheel is proportional to the torque loss of a powered wheel axle, the following conclusions were derived:
1) Torque loss of powered wheel axle per unit sinkage (1mm) was 0.686 percent (almost 0.7%).
2) Torque loss of powered wheel axle per unit slip sinkage (1%) was 0.3013 percent (almost 0.3%)
3) Torque loss per unit slip sinkage was less than a half of the one per unit static sinkage.
Soil condditiors in this experiment were:
internal friction angle of soil:φ=44° (degree)
cohesion of soil: c≈0 (kg/cm2)
hardness of soil at surface: 0.2-0.6kg/cm2View full abstractDownload PDF (760K) -
Jun SAKAI, Yasuo SHIBATA1977 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 11-20
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe scoop-surface of the sidelong blade (Fig. 1), which is equivalent to the share and moldboard of the plow, is one of the most important portions of the rotary blade. However, scoop-surface designing has a tendency to be done by only experience. In this paper the authors propose systematic design theories of the scoop-surface of the rotary blade tip, with the analysis of soil clod motion and blade cutting characteristics. Main results are listed as follows.
1. Avoiding the friction between the back surface of the scoop-surface and untilled, soil, the lower part of the scoop-surface has to have a small cutting angle to minimize the cutting resistance. The upper part of it has to have efficient throwing performance for soil clods that are already cut and possibly sheared by the lower part of it.
2. The necessary distance of the clod throw should be reasonable under the condition that the clods have no repetition of being beaten by the blades.
3. The scoop-surface is determined by the following equations in polar coordinate:
r=√(R-H)2+{√RA2-(R-H)2-(v+v0)t/-1/2αt2}2
θ=6nt+tan-1√RA2-(R-H)2-(v+v0)t-1/2αt2/R-H-tan-1√RA2-(R-H)2/R-H
where, R=radius of rotor, cm
RA=radius of the cutting edge point A (refer to Fig. 10), cm
H=depth of tillage, cm
v=forward velocity, cm/sec
v0-initial horizontal velocity of clods, cm/sec
α=horizontal acceleration of clods, cm/sec2
n=angular velocity of rotor, rpm
t=time, sec
4. The back-surface of the scoop-surface is determined by the equations (35) and (36). The scoop-surface is designed by adding the reasonably shaped edge of uniform thickness to the back-surface.
5. As it is generally the case that the vertical section of the scoop-surface can be simply circular, the radius of it is determined by the following equation:
Rs′=√(R-r1cos θ1)2+(r1sin θ1)2/2cos(ζ+tan-1r1sin θ1/R-r1cos θ1) (39)
where, r1, θ1=polar coodinate of a point on the back-surface
ζ=90°-β1(see Fig. 16)
β1=the angle between the back-surface and the radial direction at the edge point A0 (see Fig. 1)View full abstractDownload PDF (1382K) -
Tsuguhiko FURUKAWA, Manabu TAKEUCHI, Shigeaki ITO1977 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 21-30
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authers studied an estimating method of hill-climbing ability of a power-driven trailer with the peripheral speed difference between the tractor and trailer wheels on the concrete road. The results were as follows:
(1) By means of obtaining the λ-S diagram, both slippages of the tractor and trailer wheels are given at the intersection of two curved lines given by Eqns (12), (14) or (15) and (22), when there is a peripheral speed difference between the tractor and trailer wheels. (Fig. 3)
The results calculated gave good agreement with the experimental results. (Fig. 4, 5)
(2) The more the laden weight of the trailer or the lighter the weight of tractor, the smallerbecome the wheel loads of the tractor due to the driving reaction force of the trailer. Consequently tractor loses the steering control ability. Conditions preventing this phenomenon are given by Eqns (26) and (27), and the weight ratio (tractor/trailer) satisfying this conditions is more than about 1.7 in case of the concrete road at the laden weights 880kg of the trailer. (Fig. 9)
(3) The maximum climbing abilities on the concrete road are 29° for the four-wheel drive tractor with the driven trailer, 28° for the front-wheel drive tractor with the driven trailer, 20° for the rear-wheel drive tractor with the driven trailer, and 9° for the rear-wheel drive tractor with the undriven trailer. (Fig. 8)View full abstractDownload PDF (1553K) -
Takaaki MAEKAWA, Shigeru YOSHIZAKI, Shingo YAMAZAWA, Naoto USUI1977 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 31-33
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFactor analysis of the disintegration of tough wall of chlorella cells was done with the methods using freezing, thawing and grinding treatments. Experimental results showed that the main effects of thawing and grinding were significant at 5% level, and likewise, the significance of the interaction of freezing and thawing treatments was considered at 5% level. By using quick freezing and thawing treatments in 30°C water 77.5±12.8% disintegration ratio of the chlorella cells was expected. The main effect of grinding time was not significant, but the main effect of the number of grinding revolutions was considered significant.
Analysis of randomized block design was done on the experiments using freezing and thawing treatments. The following experimental results were obtained; 1) The interaction of freezing and thawing treatments was significant. 2) By using quick freezing and thawing in 15°C water, 72.0±6.2% chlorella cells could be disintegrated.View full abstractDownload PDF (501K) -
A fabricated conduction calorimeter and its performanceAkira HOSOKAWA, Naoki SAKAI1977 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 35-42
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo know enthalpy changes of foods in low temperatures, a conduction calorimeter was fabricated by the authors.
The results obtained with sucrose solutions and other products were as follows.
1) From the measurements of freezing point (θfp) and melting point (θmp), both θfp and θmp were depressed as water contents decreased, but θfp did not agree with θmp. θfp shifted to lower temperatures as freezing rate increased. θmp was a little nearer to the calculated values than θfp.
2) From the measurements of specific heat, the experimental error of our calorimetry was within ±5%.
3) From the measurements of enthalpy changes, the effect of water contents on enthalpy (H) was predominant. H (293) and H (mp) decreased as water contents decreased. Ice crystal melted at lower temperatures as water contents decreased. Enthalpy increased in direct proportion to temperature increase in liquid zone, and the gradient decreased as water contents decreased.View full abstractDownload PDF (1190K) -
Yasuhisa SEO, Akira HOSOKAWA1977 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 43-46
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMangoes have been imported from a few mangogrowing countries. They are still very small in quantity and are airifted to Japan. Thus there have been a plan to supply inexpensive mangoes by importing on a large scale by vessels. In this case, artificial ripening with C2H4 or storage for some period after mangoes reached Japan must be considered for uniform ripening, long shelf life and marketing adjustment. The objective of this study was to obtain data on large scale ripening with C2H4 and storage of mangoes. Summarized results in this study were as follows.
1. The effect of C2H4 on artificial ripening was not pronounced since mangoes have been already ripe before the experiments. Application of C2H4 to artificial ripening of mangoes on a large scale will probably be essential to the stimulation of ripening and also uniform ripening. Thus this problem was left for further study.
2. The respiration rate of mangoes was lowered at the temperature of 10-13°C. This could indicate the possibility of storage of even mature mangoes for some period necessary for marketing adjustment.
3. Weight losses of mangoes in the experimental chamber were much less than those of mangoes in the room. Loss in weight more than 6% caused shrivelling appearance on mango fruits and reduced marketable quality.
4. Appearance of anthracnose on mangoes at the temperature of 11-13°C was delayed as compared with the mangoes at the room temperature of 26-28°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (684K) -
Beating Treatment of Rice Straw and the Effect of Beating on the Straw WaterahilityMasaki MATSUO, Katsumi ISHIKAWA, Shotaro MORISHIMA1977 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 47-52
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAfter rice straws were chopped 2 to 3cm length, these were beaten by a beater which is used in paper making process. The waferability and durability (these are called generally as wafer strengths) on beaten straw were experimented under various conditions.
The following results were obtained.
1. Unbeaten chopped straw wafers were influenced considerably by frictional strength, while that of beaten straws were affected by adhesive strength. The result of the experiment on the effect of the variation in fiber length on wafer strengthss was that wafer strengths were increased by correctly mixing long and short fibers.
2. The chopped unbeaten fiber length distribution approximately indicated normal-distribution, but by beating treatment it became similar to Poisson distribution (the main reason was considered that more fibers were cut in the transverse direction with the increase of beating).
3. From the beating mechanism and the effect of beating on wafer strengths, it was necessary that mechanical-management should be done on the chopped straw containing moderate m. c. to make fibers loose.
4. From the result of analysis of variation, the levels of factors showing good effects upon the wafer strengths were 25% m. c. Bn=1-3, 70°C, die temp., but the conditions of 35% m. c., and 25°C were undesirable for wafer forming.
5. The Tn value of water due to die length was as follow; Tn at 230mm>Tn at 180, The If value due to die temp. was; 25°C>If at 70°C>If at 40°C. The IA and If values indicated 80-100 at the mixing rate of molasses 2-10% with 15% m. c. The ρ value due to m. c. was ρ at 15%>ρ at 35%, and this value was about 0.45gr/cm3 when m. c. was at about 15%, which are desirable from the view point of animal taste.
6. Strong correlation between the densities, especially dry density (=ρd) and durabilities (including tensile strength) was recognized. Specific gravity of straw fiber itself was about 0.97-0.98, but waferability was poor at ρ more than 0.7. In general, Tn reduced with the decrease of fiber length.View full abstractDownload PDF (964K) -
Automatic Wafer Density Control by Electric ServomechanismJin Kul LEE, Noboru KAWAMURA1977 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 53-58
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to control the wafer density of rolling-compressing wafering machine, a feedback control system detecting the wafer density in the compression chamber and changing the torsional angle of the rollers was constructed. The detection of the wafer density was done by detecting the spring deflection which supports the rollers, and the change of the torsional angle of the rollers was done by electric servomechanism.
The experiments were done by changing the feeding speed and the feeding width in the case of continuous or discontinuous feeding, and the response characteristics of the control system was clarified. The uniformity in density of the compressed wafer which was cut continuously into nearly six cm length by a constructed cutting device was evaluated by obtaining both of the mean value and the standard deviation of wafer density.
Control system was operated good enough, and wafer density was kept at a constant rate, however the fluctuation of the wafer density was a little large when the feeding speed was high and the feeding width was small.View full abstractDownload PDF (2838K) -
The trial bottom unloader No. 1 and its working testsToraji TAWARA, Fusakazu AI, Kengo WATANABE, Toko SEI1977 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 59-64
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA bottom unloader which had simple beam structure and moved in rectilineal reciprocating motion was designed and built for trial.
As the results of trial runs, followings were obtained.
1. The unloading quantities of silage were influenced by the location of the cutter-bar (0-40kg/min), and the average was 28.63kg/min.
2. The unloading rate must have minimum variations, because the performance of the bottom unloader turned worse if the unloading rate changes remarkably.
3. The pertinent method of carrying the unloaded silage should be investigated.
4. The motor for driving the cutter-bar must be improved because its capacity was not enough.View full abstractDownload PDF (2020K) -
Statistical Analysis for the Determination of Filament Picking LengthSigeru KAWANA, Akira HOSOKAWA, Hiroshi MORISHIMA1977 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 65-70
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper the authors proposed a new cocoon filament picking method in which the picking length was fixed at a certain value and was determined theoretically. Results of statistical analysis indicated that the optimal picking length lied between 2 to 3 meters, It was provided, however, that the filaments should be picked from each cocoon at exactly equal length, thereby substantial loss in raw silk could be prevented.View full abstractDownload PDF (881K) -
[in Japanese]1977 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 72-74
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1977 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 75-79
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1977 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 80-82
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1977 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 83-87
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1977 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 88-92
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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1977 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 92
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1977 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 93-95
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Shichiro IMAIZUMI, Sumio ARAI, Nobuhiro ITOKAWA, Tetsuo SHIOYA1977 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 96-100
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1977 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 101-104
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Merle L. Esmay, [in Japanese]1977 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 105-110
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1977 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 111-115
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Takashi TSURUSAKI1977 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 116-120
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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