In order to find out the relationship between tuberculin allergy and immunity against tuberculosis, following observations were made by carrying out simultaneous examinations of tuberculin reaction, phagocytosis of leucocytes and specific hemobacteriostatic power against tubercle bacilli.

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It is well known that Streptomycin (STM) has a remarkable therapeutic effect on tuberculosis. However, as regard to the mechanism of its action, no sufficient explanation has ever been given, although researches have been made by experiments both in vitro and in vivo.
That STM has a powerful action to prompt the cure of tuberculosis is due not only to the inhibition of the growth of tuberculous bacilli, but also we have clinically established the fact that STM causes a change in the function of the body, directly influencing on the autonomic nervous functions.
An attempt was made, therefore, to prove this fact experimentally on rabbits and guinea pigs.
The results of experiments showed that by Magnus' method a small quantity of STM was found to accelerate the movement of intestinal tracts, while it had an influence to lower the blood pressure of the rabbit and this influence was inhibited, up to a certain extent, by atropin.
As STM promotes the action of acetylcholine and inhibits the action of epinephrine, it is presumed that STM has a cholinergic action.
STM also has an inhibiting effect upon cholinesterase in the blood serum and further it was shown in experiments on electrical stimulation of the autonomic nerve center that STM promotes the action of para-sympathicus.
From these facts, it is ascertained that STM acts on the parasympathetic nervous system.
It is generally believed that in an early stage or in an out-burst stage of tuberculosis, the function of autonomic nervous system in patients is accelerated on the side of sympathetic nervous system. In these stages, therefore, the administration of such chemotherapeutics as STM which acts to accelerate the function of para-sympathicus leads to recover the autonomic nervous function to normal stage.

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Investigations were made on various combinations of the three different preliminary treatments and three different media in order to decide which combination is the best for the detection of tubercle bacilli by cultivation of the sputa of patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis.

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Reports have often been made on the decomposition of I-tyrosine by micro-organisms. It has been believed, however, that tubercle bacilli cannot decompose 1-tyrosine. The author could isolate tyrosol (phydroxyphenylethylalcohol) from the culture filtrate of the tubercle bacilli grown in Sauton's synthetic medium which contained 0.1 % I-tyrosine. While yeast fermentation gives a good yield of tyrosol from 1-tyrosine, the yield is small in the case of bacterial decomposition (Hirai, Miyazi) in which acid substance and amine were formed as the decomposition products. It is interesting to note that tubercle bacilli belong to mycobacterium and grow on the surface of ordinary liquid culture media like yeast.

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Following the popularization of the application of broncho-scopy, the necessity for pathological investigations on tracheo and broncho-tuberculosis has increased. Especially, those considerations on the distribution of tubercle bacilli in the tissue of the ulcerous lesions formed on the trachea and bronchus are of the utmost importance. In the first report of the present study, the pathology of trachea and main bronchus was discussed, and in the second report, the pathology of lobular and segmental bronchus and the distribution of tubercle bacilli in the ulcerative lesions formed on the trachea and main bronchus were discussed.

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Comparative studies were made on the influence of PE on the oxygen consumption of human type tubercle bacilli H₃₇Rv and its variant PE 100γ/m1 resistant strain as well as on the same influence adding various substrates.
PE at a concentration of 60γ/ml revealed no significant influence on the oxygen consumption of resting tubercle bacilli. When a substrate such as glycerin, lactic acid, various kinds of amino acids, asparagin, benzoic acid or salicylic acid was added, PE inhibited the increase in the oxygen consumption of the susceptible strain, while, the consumption of the resistant strain received only a slight or no influence. Regarding other substrates, there was no significant difference between the susceptible strain and resistant one as to the inhibition of the increase in their oxygen consumption by PE.

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It is generally known that tubercles become atrophic or hyaline after the treatment with streptomycin or isoniazid, but its mechanism has not yet been clarified, and the present study was designated to explain this point. Guinea pigs were infected subcutaneously with M. tuberculosis Riku F. strain, and from the third week and the nineth week respectively, they were treated with either streptomycin or isoniazid for a period of 6 weeks. At the end of the treatment, they were sacrificed for pathological examination as well as.. for cultivation of tubercle bacilli in the organs. Autopsy findings in the third week 9f infection revealed that epithelioid cell tubercles were atrophic. On the other hand, in the nineth week of infection, tubercles were still proliferative in the liver, spleen and lung, but those in the lymphnodes were markedly productive, ani after 6 weeks' treatment tubercles in the liver, spleen and lung were atrophic while most of those in the lymphnodes were hyaline. From these findings, it will be considered that tubercles will become atrophic if streptomycin or isoniazid treatment is started during the period in which tubercles are still proliferative, but they will become hyaline if the treatment is started from the period they become productive. The same findings with the tubercles were observed in the epithelioid cell layer forming the capsule of caseous. is lesions. that is. in case chemotherapy is started when the fibrous production is markedly hyaline, but in cas?, the therapy is started during the period the epithelioid cell layer is cellular with little fibrous production, the epithelioid cell of the capsule will become atrophic and the capsule will become very thin.

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