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Volume 62, Issue 6
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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H. NAGATA2000 Volume 62 Issue 6 Pages 1-2
Published: November 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Hideo KAWASHIRO2000 Volume 62 Issue 6 Pages 4-11
Published: November 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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K. KAJITANI2000 Volume 62 Issue 6 Pages 12-14
Published: November 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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Satoru SATAKE, Takeshi FUKUMORI, Takamasa MESAKI, Takeshi MUNESADA, Ts ...2000 Volume 62 Issue 6 Pages 37-49
Published: November 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to study the breaking phenomenon of wheat grain in flour milling process, physical property measurements and observations using microscope for the outer layers of the grain and the starch granules are important. The structure of outer layers of the grain and starch granules was observed by a scanning electron microscope. The variation of hardness in the outer layers was determined by a ultra-low loaded hardness tester, and the breaking strength of starch granules was determined by a micro compression testing machine. In view of the fact that these values vary in different varieties, both hard wheat and soft wheat were examined. The results show that the hardness of the pericarp of hard wheat was harder than that of soft wheat. Also the compression strength of single starch granule in soft wheat was 1.6 times greater than that of hard wheat. Therefore, less damage was caused to the starch granules in soft wheat. In addition, the hardness of the outer layers was reduced half when water addition was made on tempering process.View full abstractDownload PDF (11551K) -
Measuring the force constant of the AFM micro-cantileverKazuto SHIGETA, Ryuji OHTANI, Yoshisada NAGASAKA, Ken TANIWAKI2000 Volume 62 Issue 6 Pages 50-57
Published: November 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA setup to measure force constant of the atomic force microscope (AFM) micro-cantilever was developed for the purpose of measuring physical properties of minute size bio-material by AFM. Laser Raman spectroscopy enabled roughly detecting stress of bending micro-cantilever. By using piezo actuator and a micro-balance, it bacame possible to measure force constant of micro-cantilever in high precision. The measured results will be applied for the quantitative viscoelasticity measurement of minute size bio-material.View full abstractDownload PDF (2768K) -
Characteristics of Carbon Dioxide Fixation Potential on Tomato Grafted Seedlings during the Joining of Scion and StockYoshifumi NISHIURA2000 Volume 62 Issue 6 Pages 58-65
Published: November 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this study was to gather fundamental data for the design of a joining and acclimatizing system for grafted seedlings of fruit vegetables. In this paper we describe the photosynthetic capacity of grafted seedlings, and we show a fabricated apparatus for measuring carbon dioxide absorption rate and the results of carbon dioxide fixation rate during the joining of scion and stock using this apparatus and tomato (Lycopersicun esculentum Mill.) grafted seedlings. We found the characteristics of changes in the carbon dioxide fixation potential of tomato grafted seedlings with an increase in the joining between the scion and stock.View full abstractDownload PDF (5186K) -
Dynamic Model and Driving SimulationsEiji INOUE, Jun KASHIMA, Yasumaru HIRAI, Koichi HASHIGUCHI2000 Volume 62 Issue 6 Pages 66-72
Published: November 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the dynamic characteristics of the rubber crawler vehicle equipped with movable track rollers, the dynamic models of the vehicle were constructed and motion equations were calculated from the models. As the result of comparison between those motion equations and the motion equations of the vehicle equipped with fixed track rollers, it was evident that the forces acting on movable track roller system from rubber crawlers are different from the force acting on fixed track rollers system even if the arrangement of track rollers is the same. Therefore, expantion equations for driving simulations by numerical analysis based on motion equations were proposed.View full abstractDownload PDF (850K) -
Uzuki MATSUSHIMA, Sei-ichi OSHITA, Yasuhisa SEO, Yoshinori KAWAGOE2000 Volume 62 Issue 6 Pages 73-80
Published: November 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of non-polar gas on postharvest life of cut carnation flowers was evaluated. Desorption process of treated xenon gas from the samples was investigated to estimate the effect of structured water. Results explained that the periods of desorption from the flowers was about 3 hours. Climacteric maximum in the xenon treated samples was exhibited after 10 to 11 days of harvesting. The vase life was 3 to 4 days longer than average vase life. And the water balance of the samples indicated that amount of water in xenon treated sample was larger than control. It is evident from results that the large amount of water in the xenon treated samples lead long vase life.View full abstractDownload PDF (1279K) -
Manuel Jose C. REGALADO, Eiji BEKKI2000 Volume 62 Issue 6 Pages 81-91
Published: November 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDrying rate is the common index of drying ability for a continuous flow grain dryer. In developing this dryer, manufacturers in Japan conventionally apply a standard drying rate at which the upper 3% limit for heavy fissure occurrence in heated air drying of rough rice is not exceeded. Until now the allowable upper limit for drying rate has been 0.8%/h. Recently, however, a certain manufacturer commercialized a new dryer with a claim that the rate was doubled to 1.6%/h. Hence the authors carried out basic single-grain layer drying experiments to investigate its possibility. Results showed that varietal differences in fissure resistance were unexpectedly great. Of the five varieties used in the study, Yaeminori was the weakest, with many light fissures occurring even in natural shade drying. Koshihikari was the strongest among the medium grain varieties used since in drying it at a rate of 3.6%/h at 48°C, the 3% heavy fissure limit was not exceeded. In applying this result to practical deep-bed drying, the intended 1.6%/h rate could possibly be realized. For Hitomebore and Tsugaruroman the upper limits to which the rate could be raised were 1.2 and 1.5%/h, respectively. The long grain IR-64 remarkably showed the highest fissure resistance and for this variety the standard rate may easily be doubled.View full abstractDownload PDF (1463K) -
Possibility of Class Selecting Used by Form InformationYutaka SASAKI, Masato SUZUKI, Peng CHEN, Tomohiro SAITO2000 Volume 62 Issue 6 Pages 92-97
Published: November 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGrade selection of soybeans due to the disease, sunburn, and grain missing needs great working hours because it depends on person's sight selection. Therefore it is hoping for shortening of the working hours and the increase in efficiency. So, selection machine is made intelligence by using the machine vision, and the realization of improvement in the productivity and labor saving is our goal for the final. It paid attention to the form information of the green soybeans at the first, and the possibility of the grade selection of grain missing was checked by this research. The next result is reported by this paper. 1) It was tested by the amount of form characteristics, and it got that possibility. 2) Genetic programming (GP) was introduced, and the validity was shown in the images of the green soybean that has thee grain.View full abstractDownload PDF (2321K) -
Keiichi INOUE, Noriyuki MURAKAMI, Kannji OOTSUKA, Mitsuho SUGIMOTO, We ...2000 Volume 62 Issue 6 Pages 98-107
Published: November 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe accuracy of a simulation model for drying soybeans that took moisture transfer into account in gas and solid phases was investigated under an inconstant air flow condition. It was found that the temperature and humidity of the air passing through a deep soybean bed and the moisture contents of accumulated layers of soybeans using different soybeans and two different types of an experimental dryer were realized to estimate accurately using such fundamental values of drying properties as density, specific surface area, space ratio, equilibrium moisture content specific heat, and mass transfer coefficients.View full abstractDownload PDF (3098K) -
Influences of conditions of image input on the error of distance measurementTeruo TAKAHASHI, Shu-huai ZHANG, Hiroshi FUKUCHI, Eiji BEKKI2000 Volume 62 Issue 6 Pages 108-115
Published: November 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe method for a stereo vision system in this study is to decidable the distance of an object by judging the clearness of central color images composed from left and right images, and its feature is to be obtainable the composite color image and the depth image of the object simultaneously. The influences of illuminative conditions, fruit, and photography were examined on the error of distance measurement for fruit images in apple orchards in the harvesting season. As the results of experiment the ranges for application of this system were considered that was between from 1 to 90klx in illumination, 90 (35%) and over in the intensity of apple images, 0.5 and under in the ratio of overlapped apple's area, and 16 and over pixels in the size of an apple (‘Fuji’) image in a monitor. Then, the error of distance measurement was between -4% and 2% in the distance from 1.2m to 3.5m, and was between -7% and 0% in the distance 3.5m and over.View full abstractDownload PDF (4374K) -
Characteristics of Gasification ProcessJunye JIA, Yutaka KITAMURA, Tateshi FUJIURA, Kouichi TAKEYAMA, C. L. H ...2000 Volume 62 Issue 6 Pages 116-124
Published: November 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCharacteristics of the 2nd phase of a methane fermentation system or gasification process were evaluated experimentally. The substrate for the 2nd phase was supernatant from the effluent of the 1st or acidogenic phase of an anaerobic process treating garbage slurry. The mesophilic bench scale apparatus consisting of four CSTR's performed as well as a thermophilic gasification process in regard to steady state data on pH, substrate consumption, biogas production rates and methane yield. Kinetic simulations on the microbe growth and methane production determined critical HRT was 5.4 days, HRT to facilitate maximum microbe density was 8.3 days, and HRT for the maximum methane production rate was 6.7 days, respectively. Based on these HRT's, the total vessel volume needed to handle the garbage produced by one person would be 82.5L and the methane produced per person would be 13.2L/d.View full abstractDownload PDF (1231K) -
A Field Experiment of the Designed Trajectory ControlLilik Sutiarso, Tomohiro TAKIOAWA, Masayuki KOIKE, Hideo HASEGAWA2000 Volume 62 Issue 6 Pages 125-135
Published: November 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was conducted to verify a developed trajectory control algorithm for an autonomous vehicle. A field experiment was carried out by using a computer-controlled tractor with four-wheel steering and four-wheel drive. The control algorithm was developed under an open-loop condition, with a simple feedback correction for vehicle orientation included in the steering angle calculation to minimize vehicle posture errors when the vehicle is travelling in its predetermined trajectory path. A gyro sensor and rotary encoders attached at the rear wheels were used as a vehicle posture-sensing system to detect the vehicle position and direction, and a dead reckoning method was used. The posture error at the target position obtained the experiments on a concrete surface was stayed within 3cm in position and 3° in orientation angle. While this results validated the proposed control algorithm, when the lateral moving distance was large the method could not work properly due to the limitation of steering angle. Experiments were repeated on grassland and soft-ground surface to clarify the effect of slippage between the vehicle and ground. Though the positional error was 1% or 1cm for all of tested groundsurfaces at the target point of (5m, 1m), it increased to 4% or 8cm particularly on the soft ground surface due to slippage at the target of (5m, 2m). These results indicated that significance the effect of slippage and implied necessity of positional feedback function.View full abstractDownload PDF (1346K) -
Hiroaki ISHIZAWA, Eiji TOBA, Masako NAKAMURA2000 Volume 62 Issue 6 Pages 136-144
Published: November 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChemical analysis methods such as gas or liquid chromatography have been applied to measure the pesticide residues in the agricultural products. On the farmer's side, consumers' concern on the safety of foods has caused the strongest needs for a rapid method so that pesticide measurement could be carried out before shipping the products from the fields. This paper describes the new nondestructive measuring method of the insecticide residues in chinese cabbages based on the attenuated total reflectance of the infrared region on the sample surface. The stability of the PLS calibration models for simultaneous multi elements have been estimated to propose practical measuring method.View full abstractDownload PDF (1319K) -
Michio KISE, Noboru NOGUCHI, Kazunobu ISHII, Hideo TERAO2000 Volume 62 Issue 6 Pages 145-153
Published: November 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA positioning system is an essential part for an autonomous vehicle. Recent researches have shown that positioning based on a GPS offers high possibility for fulfilling the vehicle guidance. When enough number of satellites and high GDOP are assured, a current RTK-GPS can achieve accuracy of 1-2cm error. However, the RTK-GPS is still costly for farm use. Therefore, the paper dealt with utilization of the low cost Differential-GPS (DGPS) for the vehicle guidance system. In the paper, two guidance systems (NAV-1 and NAV-2) with a DGPS and a Geomagnetic Direction Sensor (GDS) have been developed. The NAV-1 could navigate the vehicle to the desired position with the heading angle sensed by the GDS and desired heading angle cyclically updated by the DGPS with 0.5m error. An another system, the NAV-2 could make the vehicle travel along a straight path using a lateral error from a desired path using both the DGPS and the GDS. Noise of lateral error caused by DGPS measurement error was filtered out by combining a moving-average with an AR model.View full abstractDownload PDF (2456K)
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