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Volume 62, Issue 2
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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K. NAKABAYASHI2000 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages 1-2
Published: March 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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China (PART 2)Yoshiteru YAMAMOTO2000 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages 4-13
Published: March 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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K. FUKUZAKI2000 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages 14-15
Published: March 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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T. AKACHI2000 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages 16-18
Published: March 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Indoor experiment using a model vehicleToru TORII, Satoshi KITADE, Tsukasa TESHIMA, Tsuguo OKAMOTO, Kenji IMO ...2000 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages 41-48
Published: March 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper describes a feasibility study for a vision-guided agricultural mobile robot. Before field testing, a prototype vehicle was used in an indoor experiment. The prototype vehicle was battery-powered and equipped with 4-wheel drive and a 4-wheel steering mechanism. In the algorithm of the vision system, the furrow and crop areas were first separated according to color differences using a YUV color transformation, and the least squares method was applied to estimate the position of the boundary line between the two areas. Based on these boundary lines, a three dimensional perspective view transformation was then used to identify the heading error and the offset from the desired line. Two control modes of vehicle were involved: “turning mode” and “parallel mode”. The steering angle was determined according to the heading error and the offset from desired line. Results showed that the vehicle followed the desired line along the furrow within the tolerance necessary to maintain operation.View full abstractDownload PDF (2414K) -
Koichi OHTOMO, Tadashi KISHIMOTO2000 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages 49-57
Published: March 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA prediction of the tractive efficiency of a two-wheel drive tractor was conducted with tractor dimensions and average cone indexes. Experimental data in a field for the discussion of the prediction accuracy were obtained through tractor drawbar pull tests. The deviations of the measured data to the predicted one of drawbar pull and tractive efficiency were calculated, and the deviation rates which were defined as the ratio of the deviation to the predicted maximums of the drawbar pull and the tractive efficiency were obtained. The mean deviation rate of the drawbar pull and the tractive efficiency were 0.07% and -0.29% respectively. This reveals that reliable predictions for the tractive performance become possible.View full abstractDownload PDF (1118K) -
Practicability of Non-destructive Growth Measurement ModelToshiyuki SUZUKI, Haruhiko MURASE, Nobuo HONAMI2000 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages 58-65
Published: March 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this report, the practicability of the non-destructive growth measurement model for the cabbage plug seedlings population developed in a previous report was evaluated. The evaluation plug seedlings population consisted of various planting patterns caused by missing plants. The soil coverage and standard deviation of lightness of the plug seedlings population with missing plants varied with the increases in the total leaf area, similarly to the plug seedlings population without missing plants. The predicted total leaf area of the evaluation plug seedlings population fitted well with the measured values. The coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.937. The developed model could predict the total leaf area of the plug seedlings populations with various planting patterns. The practicability of the non-destructive growth measurement model was confirmed.View full abstractDownload PDF (6311K) -
Analysis of Practicable Method for Crop-row DetectionHiroshi OKAMOTO, Shun-ichi HATA, Munehiro TAKAI2000 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages 66-72
Published: March 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this part, the crop-row detecting method was improved, and studied about two-rows detection and one-row detection. In the experiments, a tractor equipped with a video camera was driven, and crop-rows were detected by using continuous images captured with the camera. As a result of the experiments, in the two-rows detection, detecting errors sometimes became large. On the other hand, the one-row detection was more accurate than two-rows detection. Regarding processing time, both methods were fast enough for practical use.View full abstractDownload PDF (5616K) -
Eiji INOUE, Yasumaru HIRAI, Koichi HASHIGUCHI, Takashi OKAYASU2000 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages 73-80
Published: March 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, dynamic characteristics of crop (rice) stalks were examined in order to make clear mechanical interaction between crop stalks and a combine reel, and obtain design parameters of a reel which contribute to an improvement of accuracy and efficiency in harvesting operation. First, frequency response characteristics (amplitude ratio against a shaking frequency) and natural frequency of rice stalks were made clear through the forced vibration experiment using a shaker, which can express dynamic characteristics of rice stalk. As a result, the calculation equation of natural frequency based on bending vibration theory for cantilever beams was applied to rice stalks, and parameters concerning natural frequency of a rice stalk were discussed. Further, Rayleigh method was applied to analysis of natural frequency of rice stalks with variety sectional area, and availability of this analyzing method was discussed by comparison with the experimental results.View full abstractDownload PDF (1160K) -
Analytical simulation of travel resistance caused by rolling resistance of the track rollersShigeki INABA, Eiji INOUE, Kouichi HASHIGUCHI, Takaaki MATSUO2000 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages 81-86
Published: March 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn our previous paper, it was certified that the rolling resistance of the track roller driving on the rubber crawler had a close relationship with the deformation phenomenon of the rubber crawler due to the vertical load of the track rollers.
In this study, analytical simulation of the travel resistance was performed by using experimental results of the present paper and static equilibrium equations constructed by the mechanical model of the rubber crawler system. As a result, it was found that this simulation method was applicable to predict travel resistance by the rolling resistance of the track roller.
Further, the rolling resistance for each track roller arrangement could be estimated quantitatively.View full abstractDownload PDF (740K) -
Measurement System Overview and Fundamental ExperimentsTakashi IIDA, Noboru NOGUCHI, Kazunobu ISHII, Hideo TERAO2000 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages 87-93
Published: March 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPrecision farming technology with controlling nitrogen treatment is available for management and environmental considerations. The objective of this study is to develop a method for obtaining nitrogen stress using machine vision. Digital green meter and leaf color scale have been already commercialized as measurement devices for nitrogen stress of crops. In this paper, measurement principle of nitrogen stress is proposed based on leaf reflectance. It was concluded that the wavelength of 550, 650nm is proper for detecting nitrogen stress.View full abstractDownload PDF (1060K) -
Rice quality related to rice stickiness during cooking on the Excess Water Cooking MethodNaoto SHIMIZU, Toshinori KIMURA, O. N. K. Ojijo2000 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages 94-100
Published: March 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify effect of rice physical properties on the cooked rice adhesion. The present paper deals with the changes in rice indices related to rice stickiness during cooking on the Excess Water Cooking Method. The correlation of rice indices is discussed. The rates of degree of rice gelatinization were found to be corresponding with the rates of TS increment. The cooked rice adhesion was considered to be affected by both degree of rice gelatinization and TS. These results led the conclusion that degree of rice gelatinization and TS can be used for the indicator of cooked rice adhesion during rice cooking process.View full abstractDownload PDF (961K) -
Development of Sorting System with Direction and Judgement Functions for Strawberry (Akihime variety)Pepito Menguito BATO, Masateru NAGATA, Qixin CAO, Kenji HIYOSHI, Takao ...2000 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages 101-110
Published: March 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, a sorting software and system with direction and judgement functions were developed for automatic strawberry sorting. After the correct direction was decided by using the direction software in Part 1, the developed software classified the strawberry according to shape and size. Shape judgement was based on the ratio of the area from the maximum diameter to the top of the strawberry image and the product of the maximum diameter and the height while size judgement was based on the projected area of the strawberry image. The sorting system consisted of the software and the hardware components. The software component had the direction and size-shape judgement softwares. The system's hardware is composed of the belt conveyor, robot, personal computer and CCD camera. According to the results of the sorting experiments using strawberries of Akihime variety, high average shape and size judgement accuracies of 98.6 and 100%, respectively, were obtained regardless of fruit orientation angle. The judgement time was within 1.18 seconds. Therefore, the validity of the developed sorting system was confirmed.View full abstractDownload PDF (4131K) -
Force Sensor and Harvesting ExperimentSuk Hyun CHUNG, Tateshi FUJIURA, Noriaki ISHIZUKA, Makoto DOHI, Kouji ...2000 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages 111-117
Published: March 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to develop a selective harvesting robot of crisp head lettuce, the prototype robot with the force sensor to measure the hardness of the crisp head was made for experiment. Results of the experiment showed that the force sensor was suitable to judge the grade of head formation. According to the field test of the robot, the 94% of appropriate heads for harvesting were harvested, and the required time for harvesting was 11.3 seconds a lettuce except the preservation time of data for investigation.View full abstractDownload PDF (2482K) -
Architecture of Robot and Fundamental ExperimentLijie HAN, Tateshi FUJIURA, Hisaya YAMADA, Noriaki ISHIZUKA, Yutaka KI ...2000 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages 118-126
Published: March 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA cherry tomato harvesting robot equipped with a 3-D vision sensor on the end effector was made and fundamental experiments were carried out. The end effector picked fruits by the suction force of an electric cleaner. To avoid the obstacles in it's harvesting locus, the end effector was designed to be bent right and left. To get the image of the objects in the dead angle from the fixed sensor, the 3-D vision sensor was miniaturized and mounted on the end effector so that it can also scan the side field from the space among the stalks and leaves. The experimental results showed that the position of red fruits could be measured accurately. Moreover, it was also possible to recognize the space for the side field scan by processing the 3-D image.View full abstractDownload PDF (1294K) -
Image Recognition and Harvest ExperimentLijie HAN, Tateshi FUJIURA, Hisaya YAMADA, Noriaki ISHIZUKA, Makoto DO ...2000 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages 127-136
Published: March 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA cherry tomato harvesting robot equipped with a 3-D vision sensor on the end effector was made for trial purpose. Image recognition and harvest experiments were carried out in a green house. The 3-D vision sensor scanned the front field of the robot. Red fruits and obstacles in the field were recognized by processing the image. These fruits were picked by the end effector avoiding a collision with obstacles. Furthermore, this image was processed to find the space among the stalks and leaves for scanning the side field, and to find the dead angle in its image. If both of them were found, the 3-D vision sensor was controlled to scan the side field. The red fruits recognized by processing the side image were also picked by the end effector. Result of the experiment showed that most of the experimented red fruits were recognized and harvested, although some problems must be solved to decrease the dropping of the fruits and to harvest the fruit with its calyx.View full abstractDownload PDF (5980K) -
Takuo KOKURYU, Sakae SHIBUSAWA, Takao MIYASHITA, Akira SASAO2000 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages 137-143
Published: March 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper described the effects of local plant density on stubble lodging stability in the Direct Sowing on Moistened Paddy (DSMP) system. Plant density distribution and anti-lodging resistance were measured at the ripening stage. Plant density showed high values but small number of tillers per stubble at the site of lodging emergence. Voronoi diagram showed different from stubble concentration between lodging and non-lodging sites. Lodging resistance was low in the lodged site compared with the non-lodged ones. Plant stubble management needs localized control looking at every site of a couple of stubbles.View full abstractDownload PDF (2463K) -
Utilization of Biodegradable Film for Keeping the Environment CleanBernardo D. TADEO, Masateru NAGATA, Masafumi MITARAI, Fumitoshi ISHINO ...2000 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages 144-153
Published: March 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper describes the investigation on the physical properties, heat absorption and preservation, weekly variations of biodegradability, and effects on rice morphology and yield to study the mulching cultivation system for early season culture rice by using biodegradable film (referred to as BF) for keeping the environment clean.
BF had weaker transversal tensile force and tear resistance than polyethylene film (referred to as PF). Heat retention and reflectance of BF were 0.3-0.8°C less and 2-5% more than that of PF, respectively. However, the effect of BF mulching on hastening the growth of rice was similar to that of PF. On the other hand, biodegradation was slow during the important growing stage of rice and accelerated after three months. Therefore, as mulching material for early season culture rice, the effective use of BF was confirmed.View full abstractDownload PDF (8417K) -
Development of Mulch Slit Cutting Mechanism for Biodegradable Film using Nylon CordBernardo D. TADEO, Masateru NAGATA, Masafumi MITARAI, Fumitoshi ISHINO ...2000 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages 154-166
Published: March 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA mulch slit cutting mechanism that uses nylon cord was developed to create mulch slit in the biodegradable film (referred to as BF) laid on the paddy field. This mechanism features the use of highly safe nylon cord of grass cutters as cutting material, which was adapted to the transplanting arm of rotary-type transplanter, and the cutting of mulch slits immediately before transplanting by the impact of nylon cord. The motions of nylon cord and transplanting finger were simulated to determine the most suitable slit length. As a result, the mulch slit length was influenced by planting depth and plant spacing as well as nylon cord length and its angular position. At 120-160mm plant spacings and 10-50mm planting depths, the differences of theoretical and experimental values were within 5mm, and enough mulch slit lengths necessary for transplanting seedlings were cut. Therefore, the study recognized the usefulness of this mechanism as mulch slit cutting mechanism of a transplanter for paddy field mulching cultivation system.View full abstractDownload PDF (7468K) -
Koichi SHOJI, Tsuneo KAWAMURA, Hisashi HORIO2000 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages 167-174
Published: March 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSYield mapping of rice paddy fields was attempted in accordance with increasing interest in recent development of precision agriculture. The maps were drawn for two 30a transplanted fields and one 63a broadcast field. The method consists of dead reckoning of combine position and velocity with a proximity switch, and grain flow monitoring by sensing impact on a load cell. Averaged cut widths were used as estimation. Little yield variability was observed in the transplanted fields, if the effect of experimental plots of varied chemical pest control was removed. The broadcast field showed an extreme example of yield variability, as a result of severe damage caused by pest and weed.View full abstractDownload PDF (4232K) -
Yoichi SHIBATA, Kan ARAKI, Kazunobu TORIYAMA, Ryoji SASAKI, Osamu ASAN ...2000 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages 175-177
Published: March 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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