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Volume 61, Issue 5
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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M. KARAHASHI1999 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 1-2
Published: September 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Tetsuya KOIDE1999 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 4-12
Published: September 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Y. YONEYAMA1999 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 13-14
Published: September 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Measurement Method for Fruit DirectionOsamu KINOSHITA, Masateru NAGATA1999 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 41-48
Published: September 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMethods of measuring the orientation of fruit were studied in order to distinguish strawberry shape automatically using image processing. Three methods using the feature that can be calculated by the general image processing software were compared and examined in order to select the most effective one. The “method of center of gravity” was found to be superior to the other two methods. The measurement difference in the orietntation of fruit was approximately 10 degrees between this method and human judgement. It is considered that the method can appropriately measure the shape of fruit, regardless of the orientation of the fruit.View full abstractDownload PDF (1070K) -
Uzuki MATSUSHIMA, Sei-ichi OSHITA, Yasuhisa SEO, Yoshinori KAWAGOE, Ke ...1999 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 49-55
Published: September 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA measuring system was constructed to measure respiration rate, transpiration rate and wateruptake rate of intact cut flowers in order to explain respiratory metabolism and water balanceduring senescence. The system assured both constant temperature and constant relative humidity. Respiratory metabolism and water balance of two cultivars of cut carnation flowers, each of which shows different senescence process, were measured with the system. From the results, a full understanding was gained for the change in physiological state if each cultivar after consideration ofmutual relationship between respiratory metabolism and water balance. Especially for the cultivar exhibiting climacteric behavior, physiological change in cells relating to wilting was sufficiently estimated from the macroscopic investigation in this study.View full abstractDownload PDF (1203K) -
Image Processing Method Excluding the Effect of Light ReflectionBingQi CHEN, Seishu TOJO, Kengo WATANABE, Fusakazu AI, B. K. Huang1999 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 57-63
Published: September 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper describes the image processing that detect rice plants from the image of paddy field for Rice Transplant Robot. The reflection of sunlight should be avoided to detect rice plants in the paddy field. Image of the paddy field can be divided into the small area of same intensity reflection of light. Pixels of rice seedling in the image were detected in each area. To detect pixels of the rice seedling, three methods, differential calculus processing at the area of eight-neighborhood of each pixel, the line brightness analysis and the line color analysis at the area of each line were discussed. The result was that pixels of the rice seedling were detected clearly in any condition of the weather excluding noises of the reflection of light with all three methods.View full abstractDownload PDF (3182K) -
Min-zan LI, Akira SASAO, Sakae SHIBUSAWA, Kenshi SAKAI1999 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 65-73
Published: September 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper discusses how many data should be collected for representing the feature over one grid space. Two test areas: 4.2 meter square with 0.6m sub-grid spacing in a maize growing field, and 10 meter square with 1m sub-grid spacing in a paddy field after harvesting. NO3-N as soil parameter was collected in respective sub-grid spacings. Data obtained provided non-normal distribution for the maize field and normal distribution for the paddy field. With the data sets, sampling size and estimation error was evaluated in terms of average. Results showed that in the maize field sample averages could be estimated using normal distribution techniques, and that estimation errors were greater in the maize field than in the paddy field. Estimation errors increased with depth for the maize field, but for the paddy field the effect of depth was not significant. In the maize field, keeping the estimation error below 20% required at least 10 points of sampling size.View full abstractDownload PDF (1239K) -
Application of Chemometrics to Absorbances in Near Infrared RegionTadashi GOTO, Haruhiko MURASE, Yoshio IKEDA1999 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 75-84
Published: September 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe technique of chemometrics which combined the artificial neural networks (ANN) with Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Partial Least Squares (PLS) was applied to the near infrared spectroscopic absorbances obtained from dried ground tea leaves. This hyphenated artificial neural networks regression model (GA-PLS-ANN) was constructed in order to predict the total content f 7 kinds of amino acids, and individual glutamine, arginine, and theanine, simultaneously.
Using the 4 latent variables as the input signal, the 4-4-4 hierarchy type ANN regression model as applied in the training set, and was evaluated in a prediction set. Correlation coefficients (r) between the calculated value, and the actual amount of amino acid in a prediction set were as follows, Glutamine: 0.952, Arginine: 0.874, Theanine: 0.965, Total amount of amino acids: 0.991
The estimation of the ANN regression model obtained was very precise. The GA-PLS-ANN regression model, when compared with the conventional multiple linear regression (MLR) model, greatly reduced the number of essential variables, and was more adaptable for the prediction of other unknown samples. In addition, the GA-PLS-ANN regression model was also suited for a nonlinear relation between variables and amino acids.View full abstractDownload PDF (1640K) -
Operational speed of the designed robotNoriyuki MURAKAMI, Kanji OTSUKA, Keiichi INOUE, Mitsuho SUGIMOTO1999 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 85-92
Published: September 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA robotic cabbage harvester was developed for mechanization of selective harvesting operation. The robot is mounted on the crawler type carrier which is composed of a light-weight 4 DOF polar coordinate hydraulic drive manipulator, a hand, a CCD camera, and a transputer based parallel computer for image processing and manipulator control. It can judges mature cabbages by the diameter of the heads, and picks up the cabbages selectively. The robot was analyzed to estimate operational efficiency for harvesting. As a result of the motion simulation and experiment, The maximum operational speed of the robot was 22s by picking up one cabbage on the average.View full abstractDownload PDF (2929K) -
Field test by developed handNoriyuki MURAKAMI, Kanji OTSUKA, Keiichi INOUE, Mitsuho SUGIMOTO1999 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 93-100
Published: September 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA robotic cabbage harvester was developed to mechanize selective harvesting operation. A gripper for picking cabbages which is mounted on the 4 DOF polar coordinate hydraulic drive manipulator has four fingers, two fingers for holding the cabbages, and the others for cutting the stem with blade which is attached to the finger tips. The operation is done by double actions by those fingers, that is, holding cabbage head and cutting stem.
As a result of field experiments, it was obtained that the success rate for picking mature cabbages was 40 to 71% and that 60 to 71% of their stems and leaves were successfully cut. The robot took 32.1s for picking up one cabbage respectively in the continuous operation. In addition, it took 6.5s for initializing and image processing on the average.View full abstractDownload PDF (5850K) -
Architecture of Robot and Physical Properties of LettuceSuk Hyun CHUNG, Tateshi FUJIURA, Makoto DOHI, Yutaka KITAMURA, Kaori T ...1999 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 101-107
Published: September 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA selective harvesting robot of crisp head lettuce was made for experiment and the physical properties of lettuce concerned with harvesting were measured. The robot consisted of a vehicle whichtraveledacrosstheridge, arectangularmanipulator, a3-Dvisionsensorfortherecognitionofthelettuce, a harvesting hand, a conveying system and a 32 bit personal-computer. The force required to cut the stem, the holding force of the root against the external side force and the reaction force from the ground at the landing of the hand were measured. Results of the experiment showed that the harvesting method of this robot was suitable and that the ground height could be detected by the reaction force from the ground.View full abstractDownload PDF (1056K) -
Naoshi KONDO, Yosuke YAGI, Mitsuji MONTA1999 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 109-116
Published: September 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, a chrysanthemum cutting providing system which individually separates cuttings and sends them to a cutting sticking robot is described to totally automate the cutting sticking operation. The system mainly consisted of a 5 DOF manipulator, a water tank, and a monochrome TV camera. A bundle of cuttings was put into the water tank and was separated on waving water surface caused by a solenoid actuator and springs. Based on size, shape, and orientation of individual cutting recognized by the TV camera, the manipulator picked cuttings up one by one according to the order of degree of isolation. From the experimental results, it was observed that the cuttings were transported with about 90% success rate.View full abstractDownload PDF (1188K) -
the Development and the Test of the Load Detectors at the Threshing CylinderHiroyuki TAKAHASHI, Tomohiko ICHIKAWA, Takao SUGIYAMA1999 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 117-124
Published: September 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA combine harvester which has an axial flow type thresher with a screw requires more power than a tangential flow type one because the crops are managed for longer second in the threshing part. A tendency to equip a higher powered engine with this type of combine harvesters has been seen lately. However on the other hand it is necessary to reduce the required power by means of reexamination in the specification of the threshing cylinder, while maintaining the threshing performance. The object of this study is to find out the specification where the required power will be less consumed. The first part of this study describes to develop the detector in order to measure the forces on the some parts of the thresher, to inspect its function and to understand the distinctive features of the loads in the threshing parts of the combine harvester.View full abstractDownload PDF (6210K) -
Effect of the Forces Measured at the Threshing Cylinder on the Cylinder Shaft Torque and Threshing PerformanceHiroyuki TAKAHASHI, Tomohiko ICHIKAWA, Takao SUGIYAMA, Sumihiko MIYAHA ...1999 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 125-131
Published: September 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is essential to measure the forces at the threshing teeth or the screw on a threshing cylinder and to understand its effect on the cylinder shaft torque and its variation towards the axial direction in order to reexamine the specification of the cylinder for the purpose of reduction of required power. The threshing performance should be also taken into consideration. The prediction of the torque was made an attempt in this part of the paper. This is the prediction of the torque from the force of blow in the threshing teeth and the tangential force of edge in the screw which were measured by the load detector formerly reported to understand the effect of its torque on the cylinder shaft torque. This part also describes to seize the threshing condition under the present specification by means of inspecting the distribution of grain which is threshed and pass through the concave. A testing facility which had the screw type thresher was developed. The specification of this threshing cylinder was able to be changed in the threshing teeth and the screw. The indoor test with this cylinder have been carried out. So the foundation of the simulation and the field test for reducing the required power has built up.View full abstractDownload PDF (1017K) -
Production of a sewing machine for sewing leaves to garland ropeNobuyoshi HATTORI, Yoshiaki MAEKAWA, Kineo ASAI, Kazuo OSAMURA, Yasuhi ...1999 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 133-140
Published: September 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new sewing machine which is suitable for harvested burley tobacco was produced as an experiment with the purpose of saving the tying work. This machine consists of conveyor and a sewing part. The conveyer moves feed intermittently 30mm each time. It sews the leaves arranged on the conveyor at a fixed interval and garland rope to hang together. It is operated by two or three workers. The working hours for sewing operation were 1.3 to 2.1 minutes per rope, 56 to 73% of the time could be shortened toward conventional tying machine. Other good results achieved by this sewing machine included a better curing management and a more efficient work of removing leaves from the rope.View full abstractDownload PDF (3078K) -
Outline of the MachineEiji MAKINO, Takao SUGIYAMA, Tomohiko ICHIKAWA, Shunsuke NOGUCHI, Isam ...1999 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 141-146
Published: September 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe developed an automatic rice-milling machine for rice-assay, which has high accuracy of milling rate and milling uniformity. The machine can also examine the milling properties of rice. The automatic rice-milling machine is vertical friction type, and can mill rice automatically. This machine can mill in two different ways. One is the Milling Rate Control Mode; and the other is the Milling Frequency Control Mode. In the milling rate control mode, The desired friction resistance and milling rate were selected, and the machine automatically repeated the milling processes at the milling rate. Also, in the milling frequency control mode, a number of milling processes and friction resistance values were selected, and the machine automatically repeated the milling processes.View full abstractDownload PDF (2512K)
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