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Volume 33 (1971 - 197･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 330-
- Issue 3 Pages 222-
- Issue 2 Pages 101-
- Issue 1 Pages 2-
- Issue Supplement Page･･･
Volume 33, Issue 2
Displaying 1-19 of 19 articles from this issue
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Relation between Effect of Treated Heavy Oils in Ultrasonics and WearRyuzo TAKEUCHI, Yukitsugu ISHII1971 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 101-104
Published: September 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe rate of piston ring wear of treated B heavy oil (LS) in ultrasonics was smaller than untreated one like Fig. 2 and 3. The wear when using several kinds of lubricating oil together with treated or untreated B heavy oil (LS) is shown in Fig. 3, and the effect of dispersant content in lubricating oil on the rate of wear was remarkable. Especially, when treated heavy oil was used with dispersant containing lubricating oil, the rate of wear decreased considerably.View full abstractDownload PDF (4402K) -
Similitude of Rectangular Blade in Sandy LoamMinoru YAMAZAKI, Shozo MASUDA, Takashi TANAKA1971 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 105-111
Published: September 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Similitude tests on the draft of rectangular blades were performed in the sandy loam shown in Fig. 1 and Tab. 3. Penetrating resistance to a circular plate (48mmφ): R (kg/cm2) and the draft of soil strength feeler plate: S (kg/cm2) were adopted as the pertinent variables of soil strength in addition to soil density.
2. Distortions were present in case of soil D, E, F and G (Fig. 2 (b)). It is seemed that the occurrence of distortion and its degree are closely connected with the cohesion of soils as pointed out in many other studies.
3. Neglect of acceleration of gravity was effective to handle the distortion (Fig. 6. 7).
4. Regression analysis was done in investigating the relations between prediction factor δ and scale length n or distortion factor αR or αS for the three levels of ∏2. As the results of the analysis, it was generally evident that prediction factor δ is in close connection with scale factor n more than distortion factor αS. And αR is inadequate for obtaining the accurate prediction factor.
5. Regression equations concerning with δ and n, αS and αR were shown as the exponent functions but any definite relations could not be found between the exponents and the soil properties.View full abstractDownload PDF (1076K) -
Series Circuit and Parallel CircuitTsuguo OKAMOTO, Noboru KAWAMURA1971 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 112-117
Published: September 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA Series circuit of hydraulic power system and a parallel circuit were tested for driving multiple loads.
(1) In the series circuit, the hydraulic pump can be of smaller capacity than in the parallel circuit, but the pressure in the upper circuit is higher as it is the sum of the pressure which is required to drive the first hydraulic motor and the under circuit pressure. On the series hydraulic circuit the under circuit is affected directly by the dynamic characteristics of the upper circuit.
(2) In the parallel hydraulic circuit the circuit pressure does not become so high as in the series circuit but the capacity of pump has to be larger.
(3) Since the pressure compensated flow control valve acts accurately in the system the both of series and parallel systems for a couple loads operate stably with unbalanced loads on statical and dynamical.View full abstractDownload PDF (936K) -
on Tractive PerformanceAkira OIDA, Shozo MASUDA, Takashi TANAKA, Minoru YAMAZAKI, Nobutaka IT ...1971 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 118-127
Published: September 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTraction tests of a tractor which is equiped with “gear replacement type” hydrostatic ransmission (“Taurodyne”) were conducted and following results were obtained.
1. In case of the tractor with a mechanical tra-nsmission, its maximum drawbar pull is limited by 100% slippage or engine-stop.
However, in case of the tractor with hydrostatic transmission, it is limited by 100% slippage at low speed and opening of the relief valve, at high speed.
2. Ground speeds of HST tractor can be varied smoothly and the combination of drawbar pull and ground speed which can not be obtained from the mechanical transmission tractor. is obtainable.
Furthermore, the HST tractor is able to run very slowly.
3. The maximum drawbar horse power of HST tractor (engine output is 42.5PS) was about 21PS and the maximum motor output was about 30PS.
4. When the pump tilting angle is remained constant, the speed ratio reduces with increasing of output torque. This is because the volumetric efficiency of HST reduces with increasing of torque.
5. The maximum transmission efficiencies of HST were respectively 72% (ε=0.25), 66% (ε=0.5), 67% (ε=1.0) when the engine speed was 2, 400rpm.
6. The optimum combinations of engine speed and speed ratio settings to minimize the fuel consumption were obtained and shown in graphs. This results will be useful for the optimum control of HST tractor.View full abstractDownload PDF (1526K) -
Experiment of sinusoidal Motion by the Vibration ExciterToshitake ARAMAKI, Takemi ABE1971 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 128-134
Published: September 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe human being in many modern man-machine-system has to endure various stress. As a result of pro gress in the development of vibrating agricultural machinary, more and more has been demanded of the human operator.
The authors tried to determine the threshold limit value of local vibrating agricultural machinery.
The vibration was applied on the hand by electrodynamic sinusoidal exciter with test handle.
Some tests terms for the purpose of investigating the effect of mechanical vibration were skin temperature of hand, pulse rate, surface electromyogram in muscle, and the sense of touch. The results obtained were as follows:
(1) In case of higher vibration, the skin temperature of the back of hand showed a decline, and a rise later during the application of vibration. From this result, the authors tried to determine the limit value of vibration, which is showh in Fig 5, and Fig 6.
(2) The average pulse rate and frequency analysis of surface electramyogram in muscle had little effect.
(3) The results by sense of touch test were almost the same with that by skin temperature test.View full abstractDownload PDF (3160K) -
Takenori Koizumi, Mituo Iwanaga1971 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 135-139
Published: September 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe characteristic freqencies of the transverse vibration of a portable rotary cutter with an electric motor were caluculated as a function of beam length, its flexural rigidity, its weight per cm, the mass and effective mass moment of inertia at each end of the beam using a simplified free beam model as shown in Fig. 1.
Results obtained were as follows;
(1) The beam's length, flexural rigidity, weight per cm and moment of inertia of motor assembly affected greatly the natural freqencies, while mass at each end, and gyromoment of rotating disc or armature had little effect on them even thongh these values were varied by ±50% on the basis of measured values.
(2) The caluculated natural freqencies differed by about 5% from experimented data. As the model chosen was very simplified and incomplete. it was desirable to improve it further to know accurate natural freqencies in all cases or to take another step for analysis of portable rotary cutters.
(3) This simple caluculation method may be used to predct the approximate values of natural freqencies or to transfer them to desired positions for machines having multi-mass, -moment, -spring on a beam.View full abstractDownload PDF (750K) -
Kiyomi SATO, Kiyotugu TAKAGI1971 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 140-144
Published: September 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe tilling characteristics of the plastic moldboard plow were described in this report.
The test was carried out comparing with the ordinary steel plow of the same size as plastic plow on two kinds of soils i. e. Konosu grei soil in paddy, Karako volcanic ashe soil in upland.
The following results were obtained.
1. The soil sticked rapidly and abundantly to the ordinary steel plow in upland plowing. But the weight of sticked soil to the plastic moldboard plow was so little as to be neglected.
2. The specific resistance of the plastic moldboard plow was about 80-85% of the ordinary steel plow in upland plowing.
3. The relocation of various points in the furrow slice after plowing by the plastic moldboard plow was in better condition than ordinary steel plow.
4. The tilling characteristics of the plastic moldboard plow were influenced by plowing speedView full abstractDownload PDF (832K) -
On the range of deposits and adhesion of spray dropletsJ. KAMIDE, K. MORIYUKI1971 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 145-151
Published: September 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis investigation was carried out to obtain useful and practical data on the application of orchard sprayers in a sloping apple orchard. In this paper authors reported mainly on the range of deposit and the adhesion of spray droplets.
1. The liquid droplets sprayed by an orchard sprayer are carried away with air stream. The calculated drifting distance of droplets (100 microns) was about 16 meters in the vertical direction and about 130 meters in the horizontal direction, but in practice the range of deposit of spray liquid was about 10 meters.
2. On a sloping land, the distance between the onchards prayer and the tree was longer than on a flat land, therefore, it was difficult to obtain good coverage of the gross tree with spray droplets.
3. If the tree was far from the orchard sprayer and had a large volume, few spray droplets got to and into the tree crown, and the degree of deposit on the gross tree crown was low.
4. The spraying direction and the condition of terrace affected the adhesion of chemicals and the result of pest control. On spraying upward, the spray droplets were intercepted by the frontal foliage and did not get into the crown thoroghly.
If terrace was high and steep, the degree of adhesion was higher on the upper part of the tree than on the lower part, because the spray droplets impinged on the terrace and drifted along the slope upward.
5. In order to achieve good penetration and adhesion of liquid droplets sprayed on a sloping orchard, it was neccesary that the terrace was low, and the tree form should be altered.View full abstractDownload PDF (1244K) -
The Rice-sheaf tightness and the knot SecurityToshio TOYOTAMA, Gaku TSURUMI, Mitsuo TAKASUKA1971 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 152-155
Published: September 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere are two types of knotting devices in binders now in general use: the ordinary type and the pull type. Concerning these knotting devices, the binding experiments have been conducted to find out the difference of the rice-sheaf tightness and the knot security between the ordinary type and the pull type. The rice-sheaf tightness was expressed by the ratio of circular length of a rope that winds around a rice-sheaf when drawn with 10kg tension load to circular length of binding twine, and the knot security expressed by length of knot.
The results are as follows
1) The rice-sheaf tightness increased with increases in sheaf-diameter and in brake load of twine.
2) The rice-sheaf of the pull type was usually tighter than that of the ordinary one for about 10 percent.
3) The knot of the pull type was much more securer than that of the ordinary one and there was few influence by kind and brake load of twine in the pull type, comparing to the ordinary one.
4) While strong tension twines were required for keeping the rice-sheaf tightness and the knot security in the ordinary type, they were not required in the pull type, and so thinner and cheaper twines can be used in the latter.View full abstractDownload PDF (578K) -
Noboru KAWAMURA, Hisashi HORIO1971 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 156-162
Published: September 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe attended to the Japanese ancient method of stripping of rice grain (SEMBAKOKI), and devised the new method of stripping. The outline of this method is shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Experiment was carried out with the model conformed to the devised stripping method. It was made so as to simulate to strip standing rice plant in the field. This method seemed to have merits that standing harvesting would be possible and that the harvester could be small in size and requires less power. Theresults and discussions were as follows;
1) The peripheral speed and the slit width of stripping tooth were the main factar that had effects upon the condition of stripped grain. As peripheral speed increased, the number of branch-and ear-breaking increased. When slit width was 4mm that was larger than the width of grain, the num ber of branch-breaking was small but the number of unstripped grains was great. When slit width was 2mm that was smaller than the width of grain, the latter was small but the former, great. At the case of 2mm, the number of branch-breaking was larger than at the cases of 3 or 4mm. There was no significant difference in pedicel-breaking between the cases of 2mm and of 3 or 4mm.
2) From this experiment, we found, that whenn chucked rice plant stood, the peripheral speed should have to be taken less than 200cm/ sec, and when rice plant was hung, less than 400cm/sec. To prevent branch-breaking, the stripping apparatus should be laid out so that rice head would be stripped first with the teeth with slit width of 3 to 4mm, and then with the teeth with slit width of 2mm.
3) We determined two probabilities; one for a culm held by a slit and the other n culms held. by a slit. The relations between these two probabilities and the centre distance of teeth gave the optimal value from 10 to 15mm for the centre distance. Fig. 6 gives the head angle.View full abstractDownload PDF (1117K) -
Toshio IWAO, Noboru KAWAMURA, Hajime TANABE1971 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 163-172
Published: September 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSucceeding to the previous report, this paper dealt with the theoretical analysis and expermental studies concerning the flowing velocity of a grain on the oscillating screen in elliptical motion. The objective of this work was to check the validity of the theory. The point on the connecting rod (b) of the four-bar linkage was adapted to oscillate the screen in the elliptical motion. The measuring method for the experiment was the same as described in the first paper. The motion of a grain on the screen surface was analytically studied with the help of the pictures of the stroboscope and the oscillogram of acceleration and phase angles.
The main results were as follows.
1) In the case of counter-flow, the mean velocity of a grain increased with the increasing the frequency and decreased with the increasing of minor axis of ellipse. In the case of con-flow, when the frequency of screen exceeded the limits, the mean velocity of a grain gradually decreased.
2) In the case of counter-flow, the motion of a grain on the screen surface changed from positive sliding motion to jumping motion. In the case of con-flow, the motion of a grain on the screen surface changed from negative sliding motion to jumping motion.
3) Excepting the rolling motion of a grain, the mean velocity of a grain of theoretical analysis, was approximately in accordance with the experimental results.View full abstractDownload PDF (9480K) -
Masanori TSUCHIYA1971 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 173-181
Published: September 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe author and his colleague have studied on the mechanical harvesting of tree fruits—cherries, apples, chestnuts and others—since 1964, and the principal results are as follows:
1) About 740 literatures on the mechanical harvesting of tree fruits both in Japan and other countries were investigated and classified into such groups as physical properties of trees and fruits, pruning, harvesting machines, catching devices, containers, transportation or handling and so on.
2) Five small portable and one self-propelled (8 PS, 420kg) harvesting machines have been manufactured for trial in order to fit to the Japanese orchard under such conditions as small scale, hillside cultivation and the various sizes of trees. Most of the pootable types could not shake the branch well because of insufficient weight, nevertheless these machines were too heavy to be carried in the orchard. The crawler type was able to shake effectively the trunk of about ten-year-old cherry trees.
3) The clamp developed in this study hardly wounds the tree bark and is able to hold the branches promptly and firmly.
4) A catching frame having two layers of deceleation strips made of canvas webbing was constructed for the mechanical harvesting of apple fruits. The strips of 4cm wide, which were fixed on the frame at an interval of 2cm, acted effectively on deceleration. Many fruits, however, were slightly bruised by the mutual impact while they were rolling downwards on the catching surface.
5) The force and the frequency required to remove a fruit from a spur and also the coefficient of viscous damping of cherries were examined. The results obtained are indicated in Table 12 and Table 13.
6) Some experiments on removing fruits from spurs were carried out with the shaking device in the laboratory, and the relations between the removing time, the frequency and the amplitude were made clear. These results are shown in Fig. 11-14.View full abstractDownload PDF (9856K) -
Operations Research for TransportingKazuo KOJIMA1971 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 182-191
Published: September 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe operations research for mechanizing transportation was performed based on results of harvesting and transporting of cucumbers and green peppers in vinyl houses. The results were as follows:
(1) The average time for harvesting cucumbers per container was 5 minutes, the standard deviation was 2 minutes and the frequency distribution for harvesting time became a normal distribution.
(2) The average quantity of harvested cucumbers per container was 6kg, the standard deviation was 3kg and the frequency distribution for the quantity was a normal distribution.
(3) As a result of the operations research, the transporting mechanization of cucumbers was necessary when the area of a vinyl house was over 20a.
It required that the carring implements would transport about 50kg of load at 0.3-0.4m/s.
(4) The transporting mechanization of green peppers was necessary when area of vinyl house was over 40 a.
It required that the carring implements would transport about 25kg of load at 0.2-0.3m/s.View full abstractDownload PDF (1473K) -
Moisture Transfer between Hull and Hulled Rice during Drying PauseShingo YAMAZAWA, Shigeru YOSHIZAKI, Takaaki MAEKAWA1971 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 192-199
Published: September 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors studied moisture transfer mechanism from hulled rice to hull, and the relation between moisture contents of hull and drying pause time.
The results were as follows:
1. The driving force of moisture transfer during drying pause was mainly the difference in initial moisture contents between hull and unhulled rice.
2. The rate of moisture transfer increased proportionately with the increase of absolute temperatures and the increase of the difference in initial moisture contents between hull and unhulled rice.
3. At the initial stage of drying pause, nearly all of the moisture transfered in liquid from hulled rice to hull by capirally mechanism.
Then a small amount of moisture transfered to the hull by water vapour diffusion from unhulled rice through the gap between the two.
4. The maximum moisture content of hull during drying pause was expressed by the following equation.
M0-Mci=e8.36(Mhi-Mci/T)0.475
5.0≤Mhi-Mci≤35.0, 293≤T≤313
where M0 was the moisture content of the hull, Mci the inital moisture content of hulled rice at the drying pause.
5. The moisture content of hull during drying pause was expressed by the following equation.
Mui-Mcp/Mui-Mci
=5.03-9×10-3(Mhi-Mci)-1.255×10-2/θ0.178
10≤θ≤180, 293≤T≤313
where Mcp was the moisture content of hull during drying pause, Mui was the initial moisture content of unhulled rice at the drying pause.
6. The relationship of moisture contents between hull and unhulled rice after drying was indicated by the following equations.
(a) Drying Temperature 60°C (air)
16.5≤Mu≤23.6 Mci=3.7e0.0284Mu
23.6<Mu≤31.8 Mci=0.10e0.0281Mu
(b) Drying Temperature 40°C (air)
16.6≤Mci≤24.0 Mci=3.8e0.0243Mu
24.0<Mu=34.0 Mci=0.16e0.158Mu
where Mu was the content of unhulled rice at the drying.View full abstractDownload PDF (2960K) -
On Some Factors effect cooling Rate of Agricultural ProductsS. ISHIBASHI, T. KOJIMA, N. TOYOTA1971 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 200-204
Published: September 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn experiment was conducted by using cylindrical concrete pieces with c-c thermocouples imbedded in it so that the effect of flood rates in the flood-type cooler and of agitating in the immersion-type cooler might be clarified. Also the similar experimental results on some agricultural products were given.
1) In the case of an immersion-type hydrocooler with agitators, the cooling. rate was larger than without agitators.
2) In flood-type cooling of piled agricultural products, the cooling rate of each layer (upper, middle and bottom layer of piled products) was different. The difference might become small by means of larger flood rates. It was supposed that the constant rate of flooding water had an optimul height for each piled product.
3) In the case of leafy vegetables and root vegetables with leaves which had large resistance towater flow, the piled height shoud be less than about 16cm under the experimental conditionsView full abstractDownload PDF (736K) -
Isao YOSHIDA1971 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 205-209
Published: September 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere are three types of shear stress-strain curves as shown in figure 1. In this report, only the curve of type (2) was studied. The exponential expression (1) for curves of type (2) has been proposed by Janosi and Hanamoto for off-the-road locomotion. The author modified the hyperbolic expression proposed by Kondner used in triaxial tests of soil mechanics, applied it to express the curve of type (2) and examined which expression would give a better approximation with the result that the hyperbolic expression gave a closer approximation.View full abstractDownload PDF (727K) -
Hard-Urethan-foamT. TAWARA, F. AI, K. WATANABE, S. J. SHING1971 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 210-215
Published: September 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
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1971 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 216-216,215
Published: September 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (394K) -
1971 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 217
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (84K)
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